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Gordon J. G. Asmundson Jonathon S. Abramowitz Ashley A. Richter Margaret Whedon 《Current psychiatry reports》2010,12(4):306-312
Health anxiety is a ubiquitous experience that arises when bodily sensations or changes are believed to be indicative of a
serious disease. Severe expressions of health anxiety are most often classified as hypochondriasis in the current DSM-IV-TR; however, various alternative classification schemas have been proposed for the DSM-V. Regardless of classification, severe health anxiety has significant negative impacts on well-being, social and occupational
functioning, and health care resource utilization. In this review, we focus on classification issues pertinent to severe health
anxiety, summarize recent research regarding potential mechanisms underlying the condition, and summarize the state of the
art with respect to assessment and treatment. Future research directions are noted and suggested throughout. 相似文献
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Jessica A. Grahn 《Topics in Cognitive Science》2012,4(4):585-606
Perception of temporal patterns is fundamental to normal hearing, speech, motor control, and music. Certain types of pattern understanding are unique to humans, such as musical rhythm. Although human responses to musical rhythm are universal, there is much we do not understand about how rhythm is processed in the brain. Here, I consider findings from research into basic timing mechanisms and models through to the neuroscience of rhythm and meter. A network of neural areas, including motor regions, is regularly implicated in basic timing as well as processing of musical rhythm. However, fractionating the specific roles of individual areas in this network has remained a challenge. Distinctions in activity patterns appear between “automatic” and “cognitively controlled” timing processes, but the perception of musical rhythm requires features of both automatic and controlled processes. In addition, many experimental manipulations rely on participants directing their attention toward or away from certain stimulus features, and measuring corresponding differences in neural activity. Many temporal features, however, are implicitly processed whether attended to or not, making it difficult to create controlled baseline conditions for experimental comparisons. The variety of stimuli, paradigms, and definitions can further complicate comparisons across domains or methodologies. Despite these challenges, the high level of interest and multitude of methodological approaches from different cognitive domains (including music, language, and motor learning) have yielded new insights and hold promise for future progress. 相似文献
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Motor neuron degeneration leading to muscle atrophy and death is a pathological hallmark of disorders, such as amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis or spinal muscular atrophy. No effective treatment is available for these devastating diseases. At present,
cell-based therapies targeting motor neuron replacement, support, or as a vehicle for the delivery of neuroprotective molecules
are being investigated. Although many challenges and questions remain, the beneficial effects observed following transplantation
therapy in animal models of motor neuron disease has sparked hope and a number of clinical trials. Here, we provide a comprehensive
review of cell-based therapeutics for motor neuron disorders, with a particular emphasis on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 相似文献
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C. D. Binnie M. C. McBride C. E. Polkey I. M. Sawhney I. Janota 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》1994,89(S152):74-82
Although acute electrocorticography (ECoG) is routinely used during epilepsy surgery there is little agreement as to its value nor criteria for its interpretation. Specific issues are reviewed on the basis of the literature and personal studies: does failure to resect the entire irritative zone prejudice seizure control, and are residual discharges predictive of failure; does activation of the ECoG by intravenous barbiturates provide information of clinical value; does intraoperative electrical stimulation help to improve localisation or avoid postoperative deficits; is the ECoG of value for monitoring functional procedures; can the value of ECoG be increased by new interpretive approaches? It is suggested that resection of the entire area of interictal discharge is not essential for satisfactory surgical outcome, but a distinction may need to be made between those discharging regions that function as pacemakers and those in which ECoG spikes appear secondarily. There is also evidence that, apart from any consideration of determining the area resected, the topography of epileptiform discharge may be predictive of pathology and surgical outcome. It is concluded that more detailed topographic and quantitative analysis of the ECoG is required before its value in planning surgery can be determined or objective interpretive criteria established. 相似文献
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In recent years researchers have begun to investigate how the perceptual, motor and cognitive activities of two or more individuals become organized into coordinated action. In the first part of this introduction we identify three common threads among the ten papers of this special issue that exemplify this new line of research. First, all of the papers are grounded in the experimental study of online interactions between two or more individuals. Second, albeit at different levels of analysis, the contributions focus on the mechanisms supporting joint action. Third, many of the papers investigate empirically the pre‐requisites for the highly sophisticated forms of joint action that are typical of humans. In the second part of the introduction, we summarize each of the papers, highlighting more specific connections among them. 相似文献
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Wassilios G. Meissner Pierre‐Olivier Fernagut Benjamin Dehay Patrice Pran Anne Pavy‐Le Traon Alexandra Foubert‐Samier Miguel Lopez Cuina Erwan Bezard Franois Tison Olivier Rascol 《Movement disorders》2019,34(11):1629-1642
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a variable combination of parkinsonism, cerebellar impairment, and autonomic dysfunction. The pathologic hallmark is the accumulation of aggregated α‐synuclein in oligodendrocytes, forming glial cytoplasmic inclusions, which qualifies MSA as a synucleinopathy together with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. The underlying pathogenesis is still not well understood. Some symptomatic treatments are available, whereas neuroprotection remains an urgent unmet treatment need. In this review, we critically appraise significant developments of the past decade with emphasis on pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment development. We further discuss unsolved questions and highlight some perspectives. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society 相似文献
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Lucy Jane King 《Annals of clinical psychiatry》2003,15(3-4):163-170
Health care in America, criticized today by patients and physicians alike, developed incrementally throughout the twentieth century into a system unique to the United States. Each effort to change it led to unintended consequences. There are many current proposals by presidential candidates and members of Congress for reform of the fragmentation of payment for, access to, and quality of care. There is increasing pressure from many sources to provide a solution. Will 2004 be the year we find it? 相似文献
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Summary: Nonepileptic seizures (NES) are neuropsychiatric disorders presenting with a combination of neurologic signs and underlying psychological conflicts. For more than a century, the medical community has accumulated data and insights about the phenomenology, epidemiology, risks, comorbidities, and prognosis of NES. However, we have not progressed much beyond anecdotal reports of treatments for NES, and no randomized, controlled trials of treatment for the disorder have been conducted. We review the diagnosis and treatment of NES and suggest directions for future research in these areas. 相似文献
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Lawren VandeVrede Peter A. Ljubenkov Julio C. Rojas Ariane E. Welch Adam L. Boxer 《Neurotherapeutics》2020,17(4):1563
Four-repeat tauopathies are a neurodegenerative disease characterized by brain parenchymal accumulation of a specific isoform of the protein tau, which gives rise to a wide breadth of clinical syndromes encompassing diverse symptomatology, with the most common syndromes being progressive supranuclear palsy-Richardson’s and corticobasal syndrome. Despite the lack of effective disease-modifying therapies, targeted treatment of symptoms can improve quality of life for patients with 4-repeat tauopathies. However, managing these symptoms can be a daunting task, even for those familiar with the diseases, as they span motor, sensory, cognitive, affective, autonomic, and behavioral domains. This review describes current approaches to symptomatic management of common clinical symptoms in 4-repeat tauopathies with a focus on practical patient management, including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies, and concludes with a discussion of the history and future of disease-modifying therapeutics and clinical trials in this population.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13311-020-00888-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Darryl C. De Vivo Timothy P. Bohan David L. Coulter Fritz E. Dreifuss Robert S. Greenwood Douglas R. Nordli W. Donald Shields Carl E. Stafstrom Ingrid Tein 《Epilepsia》1998,39(11):1216-1225
Summary: In November 1996, a panel of pediatric neurologists met to update the consensus statement issued in 1989 by a panel of neurologists and metabolic experts on L-carnitine supplementation in childhood epilepsy. The panelists agreed that intravenous L-carnitine supplementation is clearly indicated for valproate (VPA)-induced hepatotoxicity, overdose, and other acute metabolic crises associated with carnitine deficiency. Oral supplementation is clearly indicated for the primary plasmalemmal carnitine transporter defect. The panelists concurred that oral L-carnitine supplementation is strongly suggested for the following groups as well: patients with certain secondary carnitine-deficiency syndromes, symptomatic VPA-associated hyperammonemia, multiple risk factors for VPA hepatotoxicity, or renal-associated syndromes; infants and young children taking VPA; patients with epilepsy using the ketogenic diet who have hypocarnitinemia; patients receiving dialysis; and premature infants who are receiving total parenteral nutrition. The panel recommended an oral L-carnitine dosage of 100 mg/kg/day, up to a maximum of 2 g/day. Intravenous supplementation for medical emergency situations usually exceeds this recommended dosage. 相似文献
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Goodwin RD 《Current psychiatry reports》2012,14(1):30-35
The prevalence of asthma has risen dramatically, especially among youth, in recent years, and asthma is now among the most
common chronic conditions. Recent studies suggest a relationship between asthma and suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and
death by suicide. This paper reviews the literature, summarizes the weight of evidence, and discusses the clinical implications
and future directions for research. 相似文献
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Andrea Pappalardo Letizia Pitto Chiara Fiorillo M. Alice Donati Claudio Bruno Filippo M. Santorelli 《Neuromolecular medicine》2013,15(2):405-419
Neuromuscular disorders are a broad group of inherited conditions affecting the structure and function of the motor system with polymorphic clinical presentation and disease severity. Although individually rare, collectively neuromuscular diseases have an incidence of 1 in 3,000 and represent a significant cause of disability of the motor system. The past decade has witnessed the identification of a large number of human genes causing muscular disorders, yet the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain largely unclear, limiting the developing of targeted therapeutic strategies. To overcome this barrier, model systems that replicate the different steps of human disorders are increasingly being developed. Among these, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as an excellent organism for studying genetic disorders of the central and peripheral motor systems. In this review, we will encounter most of the available zebrafish models for childhood neuromuscular disorders, providing a brief overview of results and the techniques, mainly transgenesis and chemical biology, used for genetic manipulation. The amount of data collected in the past few years will lead zebrafish to became a common functional tool for assessing rapidly drug efficacy and off-target effects in neuromuscular diseases and, furthermore, to shed light on new etiologies emerging from large-scale massive sequencing studies. 相似文献
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Ti-Fei Yuan Yi Dong Li Zhang Jieyu Qi Chun Yao Yongjun Wang Renjie Chai Yan Liu Kwok-Fai So 《神经科学通报》2021,37(5):735-745
Stem cell transplantation holds a promising future for central nervous system repair. Current challenges, however, include spatially and temporally defined cell differentiation and maturation, plus the integration of transplanted neural cells into host circuits. Here we discuss the potential advantages of neuromodulation-based stem cell therapy, which can improve the viability and proliferation of stem cells, guide migration to the repair site, orchestrate the differentiation process, and promote the integration of neural circuitry for functional rehabilitation. All these advantages of neuromodulation make it one potentially valuable tool for further improving the efficiency of stem cell transplantation. 相似文献