液相色谱-串联质谱法检测水中微囊藻毒素LR和RR

目的:建立水中微囊藻毒素LR和RR的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。方法:水样经C18固相萃取小柱富集,甲醇洗脱,浓缩后,经XTerra MS C18(2.1×150 mm,5μm)柱进行色谱分离,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式对微囊藻毒素进行检测,外标法定量。结果:微囊藻毒素LR和RR的检出限分别为0.002μg/L和0.001μg/L,其加标回收率分别为84.6%～90.6%和86.6%～91.2%,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。结论:该方法用水量少,简便、快速、准确,适用于水中微囊藻毒素LR和RR的检测。     

Phenolics and abscisic acid identified in acacia honey comparing different SPE cartridges coupled with HPLC-PDA

The major components of honey are sugar and water, but some phenolic compounds may be responsible for honey quality. We investigated the effects of four reversed-phase (RP) and four reversed-phase and anion-exchange (RP-AE) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges as a pre-concentration technique for honey phenolics. Eleven acacia honey samples were collected from different apiaries of China and their levels of phenolics and abscisic acid were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our results reveal that RP-AE SPE cartridges are superior to RP SPE cartridges for the pre-concentration of honey phenolics. The improved pre-concentration effect of RP-AE SPE cartridges may be a novel finding of our research. The Strata-X-A cartridge may be used in the concentration of low content phenolics of complex food matrices. We identified cis-trans-abscisic acid and 19 phenolics occurring in acacia honey samples. Seven phenolic compounds and abscisic acid were identified in almost all samples, representing 50% of total phenolics. Abscisic acid possesses the highest average content of 146.0 μg/100 g, and pinobanksin also presented the highest average of 53.1 μg/100 g among all flavonoids. Moreover, we infer that abscisic acid could be the solid ingredient for adulteration identification and quality control of acacia honey.     

超高效液相色谱-二极管距阵检测器法同时测定水中7种有机酚

目的:建立水中7种有机酚类污染物的超高效液相色谱-二极管距阵检测器测定方法。方法:水样经OasisHLB小柱富集,利用ACQUITY UPLCBEH C8(50 mm×2.1 mm×1.7μm)色谱柱分离,以甲醇和0.1%乙酸溶液为流动相进行梯度淋洗,流速0.25 ml/min,采用PDA检测器,在波长275 nm和303 nm进行测定,外标法定量。结果:7种酚类化合物在0.05 mg/L～5.0 mg/L浓度范围呈线性关系,其相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为15.0μg/L～25.0μg/L,方法回收率在86.9%～104.1%,相对标准差均小于5%。结论:该法灵敏、高效、准确,适用于水中七种酚类污染物的测定。     

固相萃取GC-MS测定饮用水中8种亚硝胺化合物

目的 建立同时测定饮用水中8种亚硝胺化合物的方法.方法 水样中加入内标物,用椰壳炭固相萃取柱进行富集、净化和浓缩,气相色谱—质谱(GC-MS)法分析,内标法定量.结果 8种亚硝胺化合物在(10～250)ng/L的线性范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r＞0.998),方法检出限在(1.26～3.00)ng/L,定量限在(4....     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱荧光法同时测定辣椒面中罗丹明B和罗丹明123

目的:建立固相萃取-高效液相色谱荧光法同时测定辣椒面中罗丹明B和罗丹明123的分析方法。方法:样品经甲醇/水溶液(1∶1,V/V)提取,过Strata-X-CW固相萃取小柱净化,用Kromasil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm×5μm)以含0.1%甲酸(V/V)的乙腈/水为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,荧光检测器测定,罗丹明B采用λex556 nm,λem581 nm,罗丹明123采用λex518 nm,λem542 nm检测,外标法定量。结果:罗丹明B在2.0μg/L～100.0μg/L和罗丹明123在1.0μg/L～50.0μg/L范围均具有良好的线性(R2>0.9994),2种待测物的回收率在94.5%～104.6%范围,RSD均小于5.0%,最低定量检出限在1.0μg/kg～2.0μg/kg范围。结论:该方法具有前处理简单,梯度洗脱分离效果和重现性好等优点,能满足实际工作的需要。     

全自动固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中6种苯氧羧酸类除草剂

目的 建立全自动固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检测水中6种苯氧羧酸类除草剂的方法.方法 取水样1L,加抗坏血酸除余氯,经浓盐酸调节pH＜1.0,加D3-2,4 二氯苯氧乙酸(D3-2,4-D)内标后混匀,经全自动固相萃取仪上HLB 固相萃取柱萃取,用二氯甲烷洗脱固相萃取柱上吸附的待测物,洗脱液氮吹至1 ml,用三甲基氢氧化...     

同位素稀释-气相色谱串联质谱法测定啤酒中4种亚硝胺类化合物

目的 建立啤酒中4种N-亚硝胺类化合物（N-亚硝基二甲胺、N-亚硝基二乙胺、N-亚硝基二丙胺、N-亚硝基二苯胺）的同位素稀释固相萃取-气相色谱串联质谱测定方法。 方法 样品经活性炭固相萃取小柱富集、二氯甲烷洗脱,洗脱液经氮吹浓缩定容后,采用INNOWAX毛细管色谱柱分离,多反应监测（MRM）模式检测,同位素稀释内标法定量。 结果 各物质在5 μg/L~200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9995。方法的检出限为0.03-0.10 μg/L,定量限为0.10~0.33 μg/L。不同水平的加标回收率为72.1%~100.3%,相对标准偏差为1.5%~9.5%（n=6）。 结论 该方法操作简单,灵敏度和准确度高,适用于啤酒中4种N-亚硝胺类化合物的测定。     

吹扫捕集/气相色谱-质谱法同时测定饮用水中58种挥发性有机物

目的 建立吹扫捕集/气相色谱-质谱联用(P&T-GC/MS)同时测定饮用水中58种挥发性有机物（VOCs）的方法。方法 应用吹扫捕集技术,水中58种VOCs 经DB - 624色谱柱分离,GC/MS选择离子扫描模式进行分析,以保留时间和特征离子定性,内标法定量。结果 58种VOCs标准曲线的线性关系均≥0.997（环氧氯丙烷为0.985除外),方法检出限0.00041～0.38000 μg/L,定量限0.0014～1.2500 μg/L,回收率75.5%～117.9%,精密度0.6%～12.1%。应用该方法测定20份不同水样,结果分别检出28种痕量VOCs。结论 本方法简单,快速,灵敏、准确,适用于饮用水中多种VOCs的同时检测。     

Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Determination of Amikacin in Water Samples by Solid Phase Extraction and Pre-column Derivatization

This work presents a rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of amikacin in water samples with solid phase extraction and pre-column derivatization. Amikacin residue was extracted from water samples with solid phase extraction cartridge. Then the extraction solution was derivatized with 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride in the presence of triethylamine at 70°C in 20 min. The amikacin derivative was separated on a C₁₈ column and detected by application of UV detection at 238 nm. The limit of detection is 0.2 μg/L with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 and linearity is established over the concentration range from 0 to 500.0 μg/L. Recoveries of the amikacin in three types of water samples are from 87.5 % to 99.6 % and RSDs are 2.1 %–4.5 %. This method can be used for the quantification of amikacin residues in water samples.     

水中13种有机磷农药的固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱测定法

目的 建立水中13种有机磷农药的固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱测定方法.方法 采用石墨化碳.氨基复合型柱对水样进行固相萃取(SPE)后,使用DB-1701P型弹性石英毛细管柱分离,以气相色谱-质谱法测定水中13种有机磷农药(敌敌畏、速灭磷、甲拌磷、二嗪磷、赛福丁已胺磷、乐果、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、杀螟硫磷、对硫磷、稻丰散、杀扑磷、乙硫磷).以二氯甲烷为洗脱溶剂,进样口温度为280℃,柱流量为1.2ml/min.结果 在0.05～2.5mg/L线性范围内,敌敌畏的检出限为0.49μg/L;在0.10-2.5 mg/L线性范围内,速灭磷的检出限为1.4μg/L;在0.05～2.5 mg/L线性范围内,甲拌磷的检出限为0.96μg/L;在0.05-2.5 mg/L线性范围内,二嗪磷的检出限为0.73μg/L;在0.05～2.5 mg/L线性范围内,赛福丁已胺磷的检出限为0.60μg/L;在0.05～2.5mg/L线性范围内,乐果的检出限为1.8μg/L;在0.10～2.5mg/L线性范围内,甲基对硫磷的检出限为2.2μg/L;在0.05～2.5mg/L线性范围内,马拉硫磷的检出限为0.34μg/L;在0.05～2.5mg/L线性范围内,杀螟硫磷的检出限为1.1μg/L;在0.10～2.5mg/L线性范围内,对硫磷的检出限为0.58μg/L;在0.05～2.5mg/L线性范围内,稻丰散的检出限为1.2μg/L;在0.05～2.5 mg/L线性范围内,杀扑磷的检出限为0.77μg/L;在0.50～2.5 mg/L线性范围内,乙硫磷的检出限为0.26μg/L,相关系数均≥0.99.该方法所得的平均回收率为94.40%～100.80%,RSD为4.17%～14.73%.结论 该方法具有操作简便、快速,灵敏度高,结果准确的优点,适用于环境水样中13种有机磷农药的同时测定.

Abstract：

Objective To develop a method for the determination of 13 kinds of organic phosphorus pesticides in the water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with solid phase extraction(SPE).Methods The 13 organic phosphorus pesticide residues,including dichlorvos,mevinphos,phorate,diazinon,propetamphos,ddimethoate,methyl parathion,malathion,fenitrothion,parathion,phenthion,methidathion,ethion,were separated on DB-1701P elastic silica capillary column followed by SPE with carbon-amino group complicated column and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.Methylene dichloride wag ehtion solvent,injection inlet temperature wag 280℃ and column flow rate was 1.2 ml/min.Results The leaner range and limit of detection was 0.05-2.5 mg/L,0.49μg/L for diehlorvos;0.10-2.5 mg/L,1.4μg/L for mevinphos;0.05-2.5 mg/L,0.96μg/L for phorate;0.05-2.5 mg/L,0.73μg/L for diazinon;0.05-2.5 mg/L,0.60μg/L for propemmphos;0.05-2.5 ms/L,1.8μg/L for ddimethoate;0.10-2.5 mg/L,2.2μg/L for methyl parathion;0.05-2.5 mg/L,0.34μg/L for malathion;0.05-2.5 mg/L,1.1μg/L for fenitrothion;0.10-2.5 mg/L,0.58μg/L for parathion;0.05-2.5 mg/L,1.2μg/L for phenthion;0.05-2.5 mg/L,0.77μg/L for methidathion;0.50-2.5 mg/L,0.26μg/L for ethion.For all thirteen organic phosphorus pesticides,the correlation coefficient was above 0.99.The average recovery rates were 94.40%-100.80%and RSDs were found in tlle range of 4.17%-14.73%.Conclusion The method is simple,rapid,sensitive,accurate and applicable to the simultaneous determination of 13 kinds of organic phosphorus pesticide residues in water.     

饮用水中4种氯酚的单液滴微萃取气相色谱-质谱测定方法研究

[目的]研究单液滴微萃取气相色谱-质谱法快速测定饮用水中4种氯酚的最优实验条件。[方法]取50 mL水样,加入内标2,4-二溴酚,经不同条件萃取和衍生后,采用气相色谱-质谱法检测定量。选择单液滴微萃取最佳实验条件,并应用于样本中4种氯酚的测定,再将测定结果与标准方法进行比较。[结果]实验显示最优条件分别为：萃取剂为正己烷-甲苯（1∶1）,衍生剂为N-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺（MTBSTFA）,衍生剂比例为20%,搅拌速度为200 r/min,萃取时间为30 min,溶液离子强度为200 g/L的氯化钠溶液。在上述优化的实验条件下,2-氯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚、五氯酚在0.2~100.0μg/L质量分数范围内,其相关系数分别为0.999 3,0.999 3,0.998 7,0.999 9,检出限分别为0.021、0.018、0.026、0.035μg/L。在1、10、80μg/L三个氯酚水平的平均回收率在85.6%~104.0%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~9.4%。本法测定结果与标准方法比较,无统计学差异。[结论]本研究的优化实验条件下采用单液滴微萃取气相色谱-质谱法步骤简单,快速,与标准方法测定结果一致性高,适用于饮用水中氯酚的快速检测。     

Genotoxic damages in zebrafish submitted to a polymetallic gradient displayed by the Lot River (France)

Genotoxic effects of a polymetallic pollution gradient displayed by the Lot River and one of its tributary have been assessed on zebrafish Danio rerio. Three methods were compared: RAPD-PCR, the comet assay, and 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) formation. The fishes were exposed for 14 days to waters collected from three stations: Joanis, a site polluted by cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) (mean concentrations: 15 μg Cd/L and 550 μg Zn/L), Bouillac (mean concentrations: 0.55 μg Cd/L and 80 μg Zn/L), and Boisse-Penchot, a reference station (mean concentrations:<0.05 μg Cd/L and 7 μg Zn/L). The quantitative RAPD-PCR methodology proved to be sensitive enough to unmask metal genotoxicity after 3 and 7 days of exposure to Joanis water and after 14 days to Bouillac water, whereas the comet assay only detected DNA damages at the most contaminated station (Joanis). The 8-oxodG quantification was not sensitive enough to be used in zebrafish under these environmental conditions.     

固相萃取-分光光度法测定食品和水中亚硝酸盐

目的 建立腌渍蔬菜、肉制品、食盐和水中亚硝酸盐的快速固相萃取净化-分光光度法。方法 1 g粉碎样品加入饱和硼砂溶液,沸水浴15 min提取其中的亚硝酸盐。提取液经0.22 μm有机系滤膜过滤和PRiME HLB固相萃取小柱净化除去其中蛋白质、脂类等杂质后,取过柱液进行重氮偶氮显色反应,于538 nm处进行分光光度测定。水样过膜过柱后直接用于分光光度测定。结果 方法线性范围为0.0080～0.500 μg/ml,以10次空白测定值的3倍相对标准差计算方法检出限,当水样取8 ml时,检出限为0.0032 mg/L;当固体样品称取1g样品时,检出限为0.13 mg/kg。相对标准偏差为0.38%～4.67%,腌菜、肉制品、食盐、水样的加标回收率分别为93.3%～98.4%、88.5%～102%、97.2%～103%和95.6%～98.6%。与国家标准方法比较,测定相对偏差为1.01%～5.31%。结论 该方法简单、快速、准确,适用于腌制蔬菜、肉制品、水和食盐样品中亚硝酸盐快速检测。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定饮用出厂水中202种农药

目的 建立固相萃取(solid phase extraction, SPE)-气相色谱-串联质谱(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, GC-MS/MS)测定饮用出厂水中202种农药的方法。方法 优化了预处理方法,采用填料为二乙烯苯和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚物(divinylbenzene and N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer, HLB)的SPE柱富集1 L水样,3 ml甲醇和15 ml乙酸乙酯洗脱,氮吹定容至1.0 ml后GC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。结果 202种农药在2.5×10³～2.0×10⁵ ng/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数0.9954～0.9999,方法检出限2～20 ng/L。其中181种农药的定量下限(limit of quantitation, LOQ)为10～50 ng/L,回收率为59.5%～119.3%,相对标准偏差为2.1%～42.6%;另有21种农药的LOQ暂时无法确立。结论 该方法准确、灵敏,经实际样品测试,适用于生活饮用水中...     

悬浮固化分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中10种有机磷农药

目的 建立水中10种有机磷农药的悬浮固化分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(DLLME-SFO-GC-MS)。 方法 取10mL水样于离心管中,加0.8g氯化钠,振荡溶解,加入20μL十二醇和500μL乙腈涡旋1 min,4 000 r/min离心5min后,于冰浴中浸泡,待十二醇凝固后转移,室温融化后进行气相色谱-质谱分析。 结果 10种有机磷农药在0.2μg/L～8.0μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数≥0.996,检出限为0.015μg/L～0.047μg/L,回收率在85.3%～103.6%,相对标准偏差为3.9%～10.5%。 结论 本法操作简单,灵敏快速,绿色环保,可满足水样中有机磷农药的检测要求。     

气相色谱法测定土壤中14种有机氯农药

目的:采用气相色谱法建立土壤样品中有机氯农药的检测方法。方法:土壤样品干燥过筛后,对比了旋涡振荡、超声、匀浆三种样品提取方式,采用固相萃取小柱净化,经气相色谱(ECD)检测。结果:超声提取效果优于其他两种提取方式,14种有机氯农药在0.005μg/ml～1.0μg/ml的浓度范围内线性良好(R>0.99);添加浓度在5.0μg/kg、50μg/kg水平下,14种OCPs的平均回收率范围分别为80.2%～112%、80.6%～110%,相对标准偏差范围分别为4.77%～11.3%、1.41%～8.12%,方法检出限为0.80μg/kg～1.51μg/kg。结论:该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,能够满足土壤中有机氯农药残留的检测。     

气相色谱法同时测定水中三卤甲烷、四氯化碳的运用研究

目的：建立水中测定三卤甲烷和四氯化碳含量的顶空毛细管柱气相色谱法,并观察水样中三卤甲烷和四氯化碳各自的分布状况,测出检测限值和三卤甲烷、四氯化碳的平均回收率。方法：参照国内顶空进样标准,采用顶空毛细管柱气相色谱法测定水中三卤甲烷和四氯化碳。结果：标准曲线相关系数范围大于0.999,相对标准偏差介于1.6%~8.2%之间,三卤甲烷的线性范围为2.0μg/L~10.0μg/L,四氯化碳的线性范围为1.0%μg/L~5.0μg/L,两者的检出限分别为0.02μg/L和0.003μg/L,平均回收率为97.5%~104.2%。结论：使用顶空毛细管柱气相色谱法测定水中的三卤甲烷和四氯化碳方便而快捷,结果准确,可靠性佳。     

A critical body residue approach for predicting persistent bioaccumulative toxicant effects on reproduction and population dynamics of meiobenthic copepods

Critical body residues (CBRs) are the measured tissue toxicant concentrations yielding a median dose-response on a dry-weight or lipid-normalized basis. They facilitate management decisions for species protection using tissue analysis. Population CBR is the mean dose yielding 50% population suppression and was predicted here in Amphiascus tenuiremis for fipronil sulfide (FS) using lifetables and the Leslie matrix. Microplate bioassays (ASTM E-2317-14) produced biomass sufficient for dry mass and lipid-normalized CBR estimates of reproduction (fertility) and population growth suppression. Significant FS toxic effects were delayed naupliar development (at ≥0.10?μg?L(-1)), delayed copepodite development (at 0.85?μg?L(-1)), decreased reproductive success (at ≥ 0.39?μg?L(-1)), and decreased offspring production (at 0.85?μg?L(-1)). A reproductive median effective concentration (EC50) of 0.16?μg?L(-1) (95% CI: 0.12-0.21?μg?L(-1)) corresponded to an adult all-sex CBR and lipid-normalized CBR of 0.38?pg FS?·?μg(-1) dry weight (95% CI: 0.27-0.52?pg FS?·?μg(-1)) or 2.8?pg FS?·?μg(-1) lipid (95% CI: 2.2-3.6?pg FS?·?μg(-1)), respectively. Copepod log bioconcentration factor (BCF)?=?4.11?±?0.2. Leslie matrix projections regressed against internal dose predicted fewer than five gravid females in a population by the third generation at 0.39 and 0.85?μg FS?·?L(-1) (i.e., 9.6-10.2?μg FS?·?μg(-1) lipid), and 50% population suppression at a CBR of 1.6?pg FS?·?μg(-1) lipid. This more integrative population CBR as a management tool would fall 1.75 times below the CBR for the single most sensitive endpoint-fertility rate.     

TFA from HFO-1234yf: Accumulation and aquatic risk in terminal water bodies

A next-generation mobile automobile air-conditioning (MAC) refrigerant, HFO-1234yf (CF(3) CF?=?CH(2) ), is being developed with improved environmental characteristics. In the atmosphere, it ultimately forms trifluoroacetic acid (TFA(A); CF(3) COOH), which is subsequently scavenged by precipitation and deposited on land and water as trifluoroacetate (TFA; CF(3) COO(-) ). Trifluoroacetate is environmentally stable and has the potential to accumulate in terminal water bodies, that is, aquatic systems receiving inflow but with little or no outflow and with high rates of evaporation. Previous studies have estimated the emission rates of HFO-1234yf and have modeled the deposition concentrations and rates of TFA across North America. The present study uses multimedia modeling and geographic information system (GIS)-based modeling to assess the potential concentrations of TFA in terminal water bodies over extended periods. After 10 years of emissions, predicted concentrations of TFA in terminal water bodies across North America are estimated to range between current background levels (i.e., 0.01-0.22?μg/L) and 1 to 6?μg/L. After 50 years of continuous emissions, aquatic concentrations of 1 to 15?μg/L are predicted, with extreme concentrations of up to 50 to 200?μg/L in settings such as the Sonoran Desert along the California/Arizona (USA) border. Based on the relative insensitivity of aquatic organisms to TFA, predicted concentrations of TFA in terminal water bodies are not expected to impair aquatic systems, even considering potential emissions over extended periods. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1957-1965. ? 2012 SETAC.     

Measurement of volatile organic compounds in bottled and tap waters by purge and trap GC–MS: Are drinking water types different?

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including major trihalomethanes (THMs) in bottled and tap waters from Central Missouri were quantified and compared with drinking water guidelines. Tap (n = 34), spring (3 brands, n = 25), purified (8 brands, n = 58), distilled (3 brands, n = 12) and flavored waters (5 brands, n = 34) along with Missouri River water (n = 30), were analyzed by purge and trap gas chromatograph–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) using USEPA method 524.2. The mean recoveries of the internal and surrogates standards were fluorobenzene: 100%, benzene d5-, chloro: 100% and 1,4-dichlorobenzene d4: 96%. Approximately 97% of all drinking water types were found to be safe for human consumption. However, two tap water samples recorded bromodichloromethane concentrations above the 60 μg/L World Health Organization (WHO) limit. Moreover, six tap water samples exceeded both the 80 μg/L USEPA Stage I limit and the 100 μg/L European Community (EC) maximum contaminant concentration (MAC) for total THMs (TTHMs) in drinking water. TTHMs in the water types ranged from 0–322 μg/L (tap), 0.1–0.3 μg/L (spring), 0–7.6 μg/L (purified), 0.1–18.1 μg/L (distilled), and 0–5.7 μg/L (flavored). Kruskal–Wallis Chi square approximation showed significant differences (P < 0.001) in the levels of THMs found in the water types. Principal components (PC1 and PC2) with 97% total variance suggested similarities in most drinking waters except for Boonville and Columbia tap waters. Dendrogram plots of TTHMs and Σ VOCs revealed two principal clusters with Columbia and Boonville tap waters in a different cluster and also distant from other water types.