单孔腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿斜疝的探讨

目的：探讨单孔腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿斜疝的疗效。方法2013年3-9月,单孔腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿斜疝48例。术前诊断右侧嵌顿疝32例,左侧嵌顿疝16例。经脐切口置入trocar建立气腹,置入Z形腹腔镜,经探查孔置入无损伤钳,探查患侧疝内容物类型、嵌顿程度。腹腔镜下辅以体外手法复位将嵌顿疝复位,观察嵌顿脏器损伤情况。如嵌顿脏器无损伤,行腹腔镜下疝囊高位结扎术。探查对侧如存在隐匿疝则同时处理。结果48例均顺利完成单孔腹腔镜手术。术中探查合并对侧隐匿疝10例。嵌顿疝内容物36例为肠管,8例为卵巢,4例为网膜。手法协助复位均顺利还纳,镜下观察5 min,48例嵌顿脏器均血运良好。单侧疝（38例）手术时间10-18 min,平均15 min;双侧疝（10例）手术时间16-30 min,平均24 min。麻醉清醒后进食,疼痛均能耐受。术后10-15 h（平均12 h）出院。随访3-13个月,无切口感染,无阴囊水肿、血肿等并发症,无复发。结论单孔腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿斜疝不破坏腹股沟管解剖结构,可高位结扎,直视下探查嵌顿疝内容物损伤情况,探查对侧有无隐匿疝。该技术安全、有效、微创,值得推广。     

腹腔镜手术治疗小儿嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝的临床分析（附33例报告）

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术治疗小儿嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝的临床应用价值。方法：回顾分析2013年1月至2014年1月为33例嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝患儿行腹腔镜手术的临床资料。结果：9例麻醉后自动复位,17例腹腔镜下复位,7例难复性嵌顿疝经腹股沟小切口打开疝囊颈束环后腹腔镜下复位,33例复位成功后均行腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术,14例同时行对侧隐匿疝治疗。7例打开疝囊颈束环者,丝线缝合修补并缩窄内环口,2例镜下同期切除阑尾。无一例中转开腹。手术时间平均（19.8±9.9）min,平均住院（3.2±1.1）d。术后无切口感染、阴囊血肿发生。随访3-12个月,无睾丸萎缩、复发等并发症发生。结论：腹腔镜下腹腔探查、嵌顿疝松解术及疝囊高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝安全、简便、暴露充分、微创、并发症少、术后康复快,术中可同时处理对侧隐匿性疝。     

腹腔镜下钩针法疝环闭合术在腹股沟嵌顿疝中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜下钩针法疝环闭合术治疗腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝的可行性及效果。方法选择我院2013年3月～2017年9月因腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝行急诊手术46例。均在全麻后行腹腔镜探查,手法复位或肠钳辅助牵拉复位疝内容物成功者行钩针法疝环闭合术;复位困难者,腹腔镜下用电凝钩或超声刀切开内环口狭窄环,还纳嵌顿肠管,在腹腔内置入针线缝合内环切开处后行钩针法疝环闭合术,若肠管已坏死,在相应部位腹壁做小切口约4 cm行坏死小肠切除术。结果均顺利完成手术。31例通过手法复位或肠钳辅助复位后单纯行钩针法疝环闭合术; 15例腹腔镜下切开内环口松解后复位,缝合内环切开处后行钩针法疝环闭合术,其中5例嵌顿肠管坏死,辅助小切口行坏死小肠切除术。3例发现无症状的隐匿疝,同时行对侧钩针法疝环闭合术。术后血清肿2例(4. 3%),经局部穿刺痊愈,均无出血、感染。随访9～36个月,平均20. 6月,无慢性疼痛,医源性隐睾或睾丸萎缩,1例(2. 2%)复发。结论腹腔镜下钩针法疝环闭合术治疗腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝是安全、可行的,临床疗效确切,可同时发现及处理对侧隐匿性疝。     

腹腔镜手术治疗婴幼儿腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝62例

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术在婴幼儿腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝中的临床应用价值。方法2011年2月-2014年2月采用腹腔镜急诊手术治疗婴幼儿腹股沟嵌顿疝62例,气管插管全麻后腹腔镜辅助手法复位,复位失败于腹股沟外环体表投影1．5 cm小切口,松解嵌顿,均行腹腔镜下内环口高位结扎。结果62例均顺利完成腹腔镜手术：腹腔镜辅助复位49例,手术时间（32．4±11．9）min,住院时间（4．3±1．1）d;腹腔镜嵌顿松解13例,手术时间（52．1±15．4）min,住院时间（5．1±1．7）d。无输精管、精索血管损伤,无阴囊血肿、切口感染等并发症。62例随访2-24个月,平均14个月,术后无睾丸萎缩、医源性隐睾、切口疝等并发症,术后复发1例,复发率1．6％（1/62）。结论腹腔镜下可同时发现和处理对侧隐性内环口未闭,腹腔镜手术治疗婴幼儿腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝安全可行,疗效确切。     

单切口腹腔镜治疗儿童腹股沟嵌顿斜疝121例

目的探讨单切口腹腔镜治疗儿童腹股沟嵌顿斜疝的疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年3月至2014年6月,首都儿科研究所行单切口腹腔镜治疗儿童腹股沟嵌顿斜疝121例。术前诊断右侧嵌顿疝89例,左侧嵌顿疝32例。经脐切口置入trocar建立气腹,置入腹腔镜、无损伤钳,探查患侧疝内容物类型、嵌顿程度。腹腔镜下辅以体外手法复位将嵌顿疝复位,观察嵌顿脏器损伤情况。如嵌顿脏器无损伤,行腹腔镜下疝囊高位结扎术。探查对侧如存在隐性疝则同时处理。结果121例患儿均顺利完成单孔腹腔镜手术。术中探查发现合并对侧隐性疝34例。嵌顿疝内容物90例为肠管,20例为卵巢,11例为网膜。手法协助复位均顺利还纳,镜下观察5min,121例嵌顿脏器均血运良好。单侧疝（87例）手术时间为9～15min,平均12min;双侧疝（34例）手术时间为15～28min,平均24min。麻醉清醒后进食,疼痛均能耐受。术后平均12h出院。随访1～15个月,无切口感染,无阴囊水肿、血肿等并发症,无复发。结论单切口腹腔镜治疗儿童腹股沟嵌顿斜疝不破坏腹股沟管解剖结构,可高位结扎,直视下探查嵌顿疝内容物损伤情况,探查对侧有无隐性疝。该技术安全、有效、微创,值得推广。     

腹腔镜下疝囊高位结扎术治疗腹股沟嵌顿疝18例

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗腹股沟嵌顿疝的临床效果。方法 2009年1月～2010年12月对18例腹股沟嵌顿疝行腹腔镜下腹股沟嵌顿疝松解术及疝内环关闭术。建立CO2气腹后置入10 mm trocar,置入30°腹腔镜,腹腔内探查,寻找嵌顿的疝内容物,置入电凝钩或超声刀切开内环口狭窄环,回纳嵌顿肠管。6例嵌顿小肠已坏死,在相应部位腹壁做小切口（约4 cm）,拖出相应小肠行坏死小肠切除,端端吻合术。疝内环结扎术可采用2种方法：6例于疝内环腹壁投影处做0.3 cm切口,穿刺导线针行疝内环结扎术;12例镜下腹腔内置入针线行疝内环缝合打结。结果麻醉后2例嵌顿疝自动复位。嵌顿肠管无坏死;16例在腹腔镜下松解、复位。嵌顿内容物：小肠16例,大网膜2例;10例嵌顿肠管和2例嵌顿大网膜无坏死,6例嵌顿肠管坏死,拖出相应小肠行坏死小肠切除,端端吻合术。2例发现无症状的隐匿疝,给予疝内环结扎。2例术后出现皮下气肿,均于1 d自行吸收;4例出现腹股沟区原疝囊部位积液、水肿,即血清肿,经局部穿刺（1～4次,平均1.8次）痊愈;术后均无出血、感染。术后住院4～7 d,平均5 d。术后7～30 d（平均15.2 d）行二期无张力疝修补术,二次手术期间无疝复发。结论腹腔镜下腹腔探查、嵌顿疝松解术及疝囊高位结扎术更适合急诊腹股沟嵌顿疝的治疗,具有术式安全、暴露充分、操作简便、易掌握等优点,可同时发现及处理对侧隐匿性疝,符合微创治疗的原则。     

腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝安全性及临床效果的探讨

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝的安全性及临床效果.方法 应用腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝31例.结果 全组除1例患儿因术中腔镜辅助下难以复位中转行开放手术外,其余30例均成功复位后高位结扎内环口,3例同时行小肠浆膜撕裂修补术,7例同期行对侧隐匿疝治疗,手术时间15～75min,平均30min,住院时间3～5d,平均4d.31例患儿均治愈出院,术后无并发症的发生.结论 腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝安全可行、疗效确切,但需注意术前病例选择及术中对嵌顿肠管的观察.     

小儿腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝腹腔镜治疗体会

目的:探讨小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝腹腔镜手术的临床价值。方法:回顾分析2004年12月至2012年12月为73例腹股沟嵌顿疝患儿行腹腔镜治疗的临床资料,患儿均在全身麻醉下行腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术,腹横筋膜上内环口缺损较大时利用脐侧韧带缩小内环口。结果:73例手术均顺利完成。手术时间10～120 min,平均(45.9±24.5)min;住院2～12 d,平均(4.5±2.0)d。随访65例,复发1例。术中行内环口修补者均无复发。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝损伤小、并发症少、术后康复快,术中可同时处理对侧腹股沟隐匿性疝,在结扎疝囊颈的基础上利用脐侧韧带进行内环口修补可减少复发,手术操作简单,安全可行。     

腹腔镜在小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝手术中的应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝手术的疗效. 方法 应用腹腔镜疝修补术治疗小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝32例（右侧20例,左侧12例）,经脐置入5 mm 30°腹腔镜,探查肠管有无坏死,对侧有无隐匿性疝,在耻骨联合与脐孔的中点置入5 mm分离钳,在患侧内环口体表投影点,用Endoclose针夹带7号丝线穿入腹壁至腹膜外层,围绕内环口在腹膜外完成荷包缝合,线拉出体外打结.若内环口直径≥1.5 cm,行疝内环缝合联合疝囊高位结扎术. 结果 32例均顺利完成手术,手术时间15～40 min,平均26 min.术后住院1～3 d,平均2.2 d.术后无并发症.32例随访4～28个月,平均21个月,无复发.结论 腹腔镜下修补小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝,疗效确切,安全可行.     

脐正中襞在腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的应用(附105例报告)

目的探讨脐正中襞在腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝中的应用价值。方法2004年1月～2005年8月，我们应用腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎及脐正中襞覆盖疝环口治疗105例腹股沟斜疝（其中嵌顿疝32例，双侧疝25例，开放手术后复发疝6例）。两孔或三孔法，腹腔镜下找到患侧内环口，带线针缝合内环口内半周腹膜和外半周腹膜，使疝环口成一荷包缝合，打结后用带线针将脐正中襞缝合覆盖疝内环口及周围。结果105例均在腹腔镜下完成手术，单侧疝手术时间10～25min，平均15min；双侧疝手术时间20～35min，平均25min。术中无出血，住院2～3d。术后恢复顺利，无肠粘连、腹腔感染、阴囊血肿。105例随访5～24个月，平均18个月，无复发，结论应用腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎及脐正中襞覆盖疝内环口治疗小儿腹股沟疝是安全可行的，且创伤小，恢复快，住院时间短，不易复发。     

Laparoscopic approach to incarcerated inguinal hernia in children

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to describe the laparoscopic approach to incarcerated inguinal hernia in children.

Methods

After unsuccessful manual reduction, 29 patients (aged 3 weeks to 7 years; median, 10 weeks; 44 boys, 15 girls) with incarcerated inguinal hernia underwent immediate laparoscopy. The hernial content was reduced in a combined technique of external manual pressure and internal pulling by forceps. The bowel was inspected, and the hernia was repaired.

Results

In all patients, the procedure was successful. No conversion to the open approach was required. Immediate laparoscopic herniorrhaphy in the same session was added. No complications occurred.

Conclusions

Laparoscopy allowed for simultaneous reduction under direct visual control, inspection of the incarcerated organ, and definitive repair of the hernia. Technically, it appears easier than the conventional approach because of the internal inguinal ring being widened by intraabdominal carbon dioxide insufflation. The hospital stay is shorter.     

完全腹膜化腹腔镜腹腔内补片植入法治疗成人腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝

目的:探讨完全腹膜化腹腔镜腹腔内补片植入法治疗成人腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝的安全性、可行性及优越性。方法:2002年1月至2007年6月,我院应用腹腔镜腹腔内补片植入术联合脐正中襞完全覆盖网片法治疗成人急性腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝患者35例。结果:5例麻醉后自动复位,25例腹腔镜手法复位或辅助复位成功,4例镜下剪开内环口复位成功,1例经腹股沟区小斜切口切开部分弓状下缘复位成功。35例均行腹腔镜腹腔内补片植入术联合脐正中襞完全覆盖网片法,5例附加肠切除吻合术,1例大网膜切除术。平均手术时间55(30～110)min,平均住院6.5(3～11)d。无切口感染、肠梗阻等并发症发生,术后3dB超检查未见腹腔、盆腔积液等并发症。随访6～48个月,平均26个月,无复发、粘连性肠梗阻、睾丸萎缩等。结论:完全腹膜化腹腔镜腹腔内补片植入法治疗成人急性腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝安全、可行、有效,具有创伤少、并发症少、费用低等优点。     

Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair by the hook method in emergency setting in children presenting with incarcerated inguinal hernia

Background

The development of laparoscopic hernia repair has provided an alternative approach to the management of incarcerated inguinal hernia in children. Different laparoscopic techniques for hernia repair have been described. However, we hereby review the role of laparoscopic hernia repair using the hook method in the emergency setting for incarcerated inguinal hernias in children.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of all children who presented with incarcerated inguinal hernia and underwent laparoscopic hernia repair using the hook method in emergency setting between 2004 and 2010.

Results

There were a total of 15 boys and 1 girl with a mean age of 30 ± 36 months (range, 4 months to 12 years). The hernia was successfully reduced after sedation in 7 children and after general anesthesia in 4 children. In 5 children, the hernia was reduced by a combined manual and laparoscopic-assisted approach. Emergency laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair using the hook method was performed after reduction of the hernia. The presence of preperitoneal fluid secondary to recent incarceration facilitated the dissection of the preperitoneal space by the hernia hook. All children underwent successful reduction and hernia repair. The median operative time was 37 minutes. There was no postoperative complication. The median hospital stay was 3 days. At a median follow-up of 40 months, there was no recurrence of the hernia or testicular atrophy.

Conclusions

Emergency laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair by the hook method is safe and feasible. Easier preperitoneal dissection was experienced, and repair of the contralateral patent processus vaginalis can be performed in the same setting.     

Transumbilical endoscopic surgery for incarcerated inguinal hernias in infants and children

Purpose

To describe transumbilical laparoscopic herniorrhaphy after unsuccessful attempted manual reduction of incarcerated inguinal hernias in infants and children.

Methods

In our two hospitals, two-trocar transumbilical endoscopic surgery (TUES) is the standard technique used to repair incarcerated inguinal hernias in infants and children. Seventeen patients (aged 8 months to 2.5 years; median, 15 months; 15 boys, 2 girls) with incarcerated inguinal hernias underwent urgent laparoscopy after unsuccessful attempted manual reduction. Two 3- or 5-mm trocars were inserted into the abdomen through two intraumbilical incisions, under laparoscopic guidance. The hernia was reduced by combined external manual pressure and internal pulling with bowel forceps. After inspection of the bowel, a round needle with a 2-0 nonabsorbable suture was introduced into the peritoneal cavity through the anterior abdominal wall near the internal inguinal ring. The hernial orifice was closed with an extraperitoneal purse-string suture around the internal inguinal ring, and tied with an intraperitoneal knot. A similar procedure was performed on the contralateral side if the processus vaginalis was patent.

Results

The TUES procedure was successful in all patients. No conversions to open surgery were required. The mean operating time was 30 min (range, 25–40 min). All patients were discharged on the second postoperative day. No complications such as postoperative bleeding, hydrocele, or scrotal edema were observed. The mean follow-up period was 15 months. No cases of testicular atrophy, hypotrophy, or hernia recurrence were reported.

Conclusions

Our preliminary experience with using TUES for the treatment of incarcerated inguinal hernias in infants and children had satisfactory outcomes. This technique appeared to be safe, effective, and reliable, and had excellent cosmetic results.     

Laparoscopic approach to incarcerated inguinal hernia

The safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic treatment for incarcerated inguinal hernia have not been clarified. Six patients who underwent laparoscopic reduction and repair of incarcerated inguinal hernias were reviewed retrospectively. All operations were initiated within 1 h after establishment of the diagnosis. Laparoscopically, the incarcerated small-bowel segments could be easily returned to the abdominal cavity by a combination of pulling them with Babcock forceps while pushing back the bowels from outside the abdominal wall. The hernial portals were not cut in three patients, while they were dissected in the other three. All incarcerated bowels were congested and red immediately after reduction; however, their color returned to normal during hernia repair and unnecessary bowel resection was therefore avoided. The mean operation time was 88 min. Although one patient underwent laparotomy because of the suspicion of necrosis of the incarcerated inguinal hernia, which was finally found to be due to postoperative paralytic ileus, the postoperative courses of the remaining five were uneventful. Laparoscopic reduction and repair of incarcerated inguinal hernia was useful, and unnecessary bowel resection could be avoided. Received: 9 February 1996/Accepted: 20 May 1996     

腹腔镜诊治老年嵌顿性腹股沟疝62例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜技术诊治老年嵌顿性腹股沟疝的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2017年1月至2019年2月收治的62例老年嵌顿性腹股沟疝患者的临床资料,包括一般资料、手术成功率、并发症发生率、死亡率、复发率。结果:62例患者中斜疝59例,直疝1例,股疝2例,患者均完成腹腔镜探查及疝内容物还纳,其中5例行肠切除加内环口成形术,55例行腹腔镜经腹膜前疝修补术,2例中转李金斯坦术。手术时间平均(76.4±18.9)min;平均住院(5.9±1.8)d;术后发生血清肿发生率2例(3.2%),无切口感染、慢性疼痛发生;死亡率1.6%(1/62)。术后随访4~24个月,随访率78.7%(48/61),无复发病例。结论:腹腔镜技术具有探查优势,诊治老年嵌顿性腹股沟疝安全、有效。     

经脐双孔法腹腔镜治疗婴幼儿腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝

目的探讨经脐双孔法腹腔镜治疗婴幼儿腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝的临床应用价值。方法2003年4月—2004年4月采用经脐双孔法腹腔镜治疗婴幼儿腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝48例,并与婴幼儿腹股沟嵌顿疝的传统手术在手术时间、肠功能恢复时间、住院天数、术后并发症等方面进行了比较。结果腹腔镜手术组手术过程顺利,未发现嵌顿物坏死,无附加嵌顿内容物切除手术,其平均手术时间为(30±5)min,肠鸣音恢复时间为(7.8±0.3)h,住院时间(4.4±0.3)d,均较传统手术组[平均手术时间(43±6)min,肠鸣音恢复时间(23.3±2.4)h,住院时间(6.7±0.4)d]缩短(P<0.05),术后随访3个月～1年未见疝复发和输精管损伤、膀胱损伤、睾丸萎缩等并发症。结论经脐双孔法腹腔镜治疗婴幼儿腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝是一种安全的微创手术,具有损伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,值得推广应用。     

Laparoscopic extraperitoneal approach to acutely incarcerated inguinal hernia

Background: Laparoscopic treatment of acutely incarcerated inguinal hernia is uncommon and still controversial. Those being performed almost all use the transabdominal (TAPP) approach. The authors here present their experience with totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair of acutely incarcerated hernia. Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken to evaluate the authors experience with this procedure over a 4-year period. There were 16 cases, 5 of which were performed using a conventional anterior repair. These 5 cases were excluded from the review. The surgery for all of the remaining 11 acutely incarcerated hernias was started laparoscopically using the TEP approach. Eight of the cases were completed this way, whereas three were converted to the open procedure. In addition to standard TEP repair techniques, a releasing incision is required for acutely incarcerated direct, indirect, or femoral hernias. With a direct hernia, the opening of the defect is enlarged to allow safe dissection of its contents. A releasing incision is made at the anteromedial aspect of the defect to avoid injury to the epigastric or iliac vessels. With an indirect hernia, several additional steps are required. The epigastric vessels may be divided; an additional trocar may be placed laterally below the linea semicircularis to facilitate dissection of the sac and to assist with suturing of the divided sac; and the deep internal ring is divided anteriorly at the 12 oclock position toward the external ring, facilitating dissection of the indirect sac. With a femoral hernia, a releasing incision is made by carefully incising the insertion of the iliopubic tract into Coopers ligament at the medial portion of the femoral ring. Results: The mean operative time was 50 min (range, 20–120 min), and the length of hospital stay was 5.4 days (range, 1–29 days). During a follow-up period of 9 to 69 months, there was no recurrence, and only two complications. One of these complications was an infected mesh that occurred in a case involving cecal injury. It was treated with continuous irrigation and salvaged. The other complication was a midline wound infection after a small bowel resection for a strangulated obturator hernia. Conclusions: Familiarity with the anatomy involved leads to the conclusion that the laparoscopic approach, specifically the TEP procedure, can be used without hesitation even in cases of acutely incarcerated hernia.