外固定支架治疗合并髁部骨折的胫骨干复杂骨折

目的 探讨合并髁部骨折的胫骨干复杂（C2、C3型）骨折的外固定支架手术治疗方法及临床效果评价。方法 对1999年1月-2004年1月通过手术治疗的累及胫骨近、远端骨折的42例胫骨干粉碎性骨折患者的治疗结果进行分析。按AO／ASIF原则分类，胫骨干骨折均为C2型（多段骨折）、C3型（不规则）骨折；累及踝关节19例，累及膝关节23例；手术采用简单内固定加外固定架固定及单纯外固定架固定。结果 42例患者全部获随访，功能满意35例（83％），可6例（14％），不满意1例（2％）。结论 通过外固定支架的方法可使合并髁部骨折的胫骨干复杂（C2、C3型）骨折最大限度地恢复胫骨与腓骨骨的相对长度、胫骨管状结构重建、关节面的平整、膝-踝关节面的平行对称关系，术后配合合理的康复锻炼，能使膝、踝关节功能达到最大的恢复。     

External skeletal fixation of the tibial shaft fractures

AIM: To present the possibility of a succesfful use of external skelatal fixation in treating the open and closed tibial shaft fractures with Mitkovi?'s external fixator. METHODS: External fixation was used in 115 patients with 118 fresh tibial shaft fractures, 82 males (71.3%) and 33 females (28.7%), average age 43.92 years (16-84). Open tibial shaft fractures were present in 37 (31.36%). All the fractures were treated with Mitkovi?'s external fixator type M 20. RESULTS: The results of external fixation were excellent or good in 94.07% of the cases, and bad in 5.08%. Pin tract infection appeared in 7 (5.93%) patients. In only 3 cases an external fixator was removed and treatment continued with the functional braces. Nonunion occurred in 6 (5.08%) patients, of which 4 were with open fractures (2 Gustilo type IIIB, 1 Gustilo type IIIA, 1 Gustilo type II) and 2 with the segment fractures. Compartment syndrome was observed in 1 (0.85%) patient with closed fracture. Malunion was found in 2 (1.69%) patients. CONCLUSION: External fixation of tibial shaft fractures is a simple and effective method to enable the safe healing of fractures, early mobilization of the patients, early weight-bearing, as well as early rehabilitation. Fixation of tibial shaft fractures was unilateral with convergent pins orientation, and there was also a possibility of compression and distraction.     

桡骨远端复杂关节内骨折两种治疗策略疗效分析

目的 比较研究锁定加压钢板(LCP)与克氏针结合外固定支架治疗桡骨远端复杂关节内骨折的疗效及适应证. 方法 分别以LCP和克氏针结合外固定支架治疗复杂的桡骨远端关节内骨折共98例,对术后手的握持力、腕关节各方向活动度等方面进行回顾性评估和比较,初步评价其临床疗效. 结果 随访4～20个月,平均12.4个月,均获得骨折愈合.参照1990年纽约骨科医院腕关节评估标准,对于AO/ASIF分型C1、C2型骨折,LCP组与克氏针结合外固定支架组疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),C3型骨折克氏针结合外固定支架疗效优越(P<0.05).结论对于闭合性桡骨远端C1、C2型骨折,可选择掌侧LCP或克氏针结合外固定支架固定.而对于远端粉碎严重的C3型骨折,选择克氏针结合外固定支架疗效相对优越.     

有限内固定结合外固定架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的回顾性研究有限内固定结合外固定架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的治疗效果。方法选取笔者医院2010年11月~2015年9月采用克氏针对骨折端进行有限内固定结合外固定架治疗22例桡骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折,按AO/ASIF分型,C1型4例,C2型10例,C3型8例,通过术后随访检查腕关节功能恢复情况及影像学资料(桡骨高度、掌倾角、尺偏角),评定该方法的疗效。结果本组22例患者均获随访,随访时间4~16个月,按Gartland等评分标准评定,优10例,良9例,可2例,差1例,优良率86.4%。结论有限内固定结合外固定架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折能取得较好的疗效。     

C型肱骨髁间骨折32例治疗分析

目的探讨成人肱骨髁间骨折手术治疗方法和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我科1997年8月~2008年12月收治C型肱骨髁间骨折32例的临床资料,骨折类型按AO/ASIF分类为:C1型11例,C2型14例,C3型7例。全部采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路,双侧重建钢板固定治疗。结果32例全部获得6~24个月随访,随访期内无内固定松动、断裂,无尺神经损伤,骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间4.8个月。按照Gasse-banm评定标准,优21例,良8例,可3例;优良率90.6%。结论C型肱骨髁间骨折解剖复位、坚强内固定有利于早期功能锻炼和关节功能恢复。     

组合式外固定器治疗胫骨远端开放性骨折的临床应用

目的探讨组合式外固定器治疗胫骨远端开放性骨折的疗效。方法 2007年3月—2008年9月,对20例胫骨远端开放性骨折应用组合式外固定器治疗。结果 20例患者获12～30月(平均18个月)随访,其骨折及创面获得愈合。术后并发症:2例有针道明显感染,2例有严重的踝关节活动时疼痛,1例皮瓣坏死后延迟愈合。结论组合式外固定器治疗胫骨远端开放性骨折,手术操作简单易行,标准化、程序化操作性强,手术风险低且疗效确切。     

克氏针结合外固定支架与锁定加压钢板对桡骨远端复杂关节内骨折关节功能恢复比较

目的探讨克氏针结合外固定支架与锁定加压钢板对桡骨远端复杂关节内骨折的疗效。方法78例桡骨远端复杂关节内骨折患者按照手术方式不同分为克氏针组(42例)和钢板组(36例)。克氏针组采用克氏针结合外固定支架,钢板组采用锁定加压钢板固定治疗。比较两组患者骨密度变化、骨折愈合、腕关节功能恢复情况及并发症发生率。结果克氏针组与钢板组愈合率、骨折愈合时间、桡骨缩短程度、骨密度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。C1、C2型患者:克氏针组、钢板组手术前后各时段腕关节功能评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);C3型患者:克氏针组腕关节功能评分明显低于钢板组,两组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。克氏针组和钢板组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论克氏针结合外固定支架治疗C3型骨折患者疗效明显优于锁定加压钢板。     

3D导航下经皮骶髂关节螺钉内固定联合外固定架治疗Tile B/C型骨盆骨折

目的探讨3D导航下经皮骶髂关节螺钉内固定联合外固定架治疗Tile B/C型骨盆骨折临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年3月—2016年5月解放军武汉总医院骨科收治的18例Tile B/C型骨盆骨折患者资料,其中男性11例,女性7例;年龄18~63岁,平均35.5岁。骨盆骨折Tile B/C型分型中:B1型7例,B2型5例,B3型2例;C1型3例,C2型1例。18例患者骨盆后环骶髂复合体损伤均在3D导航下经皮骶髂关节螺钉内固定,前环均采用组合式外固定架固定。结果所有患者手术切口均甲级愈合;术后1例患者第3天复查出现外固定架松动,X线片示耻骨联合分离至术前,再次入手术室行前环切开复位钢板螺钉内固定术;1例患者出院1个月后复查发现外固定架松动,X线片示双侧耻骨上下支骨折无明显移位,一侧骶髂关节螺钉脱出钉道约1.0cm,重新调紧外固定架,3个月后拆除为固定架患者功能恢复良好;余患者内外固定效果稳定。术后骨折复位质量依据Matta放射学标准评定:优10例,良6例,可1例,优良率为88.9%。术后3个月拆除外固定架行X线、CT三维重建均显示耻骨联合无分离,骨折愈合良好,除1例骨盆前环更换固定方式未进行后期随访外,余17例患者术后均获10~24个月(平均18.6个月)随访,末次随访时根据Majeed评分标准评定骨盆功能:优10例,良7例,优良率为100%。结论 3D导航下经皮骶髂关节螺钉内固定联合外固定架治疗Tile B/C型骨盆骨折是一种安全、有效、操作简便的手术方法。     

平行加压钢板内固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折的疗效观察

 目的 分析平行加压钢板内固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾分析2007-06至2014-08收治的肱骨远端C型骨折65例资料。按照肱骨远端骨折AO分型:C₁型24例,C₂型32例,C₃型9例;手术选用肱三头肌-肘肌瓣入路;采用平行加压钢板内固定,强调最大限度地固定远端骨折块、并在骨折髁上水平进行加压的治疗原则。结果 65例均得到随访,随访时间9～18个月,平均12个月;骨折愈合时间8～20周,平均16周;康复使用CPM机进行有计划的肘关节锻炼;按照MEPS肘关节功能评分标准:优20例,良37例,可6例,差2例,总优良率87.6%。并发异位骨化(HO)2例,创伤性关节炎2例,尺神经牵拉伤2例,伤口轻度感染延期愈合3例。结论 平行加压钢板内固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折,提供了良好的力学稳定结构,使骨折内固定坚固、可靠,允许肘关节早期功能康复练习,肘关节功能恢复较为满意。
     

桡骨远端粉碎性骨折动态及静态外固定支架治疗疗效分析

目的探讨外固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效,比较动态外固定和静态外固定的疗效差异。方法选择2007年1月～2010年12月我院收治的桡骨远端粉碎性骨折患者78例为研究对象,按收治日期随机分为动态外固定组（46例）,即外固定支架固定3周后对球面关节进行部分解锁、允许腕关节活动;静态外固定组（32例）,为外固定支架球面关节一直锁定、腕关节固定。两组患者均在入院后2天内行手法复位、外固定支架固定,部分患者加植骨及克氏针固定;外固定架固定6～8周,骨折愈合后拆除。术后6个月采用Dienst评定标准评估腕关节功能。结果外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折有较高的优良率,动态固定组患者临床疗效优良率为91.30%,显著优于静态固定组患者（P〈0.05）。结论动态外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折固定可靠、功能锻炼早及恢复满意,值得临床推广应用。     

低温环境下羊肢体枪伤骨折早期三种固定方法的疗效对比

目的对比观察低温环境下羊肢体枪伤骨折后,采用三种不同固定方法的疗效。方法新疆绵羊15只,置于野外-25℃低温环境3h后,以77式手枪枪击一侧小腿,致胫骨中段骨折,伤后6h清创,骨折分别采用石膏外固定、外固定器固定和钢板内固定,然后连续观察伤口、骨折愈合和伤肢膝关节活动情况。结果钢板内固定组伤口愈合好,无感染;石膏及外固定器固定组,部分伤口及外固定针道有分泌物,培养有细菌生长。X线片见钢板内固定组骨折对线对位及愈合最好,外固定器组次之,石膏固定组最差。病理观察三个组均无骨髓炎,相比之下钢板内固定组骨生长及骨重建最快,石膏组最慢。骨折固定方法对肢体关节活动度及肌萎缩的影响,石膏组最大,钢板内固定组最小。结论低温环境下肢体枪伤骨折早期钢板内固定并一期闭合伤口,不仅不会增加伤道感染,相反还可以防止感染的发生,有利于伤口及骨折的愈合。     

单臂外固定架治疗儿童胫腓骨远端骨折

目的探讨单臂外固定器固定在儿童胫腓骨远端骨折治疗中的可行性及其并发症的防治,提高对儿童该类骨折的治疗水平。方法采用单臂外固定器固定治疗儿童胫骨或胫腓骨远端骨折23例,其中男性17例,女性6例;年龄2～13岁,平均年龄5岁7个月。开放性骨折8例。结果随访2～4年。23例均未见骨折不愈合及畸形愈合。按照Paley骨折愈合标准评分:优13例,良7例,中3例;优良率87%。其中发生延迟愈合5例,6例有针道感染征象,5例有螺钉部分松动,4例行超踝关节固定患儿术后踝关节功能受限,恢复较差。结论采用单臂外固定器固定治疗儿童胫腓骨远端骨折是一种安全、简便的固定方法,软组织损伤轻,骨折端血运破坏少,骨折临床愈合快,并允许早期关节活动及负重练习,减少了关节功能障碍的发生,适用于几乎所有类型的儿童胫腓骨骨折,尤其是合并严重软组织损伤修复后需长期换药或合并血管、神经损伤者;但对于合并有严重骨质疏松、广泛皮肤病变,及因为年龄或其他因素不能配合术后管理的患儿应慎用。     

囊内复位手术治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨囊内复位在桡骨远端粉碎性骨折手术治疗中的应用和临床效果。方法2003年1月-2005年10月收治37例粉碎l生桡骨远端骨折患者，按AO原则分类，采用囊内复位技术进行治疗，根据不同的骨折类型分别采用锁定加压钢板内固定及外固定架固定，治疗效果通过腕关节功能改善及x线片检测进行评价。结果37例患者全部获得随访，x线片显示骨折均愈合满意。采用Gartland和Werley评分系统评估腕关节功能，优26例，良8例，中2例，差1例，优良率92％。结论切开囊内复位治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折，有利于骨折更快愈合和腕关节功能的恢复。     

内、外固定结合治疗合并髁部骨折的股骨干复杂骨折

目的 探讨合并髁部骨折的股骨干复杂骨折(A0 C2、C3型)的外固定支架手术治疗方法及后续治疗的临床效果评价.方法 对2001年1月-2007年1月通过手术治疗的累及股骨髁骨折的42例股骨干粉碎性骨折患者的治疗结果进行分析.按AO/ASIF原则分类,股骨干中远端骨折分别为C2型(多段骨折)18例,C3型(不规则)骨折24例.手术采用简单内固定加外固定架固定C3型,单纯外固定架固定C2型;4例采用续贯固定.结果 42例患者全部获随访,按Kotmert股骨远端骨折功能评价标准,膝关节功能满意35例(83%),可6例(14%),不满意1例(2%).结论 通过外固定支架的方法治疗合并髁部骨折的股骨干复杂骨折(A0 C2、C3型)可最大限度地恢复股骨的相对长度,且便于在术后对股骨关节面与股骨干纵轴进行水平和纵向调整,使其与对侧股骨中下段达到解剖平行对称关系;术后配合合理的康复锻炼,能使膝关节功能得到最大的恢复.股骨管状结构重建在此类骨折的治疗中应受到重视.     

External fixation combined with limited internal fixation in the treatment of pilon tibia fractures

BACKGROUND/AIM: Intraarticular fractures of the tibial plafond (pilon fractures) belong to the group of most severe fractures. They are usually caused by high-energy trauma and frequently associated with a marked soft-tissue damage. Surgical treatment has replaced the traditional nonoperative treatment. The aim of this study was to present the results of the treatment of distal tibial intraarticular fracture by the use of internal fixation, as well as the combination of minimal internal fixation and external fixation. METHODS: The study included 47 patients with pilon tibia fractures who went through at the Clinic for Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, Nis (1995-2004). Within the analayzed group there were 33 (70.2%) males and 14 (29.8%) females. The patients mean age was 45.8 years. In the first group, which consisted of 22 patients, open reduction and internal fixation of both the tibia and the fibula was performed in the two separate incisions. The second group consisted of 25 patients managed with external fixation by external fixator "Mitkovi?" with limited internal fixation. Besides external fixation, a minimal internal fixation was performed by the use of Kirschner wires and screws. The patients were followed-up inside a 24-months-period. Results. The obtained was a substantially high number of complications after open reduction and internal fixation in the group of patients. There was no difference in a long-term clinical outcome. Postoperative osteitis, as the most severe complication in the management of closed pilon tibia fractures, was not registered in the second group. CONCLUSION: Considering the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that external fixation by the "Mitkovi?" external fixator with the minimal internal fixation is a satisfactory method for the tratment of fractures of the tibial plafond causing less complications than internal fixation.     

Ipsilateral fibular transfer for a large tibial defect caused by a gunshot injury: case report

Segmental bony defects in open fractures of the tibia are bridged with bone grafting, free vascularized fibular grafts, or an external ring fixator. A 33-year-old man sustained a gunshot injury to his left leg, resulting in Gustillo type IIIB open fractures of the tibia and fibula. The tibia had a segmental massive defect of 19 cm in the midshaft. Debridement and immediate application of an Ilizarov external fixator were performed. The midportion of the ipsilateral fractured fibula served as a bridging vascularized graft for the tibial defect. Good bony union and fibular hypertrophy were obtained. Use of a fractured fibula from a zone previously injured by a gunshot has not been reported. This case demonstrates the successful transfer of a fractured fibula for the bridging of an ipsilateral tibial defect caused by a gunshot injury.     

内固定结合铰链式外固定支架治疗复杂肘关节骨折

目的探讨铰链式外固定支架结合内固定治疗复杂肘关节骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年5月~2015年3月收治的复杂肘关节骨折患者46例,26例行内固定结合外固定支架治疗(外固定支架组),其中肘关节"恐怖三联征"12例,后孟氏骨折6例,经鹰嘴骨折脱位8例;20例行内固定结合可调节支具外固定治疗(可调节支具组),其中肘关节"恐怖三联征"10例,后孟氏骨折5例,经鹰嘴骨折脱位5例。所有患者均行切开复位内固定术,外固定支架组结合铰链式外固定支架固定,可调节支具组术后采用可调节支具外固定。末次随访时采用Mayo肘关节功能评分(MEPS)评定肘关节功能。结果所有患者获得术后10~24个月(平均16.8个月)随访,所有患者骨折均获骨性愈合,外固定支架组愈合时间为(12.6±2.4)周,可调节支具组愈合时间(13.8±3.6)周,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。外固定支架组肘关节平均屈伸范围为129.98°±12.59°,前臂平均旋转范围为142.15°±15.35°,MEPS评分平均为91分(58~96分),优21例,良2例,可2例,差1例,优良率为88.5%。可调节支具组肘关节平均屈伸范围为106.98°±10.36°,前臂平均旋转范围为121.32°±17.67°,MEPS评分平均为82分(55~92分),优10例,良4例,可2例,差4例,优良率为70.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论内固定结合铰链式外固定架可以使肘关节获得更好的功能恢复。     

War injuries of the extremities: twelve-year follow-up data

BACKGROUND: More than 75% of all injuries in modern wars are injuries of the extremities, usually with highly contaminated wounds and major soft tissue destruction. In this review, we present the late functional results for 35 of 41 wounded patients who sustained solitary war injuries of the extremities with open fractures. METHODS: During a 6-month period from August 1991 to February 1992, of a total of 1,050 injured patients, 49 wounded patients with isolated open fractures of the extremities were treated in General Hospital Nova Gradiska (Nova Gradiska, Croatia). The mean age was 34 years (range, 17-85 years); 44 wounded patients (90%) were male and 37 (76%) were soldiers. With primary amputations for 8 (16%) of 49 injured patients, external fixation was performed for 27 wounded patients (66%); primary internal fixation was applied for eight wounded patients (19.5%). After 12 years, 35 (85%) of the injured patients were available for evaluation concerning (a) fractured bone nonunion, (b) osteomyelitis, (c) late amputation, (d) nerve palsy, and (e) function. RESULTS: Osteomyelitis occurred for five patients (12%), only one with primary external fixation. In two cases of delayed conversion of external fixation to internal fixation, osteomyelitis occurred, requiring external fixator restoration. This has been no recurrence of osteomyelitis in the past 5 years and, after 12 years, more than three-fourths of wounded patients showed no or mild reduction of function of related proximal and distal joints. According to Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living scores, grade B was found for only two wounded patients, with grade A for the others. CONCLUSION: The application of external fixation is the first and definitive choice of treatment for war-related open fractures of extremities, producing good late functional results. Conversion of external fixation to internal fixation leads to osteomyelitis, demanding another operation and application of secondary external fixation.     

内外联合固定治疗不稳定性骨盆骨折

目的探讨切开复位内固定结合骨盆外固定架在不稳定性骨盆骨折治疗中的应用及效果。方法对2003年12月~2013年12月获得随访的29例不稳定性骨盆骨折患者进行回顾性分析,男性18例,女性11例;年龄18~57岁,平均32.5岁。按Tile分型的不稳定性骨盆骨折,均采用切开复位内固定结合外固定架技术治疗不稳定性骨盆骨折。结果随访6~18个月,29例均获得骨性愈合,恢复原来工作。术后功能评定按Majeed评分标准:优18例,良8例,可3例。结论切开复位内固定结合外固定架固定技术是治疗不稳定性骨盆骨折的有效方法。     

多功能外固定支架结合腓骨内固定治疗胫骨极远端近关节面部位骨折

目的：分析和观察多功能外固定支架结合腓骨内固定治疗胫骨极远端近关节面部位骨折的疗效。方法：采用多功能外固定支架结合腓骨切开复位内固定进行外固定治疗。结果：17例病人经过平均13个月随访全部骨性愈合,平均愈合时间4个月,去除外固定支架时间平均5个月。1例病人针道深部慢性感染,窦道刮除后置管闭合冲洗痊愈。2例病人术后3处针道浅部感染,换药、抗炎愈合。所有病人踝关节、趾间关节功能良好,无畸形。结论：多功能外固定支架结合腓骨内固定治疗胫骨极远端近关节面部位骨折操作简单,效果佳,愈合快。