肿瘤疾病分类的应用

国际肿瘤疾病分类（ICK－O）是国际疾病分类（ICD－9）中第二章肿瘤分类的延伸和补充，是在ICD—9的基础上同时反映局部解剖、组织形态的编码系统。随着医学科学技术的发展，临床医务人员往往根据自己和科室对肿瘤的研究角度和承担的科研课题不同，要求病案管理人员提供给他们各类疾病的病案，这对我们疾病分类人员提出了更高的要求。为了适应医、教、研的需要，充分发挥病案的作用，几年来我院运用ICD－9编码结合ICD—O编码，采用下列几种分类方法进行交叉索引。一、按解剖部位分类肿瘤有别于其它普通疾病，按解剖部位分类，查找十…     

ICD—O编码与《五大洲癌症发病率》

把癌症的实际诊断转化为编码形式，是癌症登记处的一项重要工作，也是不同地区癌症资料作比较以及实现国际标准化和规范化的基本要求。为此，本文拟就国际疾病分类（ICD）及肿瘤学分类（IC－O）的编码问题，以及《五大洲癌症发病率》的资料处理过程作一初步介绍。1国际疾病分类（ICD）1．1历史简介ICD（TheInternationalClasslfi－canonOfDiseases）是全球疾病分类采用的主要分类系统。1948年，国际死因分类表改名为国际疾病分类（即ICD－6）。第二次世界大战后，ICD由WHO负责出版，每10年修订一次。1981年中国成立WHO疾病分类…     

辽宁省1990年—1992年恶性肿瘤死亡情况分析

辽宁省肿瘤防治办公室根据卫生部的统一部署，开展了1990年-1992年辽宁省1／10人口死因回顾抽样调查工作，现将调查情况报告如下。资料与方法1973年-1975年、1990年-1992年恶性肿瘤死亡资料来自辽宁省全死因抽样调查结果，包括沈阳市铁西区、大连市中山区、本溪市平山区、岫岩县、清原县、北票市6个区县的资料。疾病分类采用ICD－9分类法。标化死亡率用1964年中国标准人口构成计算，资料分析采用全国肿瘤防治研究办公室统一软件。结果与分析6个抽样调查区、县1990年-1992年3年总人口数为8443922人，占全省同期总人口的7．1％。本次调查的…     

上海市杨浦区1972～1995年主要恶性肿瘤发病率趋势分析

上海市杨浦区肿瘤防治院从１９７２年开始至今积累了２０余年本区居民恶性肿瘤发病资料，是上海市各区县中掌握癌情资料最早也是最详实准确的一个区县。了解本区居民主要恶性肿瘤的发病率趋势变化，对我区肿瘤防治工作具有现实的指导意义。材料和方法１病例来源是根据上海市恶性肿瘤新病例的登记报告制度报告的新病例，由地段医师核实本辖区的肿瘤发病新病例，按照国际疾病分类第九次修订本（ＩＣＤ９）进行分类编码，以公安部门提供的年度人口资料，计算各部位肿瘤发病率，并以世界人口构成计算标化发病率，同时计算年龄别发病率。２…     

肿瘤分类中常见错误编码分析

国际肿瘤分类（ICD－O）是在国际疾病分类（ICD－9）的基础上同时反映局部解剖，组织形态的编码系统。肿瘤分类编码，科学性强，难度较大，涉及的范围较广，本文将肿瘤分类中不同原因造成的错误编码进行了分析。一、编码操作不规范1，肿瘤的部位编码与动态编码不一致，每一个肿瘤都具有两个编码，一是部位编码，指明肿瘤的发生部位，另一是形态学编码，说明肿瘤的起源组织及良恶性情况。例如形态学编码M8312／3，前四位数指明肿瘤的组织学类型，斜线后的一位数表示肿瘤的动态。肿瘤的部位编码与动态编码必须一致，否则造成错误。如卵巢…     

启东试行ICD-O及TNM分期

启东肝癌防治研究所于1998年3月11日-12日召开启东市肿瘤防治工作（培训哈议，试行推广国际疾病肿瘤学分类（IC－O）及肿瘤的TIM分期工作。启东癌症登记处的专业人员及来自启东各区。乡（镇）的近50名肿瘤防治医生参加了会议（培训）。WHO干lop年推出了第H版ICD－0（ICD－0－2）。为推广使用ICD－0，国际癌症研究中心（LARC）与国际癌症登记协会（InCR）还于lop年10月专门出版了（癌症登记人员手册），结合ICD－0的使用，对癌症登记处如何进行癌症资料的收集、核对、编码、输入、质量控制及资料分析等作了详细的规范化的描述。…     

上海市普陀区恶性肿瘤流行状况分析

恶性肿瘤是严重危害人民身体健康的疾病，也是上海居民的主要死亡原因之一，为了探讨恶性肿瘤的流行规律，为开展病因和防治研究工作提供科学依据，我们对普陀区1972年－1996年的恶性肿瘤发病资料进行分析报告如下。一、材料与方法1．资料来源恶性肿瘤发病数据取自普陀区肿瘤防治研究办公室的恶性肿瘤发病登记报告资料。全部恶性肿瘤的分类根据国际疾病分类第九次修订本（ICD－9）的标准进行分类。各年的人口资料由当地公安部门提供，以普陀区的1985年人口构成作为标准人群，采用直接标化的方法计算标化发病率。2．统计方法男、女合计恶性…     

肿瘤疾病分类常见错误的分析

国际疾病分类ICD－9与肿瘤的形态学分类ICD－0作为疾病的一种分类方法，有较严格的规定和说明。现针对我院医生目前使用情况及我们在实施这种分类时存在的一些问题综述如下：一、常见问题我院近一年来400份恶性和可疑恶性肿瘤病人的病案及编码错误见附表：附表40O份恶性和可疑恶性肿瘤病人的病案及编码错误如附表可见：即使在患者手术后，医生在书写临床诊断时对肿瘤发生部位书写不准确；编码员在审视病案时，没有认真了解病理报告的描述。二、调查分析与改进措施（－）医生填写临床诊断失误主要由病案首页填写不规范、不完整所致。1．医…     

大连市肿瘤登记报告工作与病案管理信息共享系统建设

突破传统的肿瘤登记报告制度和方法,建立涵盖肿瘤登记信息、编码与录入质量控制、疾病编码转换等功能的完善的病案管理信息共享系统。实现住院肿瘤病例的基础登记、质量控制、信息反馈以及后续随访工作的统一管理。     

梧州市主要恶性肿瘤发病情况分析

广西梧州市肿瘤防治研究所建于1978年，并同时建立了三级防癌网及全市范围的恶性肿瘤登记、报告制度。现针对梧州市1981年一1994年的恶性肿瘤登记资料，就主要部位恶性肿瘤的发病情况作一分析。一、材料与方法1．资料来源恶性肿瘤病例由三级防癌网逐级上报广西梧州市肿瘤防治研究所，同时由该所流行病学室的专职人员到各级医疗单位搜集，再进一步核实、建卡、整理，并剔除重复，补充遗漏，按国际疾病分类第九次修订本（ICD－9）进行分类。本文恶性肿瘤资料的I级诊断（病理、细胞学＼骨髓片）占47．l％，11级诊断（X钱包括＊、超声波、手术…     

Tools for protein-protein interaction network analysis in cancer research

As cancer is a complex disease, the representation of a malignant cell as a protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) and its subsequent analysis can provide insight into the behaviour of cancer cells and lead to the discovery of new biomarkers. The aim of this review is to help life-science researchers without previous computer programming skills to extract meaningful biological information from such networks, taking advantage of easyto-use, public bioinformatics tools. It is structured in four parts: the first section describes the pipeline of consecutive steps from network construction to biological hypothesis generation. The second part provides a repository of public, user-friendly tools for network construction, visualisation and analysis. Two different and complementary approaches of network analysis are presented: the topological approach studies the network as a whole by means of structural graph theory, whereas the global approach divides the PPIN into sub-graphs, or modules. In section three, some concepts and tools regarding heterogeneous molecular data integration through a PPIN are described. Finally, the fourth part is an example of how to extract meaningful biological information from a colorectal cancer PPIN using some of the described tools.     

Cancer Prediction Based on Radical Basis Function Neural Network with Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper addresses cancer prediction based on radial basis function neural network optimized by particleswarm optimization. Today, cancer hazard to people is increasing, and it is often difficult to cure cancer. Theoccurrence of cancer can be predicted by the method of the computer so that people can take timely and effectivemeasures to prevent the occurrence of cancer. In this paper, the occurrence of cancer is predicted by the meansof Radial Basis Function Neural Network Optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization. The neural networkparameters to be optimized include the weight vector between network hidden layer and output layer, andthe threshold of output layer neurons. The experimental data were obtained from the Wisconsin breast cancerdatabase. A total of 12 experiments were done by setting 12 different sets of experimental result reliability. Thefindings show that the method can improve the accuracy, reliability and stability of cancer prediction greatlyand effectively.     

Lung Lesion Detection in CT Scan Images Using the Fuzzy Local Information Cluster Means (FLICM) Automatic Segmentation Algorithm and Back Propagation Network Classification

Lung cancer is a frequently lethal disease often causing death of human beings at an early age because of uncontrolled cell growth in the lung tissues. The diagnostic methods available are less than effective for detection of cancer. Therefore an automatic lesion segmentation method with computed tomography (CT) scans has been developed. However it is very difficult to perform automatic identification and segmentation of lung tumours with good accuracy because of the existence of variation in lesions. This paper describes the application of a robust lesion detection and segmentation technique to segment every individual cell from pathological images to extract the essential features. The proposed technique based on the FLICM (Fuzzy Local Information Cluster Means) algorithm used for segmentation, with reduced false positives in detecting lung cancers. The back propagation network used to classify cancer cells is based on computer aided diagnosis (CAD).     

Cancer: More of polygenic disease and less of multiple mutations? A quantitative viewpoint

The focus of cancer research is on cancer‐specific mutations, with most clinical trials involving targeted drugs. Huge numbers of DNA lesions and tumor resistance events, in each of the >10¹³ cells of a human individual, form a striking contrast to the low, and also very narrow, cancer incidence window (10^?1‐10⁰). A detailed consideration of these quantitative observations seems to question the present paradigm, while suggesting that a systemic regulatory network mechanism is a stronger determinant for overt cancer disease, as compared with cancer‐specific gene products. If we shall ever achieve major improvements in survival, we must gain understanding of this systemic network, rather than targeting therapy to a limited set of molecules or mutations. This may give us new opportunities for development of highly potent therapeutic tools. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

Explaining Perceived Priorities in Women with Breast Cancer: A Qualitative Study

Objective: Cancer is a stressful event in life, and the dreadful impact and problems created for patients and families by cancer negatively affect their quality of life. Therefore, regarding the increasing number of cancer patients and the nature of this disease, the need to recognize and understand the priorities and problems of patients after the diagnosis of cancer is of high importance. This study was designed and implemented with the aim of identifying the perceived priorities of women with breast cancer. Methods: This study is a qualitative research of content analysis type. To collect data, purposeful sampling and deep semi-structured individual interviews were used. The subjects were women with breast cancer who visited the Breast Disease Research Center of Shahid Motahari Clinic in Shiraz, and the data were saturated after 15 interviews. The four criteria presented by Lincken and Guba were used to evaluate the validity and reliability. To analyze the qualitative data, conventional qualitative data analysis and MAXQDA10 software were used. Two themes were obtained in the assessment of interviews and analysis of data: 1) Supportive relief; 2) Therapeutic support. Results: Some of the participants highlighted the role of social and family support in coping with the disease, and considered social communication and continued support in the form of empathic relationship as a turning point in their lives. The absence of a fertility specialist in the cancer treatment system was the main complaint of most participants. The results showed that receiving support from family and the healthcare system is the most important perceived priorities in breast cancer patients. Conclusion: The results of this study show the importance of social support as a perceived priority in breast cancer patients to improve their quality of life. Development and reinforcement of the supportive network seem to be essential to provide the best possible help to these patients.     

The requirements of a specialist Prostate Cancer Unit: a discussion paper from the European School of Oncology

The widely recognised benefits of a multidisciplinary approach to treating cancer may be particularly important in prostate cancer, where there are so many treatment options to choose from. It offers patients the best chance of receiving high-quality medical procedures administered by a team of specialists in prostate disease, which is able to tailor treatment and observational strategies to their needs, and ensure access to specialist counselling, supportive care and rehabilitation. This article proposes Prostate Cancer Units as the most suitable structures for organising specialist multidisciplinary care for patients at all stages, from newly diagnosed to advanced disease, including preventing and managing the main complications, whether physical, emotional or psychological, arising from the disease and its treatment. Following the German example with prostate cancer, the British example with urological malignancies and the European breast cancer units, this article proposes general recommendations and mandatory requirements for Prostate Cancer Units, with a view to laying the basis for a network of certified units across Europe. Such a network could help improve standards of care throughout the region, providing patients, practitioners and health authorities with a means of identifying high-quality units and providing a system of quality control and audit. The article is intended as a contribution to the debate within the European uro-oncologic community on the best way to organise prostate cancer care.     

卵巢癌患者血液高凝状态临床研究进展

卵巢癌患者的静脉血栓发生率远高于其他妇科肿瘤,约20%以上的卵巢癌患者存在高凝状态。肿瘤可导致血液高凝状态,而凝血功能的过度激活也极大地促进肿瘤的进展,是影响患者预后的重要因素。近年来,高凝状态逐渐成为卵巢癌研究领域的新热点,本文将对卵巢癌患者高凝状态的形成机制、临床意义及相关治疗进展进行综述。     

A computerised cancer registration network in the Veneto region, north-east of Italy: a pilot study.

A cancer registration network based on computerised coded diagnoses has been tested in the Veneto region, north-east Italy, with the goal of estimating cancer incidence during 1987-89. The results of the pilot study based on a population of 1,449,513 (33.1% of the total population of the region) indicate that the computer-assisted system successfully ascertained 61.3% of the cases. The quality indices appear to be close to those from other cancer registries in Europe. The increasing availability of computerised coded information from hospitals, pathology departments and death certificates can provide an important contribution to cancer registration, thus reducing the amount of manual work and consequently allowing cancer registration on larger populations at reduced costs.