Spectrum of MRI findings in clinical athletic pubalgia

Athletic pubalgia is a frequently encountered syndrome for clinicians who treat active patients participating in a wide variety of athletic endeavors worldwide. Pathologies associated with this clinical scenario span anatomically from the pubic symphysis to the hip and include a myriad of poorly understood and incompletely described musculoskeletal entities, many of which are centered about the pubic symphysis and its tendinous attachments. In this article, we discuss the relevant anatomy and pathophysiology for the most frequently encountered of these disorders, using magnetic resonance (MR) images as a guide. We describe an MR imaging protocol tailored to clinical athletic pubalgia. We then review reproducible MRI patterns of pathology about the pubic symphysis, the rectus abdominis/adductor aponeurosis and the inguinal ring, as well as a group of clinically confounding entities remote from the symphysis but visible by MRI.     

Ischiofemoral impingement syndrome: Spectrum of MRI findings in comparison to normal subjects

Objective

To evaluate the MRI findings of patients with ischiofemoral impingement in comparison to healthy subjects.

Materials and methods

The study included 34 subjects; 14 patients clinically suspected to have ischiofemoral impingement and twenty volunteer subjects used as a control group. The MRI images were evaluated for both hip joints for two measurable parameters; the ischiofemoral space (IFS) and the quadratus femoris space (QFS). The quadratus femoris muscles were evaluated for; muscle edema, tear, or muscle atrophy. Statistical analysis was performed with the (Minitab Ver.16). The Paired t-test and ANOVA test were used to analyze differences of the distance measurements in each side of the patient group as well as both sides in the control group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine optimal threshold values of IFS and QFS using (MedCalc software, version 12.7.8.0.).

Results

There were statistical differences between affected hip and healthy hip regarding IFS and QFS (P = 0.000) associated with QF muscle changes ranged from focal edema to partial tear in the affected joints.

Conclusion

Ischiofemoral impingement is an uncommon cause of hip pain. Our study illustrates the MR spectrum of IFS, QFS and quadratus femoris muscle abnormalities.     

MRI findings in headbangers

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a mentally retarded adult female who exhibits headbanging behavior are presented. Radiographic changes include enlargment of the diploic space in the parietal and occipital bones, and gray matter loss adjacent to the bony changes. This pattern of injury is compared with skull changes previously reported in headbangers, and neuronal injury seen in boxers (dementia pugilistica) and Minimata disease.     

Spectrum of angiographic findings in aortoarteritis

Angiographic appearances are characteristic, distinctive and a major basis of established criteria in the diagnosis of aortoarteritis. We present a pictorial review of digital subtraction angiography imaging in patients with proven aortoarteritis, based upon 16 years' experience in our institution. Understanding of these angiographic appearances is important for definitive diagnosis, and for evaluation of the extent of the disease in order to plan appropriate further management.     

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis: high-resolution CT findings

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) of the lung is a very rare disease. There are obvious discrepancies in the literature concerning the appearance of LAM on CT scans of the lung. This study adds the imaging findings of 11 patients and demonstrates how the imaging findings changed over time in four patients. Twenty-two CT examinations, and radiographs that had been obtained close to the CT examinations, of 11 patients with LAM confirmed by open lung biopsy were retrospectively evaluated with particular attention to the size of cystic lesions and wall thickness. Furthermore the CT scans were analysed for the type of pulmonary infiltration process and its distribution, presence or absence of pleural effusion, pneumothorax and lymph node enlargement. Clinical and CT follow-up studies were available in four patients. The CT scans revealed an increase in the interstitial pattern in all patients. Architectural distortion was seen in two patients and cystic lesions were present in all. The size of the cysts varied from small lesions to bullous emphysema. The cystic lesions revealed a wall thickness up to 2 mm but a wall was not perceptible in all. Pneumothorax was seen in only two patients; pleural effusion was seen in two patients. CT examination of patients with LAM reveals neither a uniform nor a pathognomonic appearance. In the early stages of LAM or in cases with interstitial changes the differential diagnosis of centrilobular emphysema or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis seems to be more difficult than most authors believe. Received: 28 July 1997; Revision received: 20 October 1997; Accepted: 25 March 1998     

肺淋巴管肌瘤病-高分辨CT表现

目的分析肺淋巴管肌瘤病（PLAM）的高分辨率CT（HRCT）表现,探讨HRCT对该病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析7例经病理证实的PLAM患者的胸片、胸部常规CT和HRCT表现,所有影像均有2位以上放射科医生共同分析,意见一致。结果胸片诊断PLAM的价值有限,PLAM的CT特征表现为两肺弥漫均匀分布的直径2～10mm含气小囊,HRCT对显示气囊优于常规CT,是诊断本病的必要手段。1例伴有自发性气胸,2例伴乳糜胸,l例合并肺大疱形成。结论PLAM具有特征性的HRCT表现,有经验的放射科医生根据典型HRCT表现可诊断此病,但确诊需病理活检。     

非产后期乳腺炎的MRI表现分析

目的:分析非产后期乳腺炎的MRI表现,旨在提高对本病的认识.方法:回顾性分析30例病理证实为乳腺炎患者的临床资料及MRI表现.结果:增强后1例呈肿块样强化,29例(96.7％)表现为非肿块样强化.其中区域样强化者17例,段样强化7例,局灶性强化3例,线样及弥漫性强化各1例;65.5％(19/2 9)的病变内部强化表现为...     

Joubert 综合征的MRI表现

Joubert 综合征是一种罕见的颅脑先天性发育畸形,国内外鲜见报道.现将本院诊治的6例Joubert 综合征的MRI表现报道如下,以提高对本病的认识. 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 收集本院2008-08-2011-09收治的Joubert综合征患者6例,其中男2例,女4例,年龄5月~3岁,平均1.2岁.6例患者的临床表现不一,发育迟缓5例,反应差3例,双眼外展受限2例,竖头不稳1例,抽搐1例,伴有多指畸形1例.     

Diffusion MRI findings in phenylketonuria

European Radiology - Two patients with phenylketonuria were studied who were under dietary control since infancy, and who were mentally normal. Diffusion MRI was obtained using a spin-echo,...     

肺淋巴管肌瘤病HRCT诊断价值

目的：回顾性分析肺淋巴管肌瘤病的HRCT特征。方法：总结5例经病理证实并行HRCT检查的肺淋巴管肌瘤病，2例行支气管镜肺活检，2例经胸腔镜，1例经皮肺活检确诊。4例行吸气末HRCT扫描，其中1例表现阴性者加扫呼气末HRCT。分析X线胸片、常规CT以及HRCT表现特征。结果：X线胸片3例呈弥漫性网状阴影，1例可见蜂窝状囊腔，1例表现正常；HRCT4例为均匀散在性分布的10—20mm大小的薄壁囊腔，其中2例囊腔之间可见正常肺组织，1例吸气末HRCT正常，而呼气末HRCT可见到“空气潴留征”，提示有小气道狭窄。肺功能检查均有不同程度的阻塞型通气障碍和弥散功能异常。结论：尽管本病的最后确诊要依靠肺活检病理证实，但其HRCT具有较特征性的表现，呼气末HRCT可发现早期小气道狭窄引起的空气潴留，从而指导临床有目的进行纤维支气管镜活检，有助于早期诊断。     

MRI findings in acute cerebellitis

Acute cerebellitis is an inflammatory process involving the cerebellum. We report the clinical, CT and MRI features of four cases and a review of the literature. Bilateral diffuse hemispheric abnormalities represent the most common imaging presentations. Our observations demonstrate the various imaging appearances of acute cerebellitis. Simultaneous involvement of both hemispheres and the vermis has not been reported previously. The development of cerebellar atrophy following an initial normal MR imaging examination is also a new finding. In atypical clinical presentation, MR imaging can lead to the diagnosis. MR imaging findings have, however, no prognostic value.     

MRI findings in bipartite patella

Purpose Bipartite patella is a known cause of anterior knee pain. Our purpose was to detail the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of bipartite patella in a retrospective cohort of patients imaged at our institution. Materials and methods MRI exams from 53 patients with findings of bipartite patella were evaluated to assess for the presence of bone marrow edema within the bipartite fragment and for the presence of abnormal signal across the synchondrosis or pseudarthrosis. Any other significant knee pathology seen at MRI was also recorded. We also reviewed 400 consecutive knee MRI studies to determine the MRI prevalence of bipartite patella. Results Of the 53 patients with bipartite patella 40 (75%) were male; 35 (66%) had edema within the bipartite fragment. Of the 18 with no edema an alternative explanation for knee pain was found in 13 (72%). Edema within the bipartite fragment was the sole finding in 26 of 53 (49%) patients. Bipartite patella was seen in 3 (0.7%) of 400 patients. Conclusion In patients with bipartite patella at knee MRI, bone marrow edema within the bipartite fragment was the sole finding on knee MRI in almost half of the patients in our series.     

Neurosarcoidosis: findings in MRI

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Neurologic manifestations occur usually as a part of the spectrum of the systemic disease. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of patients with neurosarcoidosis (NS). Seven patients with sarcoidosis could be included into the study. All patients had neurological symptoms and were evaluated with MRI revealing a wide spectrum of findings: periventricular and white matter lesions, multiple or solitary supra- and infratentorial brain lesions, leptomeningeal enhancement, involvement of brain nerves and intramedullar lesions. These findings are not specific for sarcoidosis and must be considered with the clinical course of the patient in arriving at the correct diagnosis.     

MRI findings in osmotic myelinolysis

OBJECTIVES: Osmotic myelinolysis is a distinctive clinical syndrome with characteristic CT and MR features. This study was undertaken to determine the MR appearance of these lesions on T1 and T2-weighted, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We describe six patients who presented with deranged serum sodium levels and subsequently developed osmotic myelinolysis. CT and MRI scans were retrospectively reviewed, including the advanced functional MR sequence of DWI with ADC mapping. RESULTS: Both cerebral white matter and pontine lesions were typically hypo and hyper-intense on T1 and T2W sequences respectively. Lesions were mildly hyperintense on isotropic DWI images with elevation of the ADC. CONCLUSION: MRI is superior to CT in depicting lesions in osmotic myelinolysis. DWI with ADC mapping suggests that osmotic myelinolysis is not simply a demyelinating disorder but has similarities to multiple sclerosis.     

Extra-mammary findings in breast MRI

Objectives  

Incidental extra-mammary findings in breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may be benign in nature, but may also represent a metastasis or another important lesion. We aimed to analyse the prevalence and clinical relevance of these unexpected findings.     

Diffusion MRI findings in phenylketonuria

Two patients with phenylketonuria were studied who were under dietary control since infancy, and who were mentally normal. Diffusion MRI was obtained using a spin-echo, echo-planar sequence with a gradient strength of 30 mT/m at 1.5 T. A trace sequence (TR=5700 ms, and TE=139 ms) was used, acquired in 22 s. Heavily diffusion-weighted (b=1000 mm2/s) images, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from automatically generated ADC maps were studied. There were two different patterns in these two patients, restricted and increased diffusion patterns. Restricted diffusion pattern consisted of high-signal on b=1000 s/mm2 images with low ADC values ranging from 0.46 to 0.57x10(-3) mm2/s. Increased diffusion pattern consisted of normal b=1000 s/mm2 images with high ADC values ranging from 1.37 to 1.63x10(-3) mm2/s. It is likely that these values reflected presence of two different histopathological changes in phenylketonuria or reflected different stages of the same disease.     

MRI findings in intramuscular lipomas

Objective. To investigate the spectrum of magnetic resonance (MR) findings of intramuscular lipoma. Design and patients. A retrospective review of 17 consecutive cases of intramuscular lipoma examined with MR imaging was undertaken. Features assessed included the size and margin of the mass; the homogeneity of the contents, including the presence or absence of intermingled muscle fibers; whether the mass was uninodular or multinodular; and the presence of linear structures between and within the tumor nodules. Three well-differentiated liposarcomas and one dedifferentiated liposarcoma associated with lipoma-like components were also studied to allow a comparison of the benign and malignant lesions. Results. The diameter of the intramuscular lipomas varied from less than 3 cm to more than 10 cm. Ten of the intramuscular lipomas were homogeneous but the remaining seven were inhomogeneous with intermingled muscle fibers within the mass. The intramuscular lipomas were well defined in 12 cases, and infiltrative in five. In one case the margin of the lesion showed prominent infiltration of the surrounding muscle tissue. Of the 17 cases of intramuscular lipoma, 15 were composed of a single nodule, whereas three of four cases of liposarcoma were composed of multinodular masses. Conclusion. The MR findings of intramuscular lipoma varied from a small, single and homogeneous mass identical to ordinary (superficial) lipoma, to a large, inhomogeneous lesion with an infiltrative margin. The presence of infiltrative margins and intermingled muscle fibers in intramuscular lipoma indicates a benign lesion rather than malignancy. In addition, uninodularity of the mass is helpful in differentiating intramuscular lipoma from well-differentiated liposarcoma. Received: 26 May 1998 Revision requested: 7 August 1998 Revision received: 10 November 1998 Accepted: 16 November 1998     

乳腺MRI检查中的乳腺外病变

目的乳腺MRI检查中的乳腺外偶发病变在本质上可能是良性,但可能也是转移或其他重要病变。本研究的目的是探讨这些偶发病变的发生率与临床的相关性。