向脊髓引流的硬脑膜动静脉瘘诊治体会

目的探讨向脊髓表面引流的硬脑膜动静脉瘘（DAVF）的临床特点及治疗。方法回顾性分析2009年2月。2012年10月诊治的5例向脊髓引流DAVF患者的临床资料。4例单纯行栓塞治疗,1例行栓塞后手术切除。结果术后DSA示5例患者的瘘口均完全消失,达到解剖治愈。4例随访6个月-2年,肢体肌力及感觉均有一定恢复,MRI示脊髓表面迂曲血管流空影消失,DsA示瘘口消失、无复发。结论向脊髓引流的DAVF患者脊髓血管造影常显示正常,应注意行脑血管造影,避免漏诊、误诊,治疗主要以血管内栓寨为丰。     

手术治疗颅颈交界区硬膜动静脉瘘的疗效分析

目的探讨显微外科手术治疗颅颈交界区硬膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的手术疗效和临床经验。方法回顾性分析2020年5月至2022年4月郑州大学第一附属医院神经外科采用显微外科手术治疗的10例颅颈交界区DAVF患者的临床资料。所有瘘口均位于枕大孔下缘至颈1椎体之间。其中神经根硬膜动脉供血8例, 神经根硬膜动脉及脊髓外侧动脉供血2例;静脉向头侧引流6例, 向颈侧引流4例。采用显微外科手术夹闭瘘口或电凝切断瘘口的方法, 术中造影确认动静脉瘘口是否消失。术后3个月进行临床及影像学随访, 通过与术前临床症状比较评价手术效果。结果 10例患者术后即刻均达到影像学治愈, 切口愈合良好, 无脑脊液漏。术后症状减轻8例, 加重1例, 未改善1例。2例患者术后出现高热、头痛, 经对症处理后症状消失。术后3个月, 症状明显改善1例, 症状消失8例;另1例患者症状无改善, 数字减影血管造影显示动静脉瘘复发。结论采用显微外科手术治疗颅颈交界区DAVF安全、有效, 明确瘘口及所有供血动脉是手术成功的关键。     

荧光造影技术在脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘手术中的应用

目的 探讨荧光造影技术在脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)显微手术中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析四川大学华西医院神经外科2012年1月—2018年1月收治的28例脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者的资料。患者均行脊髓血管造影确诊。手术采用全椎或半椎板入路,术中用吲哚菁绿荧光造影明确瘘口的位置、引流静脉及供血动脉,行瘘口切除后再次造影检查。采用改良Aminoff-Logue量表(ALS)评估患者手术前后的脊髓功能。结果 本组患者中瘘口位于颅颈交界、胸髓上段、胸髓下段、脊髓腰段的患者,分别为2例、8例、10例、8例。患者手术均成功,瘘口均完全切除,术后影像学复查无复发者。随访时间6～72个月,结果显示治愈为18例、改善8例、无变化2例,好转率为92. 85%。患者术后的改良ALS评分(2. 1±1. 4)比术前(4. 6±1. 9)明显好转(P 0. 05)。结论 显微外科手术是治疗脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘最有效的方法。术中采用荧光造影,能准确定位瘘口位置,同时对瘘口切除进行评估,极大地提高了手术的精准度。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的手术治疗

目的探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断及总结手术治疗的经验。方法回顾性分析13例经脊髓血管造影确诊的硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者的临床资料，均行手术夹闭瘘口，其中经全椎板切除入路9例，经半椎板切除入路4例。结果瘘口位于上胸段2例，中胸段3例，下胸段6例，腰段2例。全部病例手术后行脊髓血管造影复查，均未见异常瘘口及迂曲引流静脉。随访2—36个月，13例中症状基本消失、痊愈5例，症状改善、好转7例，无变化1例。结论脊髓血管造影可以准确定位瘘口位置，是诊断硬脊膜动静瘘的金标准。手术夹闭瘘口方法简单，夹闭瘘口确切可靠，效果肯定，可作为硬脊膜动静脉瘘的首选治疗方法。     

主要表现为认知功能障碍的硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床特点(附1例报告)

目的探讨主要表现为认知功能障碍的硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的临床特点。方法回顾性分析1例主要表现为认知功能障碍的DAVF患者的临床资料。结果患者为中年女性,亚急性起病,表现为进行性加重的认知功能障碍,随后出现步态异常和尿失禁;发病1个多月后生活已不能自理。头颅MRI示两侧大脑、小脑半球表面多发异常迂曲、扩张的血管影,两侧大脑半球白质对称大片状T2WI、Flair高信号影。脑血管DSA示右侧颈外动脉动静脉瘘,左侧颈外动脉DAVF,右侧颈内静脉重度狭窄。经血管介入栓塞动静脉瘘及支架置入术治疗后,患者的病情显著改善。结论 DAVF的认知功能障碍起病较急,系颅内静脉高压引起的广泛脑白质病变所致,早期手术治疗的效果好。     

显微手术联合术中血管造影治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘

目的 探讨显微手术联合术中脊髓血管造影检查治疗脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘的疗效和应用价值。方法 回顾性分析四川大学华西医院神经外科2013年5月—2017年9月,采用显微手术闭塞瘘口同时行术中脊髓血管造影检查治疗的52例脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者的临床资料。结果 在术中脊髓血管造影辅助下,52例患者术中达到100%的解剖治愈率。术后第7 d 43例患者(82. 7%)的脊髓功能评分改善。术后50例患者(96. 2%)随访6个月,Aminoff评分显示28例患者(56%)治愈,18例患者(36%)脊髓功能改善,4例患者(8%)脊髓功能无变化;无症状加重者。结论 显微手术闭塞瘘口能有效治疗脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘,术中脊髓血管造影对准确判断是否完全闭塞瘘口和多个瘘口的存在有着极大地帮助。     

硬脑膜动静脉瘘的显微外科手术治疗

目的评估显微外科手术治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的疗效。方法回顾性分析6例DAVF行显微外科手术治疗的临床资料,其中以蛛网膜下腔出血起病2例,脑出血起病2例,癫疒间发作起病1例,突眼起病1例。结果血管畸形经手术切除,术前症状均不同程度改善。本组于术后6个月行DSA或CTA复查,病灶完全切除,未见血管畸形残留或复发。随访1~5.5年,平均2.1年,随访期间未见颅内出血及新发神经功能障碍。按ADL分级:Ⅰ级5例,Ⅱ级1例。结论显微外科手术治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘是一种安全、有效的措施。     

复合手术治疗复杂型大脑镰硬脑膜动静脉瘘1例并文献复习

目的 探讨大脑镰硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的临床特点及治疗方案和疗效.方法 回顾性分析1例用复合手术治疗的,复杂型大脑镰DAVF伴多发瘤样扩张破裂出血患者的临床资料;并对相关文献进行复习.结果 本例患者以蛛网膜下腔出血表现发病,行血管内介入栓塞后血管造影示瘘仍存在,动脉仍供血;改行开颅手术将瘘口切除.患者术后恢复良好,...     

2例罕见硬脊膜外动静脉瘘的诊治及误诊原因分析

目的 探讨硬脊膜外动静脉瘘的诊治方法,分析误诊原因和对策。方法 回顾性分析2017年9月至2018年12月收治的2例罕见硬脊膜外动静脉瘘的临床资料,总结临床特点,并分析其误诊原因。结果 2例均表现为进行性双下肢乏力伴大小便功能障碍,外院DSA无法确诊而转入我院。我们结合神经系统体征定位诊断,在病变定位部位采用延长脊髓血管造影时间的方法发现胸5节段硬脊膜外动静脉瘘,伴硬脊膜外静脉湖形成;运用介入栓塞供血动脉和瘘口,再行开放性手术灼闭硬脊膜外静脉湖;1例治愈,另1例因误诊2年余仅部分神经功能恢复。结论 硬脊膜外动静脉瘘是一种临床罕见的脊髓血管病,以椎管内静脉高压或脊髓压迫的形式造成脊髓功能障碍,因为临床表现缺乏特异性,容易误诊和漏诊;可通过结合神经系统体征定位、延长选择性脊髓动脉造影时间或进行脊髓主要供血动脉无关血管的造影,可提高确诊率;介入治疗和复合手术均能达到良好治疗效果,临床症状的改善程度与确诊时间呈负相关。     

脊髓静脉高压综合征的诊断治疗策略与方法

目的 探讨脊髓静脉高压综合征的诊治策略与方法.方法 通过我院收治的69例脊髓静脉高压综合征患者,总结诊断方法主要靠MRI全脊柱成像、脊髓水成像及脊髓顺磁性血管造影,最终确诊依据选择性脊髓动脉造影,明确病变类型、瘘口部位、大小、血流速度等,确诊后再选择治疗方法与应遵循的策略.结果 本组69例,血管内介入治疗51例,手术治疗18例,治愈30例,好转25例,无变化14例.结论 本病血管内治疗及显微于术都是行之有效的方法.     

Dural arteriovenous fistula with spinal perimedullary venous drainage

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of six patients with dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) with drainage directly into the perimedullary venous system. In five patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), cerebral angiography revealed a DAVF with spinal venous drainage located at the petrosal sinus in one, at the tentorium in one, and at the craniocervical junction in four. In the patient with myelopathy, angiographic exploration began with a spinal angiogram. Bilateral vertebral angiography initially failed to demonstrate the fistula, and a tentorial DAVF was established with carotid artery angiography. Patients had no myelopathy when the venous drainage was limited to the cervical cord; myelopathy was present when the venous drainage descended toward the conus medullaris. Diagnosis of a DAVF presenting with myelopathy is more challenging than of those presenting with SAH.     

A tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula presenting progressive myelopathy: a case report

Abstract We report a case of a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) at the tentorium cerebelli, which presented progressive myelopathy. A 68-year-old man with neurological deterioration of the cervical myelopathy visited our hospital. T₂ weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed high signal area and edema from the medulla to the upper thoracic spinal cord with flow voids on the dorsal surface of the cord. Angiography showed right tentorial DAVF, which was supplied by the right meningohypophyseal trunk, the middle meningeal artery, the accessory meningeal artery, and was drained into the posterior spinal veins. The patient underwent right retrosigmoid suboccipital craniotomy, then disruption of the fistula was performed by using micro Doppler sonography following endovascular obliteration of the main feeders. Postoperative angiography showed complete obliteration of the fistula. His daily functioning gradually improved up to 6 months after the surgery. Tentorial DAVFs with clinical manifestation of myelopathy are rare. Considering its aggressive nature, early surgical treatment could be necessary. (Received: November 17, 2010, Accepted: December 18, 2010).     

The treatment of complex dural arteriovenous fistulae through cranial base techniques

INTRODUCTION: The endovascular modality of treatment is the preferred treatment modality for DAVF. In some circumstances, successful obliteration may not be possible by endovascular means, and such cases may require a direct surgical treatment. The authors report on their experience with the use of cranial base approaches in the treatment of deep and complex DAVF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine patients were treated between 1992 and 2003. There were six females and three males. Four patients presented with intracerebral hemorrhage, two with progressive myelopathy, two with tinnitus, and one with incapacitating chronic seizures. Four DAVF were tentorial, two transverse sigmoid, one craniocervical, one straight sinus, and one sphenoparietal. Endovascular embolization was attempted and unsuccessful in four cases, and was successful only as an adjunct to surgery in four others. All patients required the use of cranial base approaches to disconnect the fistula or resect the nidus. RESULTS: Complete obliteration of the fistula was possible in all cases. Six-month follow-up results were obtained on seven patients where there was no evidence of recurrence. One postoperative temporal-lobe hematoma required surgical evacuation. One patient died two years postoperatively from an unrelated cause. CONCLUSION: This retrospective study demonstrates that complex DAVF can be successfully treated with the assistance of cranial base techniques.     

Tentorial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Treated Using Transarterial Onyx Embolization

Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a rare vascular disease, which has high risk of intracranial hemorrhage. We present two cases of tentorial DAVF which were successfully treated with single trial of transarterial embolization using Onyx. We briefly reviewed the types of the tentorial DAVF and strategies of treatment.     

天幕区硬脑膜动静脉瘘压迫导水管导致阻塞性脑积水

目的报道1例以阻塞性脑积水为首发表现的硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)。方法一男性52岁病人因行走不稳、尿失禁入院,CT和MR发现阻塞性脑积水,天幕附近存在异常血管影。脑血管造影诊断为天幕区DAVF,脑积水由扩张的引流静脉压迫中脑导水管所致。病人接受了血管内栓塞和脑室-腹腔分流手术。结果大部分闭塞了DAVF,脑积水症状消失。结论DAVF扩张的引流静脉压迫中脑导水管导致阻塞性脑积水极其罕见,这是文献中第2例有详细报道的此类病例;采用血管内方法闭塞病灶并行脑室-腹腔分流手术是合适的治疗方法。     

ONYX 18栓塞天幕区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床研究(附四例报道)

目的 探讨经动脉途径使用ONYX 18栓塞治疗天幕区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床方法 及疗效. 方法 回顾性分析宣武医院神经外科自2008年3月至7月收治的4例天幕区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者的临床资料(包括病史、查体、影像学检查、手术记录、随访情况等),其中急性蛛网膜下腔出血1例,进行性神经功能障碍3例;瘘口位于天幕顶2例,天幕左侧1例,天幕后份1例;硬脑膜动静脉瘘分型为Ⅱb型2例,Ⅲ型1例.Ⅳ型1例.4例患者均行经动脉途径使用ONYX 18栓塞治疗(ONYx注入量分别为1.5 mL、3.5 mL、9 mL、12 mL),1例合并阻塞性脑积水者在栓塞后行脑室腹腔分流术. 结果 本组患者术后完全栓塞3例,1例残余枕动脉少许供血瘘口,血流明显减慢.4例患者门诊或电话随访3个月,原有症状均无出现. 结论 在微导管到达合适的位置时,通过正确的注射ONYX 18,通过单一供血动脉,可以将整个天幕区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的瘘口、静脉端及所有供血动脉填塞.达到完全治愈.该方法 治疗高危硬脑膜动静脉瘘安全有效.     

与板障静脉沟通的硬脑膜动静脉瘘并发颅内出血1例报道及文献复习

目的 总结与板障静脉沟通的硬脑膜动静脉瘘（DAVF）并发颅内出血的诊治经验。方法 回顾性分析血管内介入治疗的1例与板障静脉沟通的DAVF并发颅内出血的临床资料,并结合相关文献分析。结果 62岁男性,左侧肢体肌力0级,头部CT示右侧额顶叶出血;DSA示右侧额顶部DAVF,由右侧脑膜中动脉额顶支供血,经板障静脉、大脑镰静脉引流并因压力增高导致皮层静脉逆流致静脉高压性脑出血;经脑膜中动脉额支注入Onyx胶闭塞瘘口,术后复查造影发现引流静脉消失;术后半年,左侧肢体肌力恢复至4级。结论 与板障静脉沟通的DAVF并发颅内出血为罕见疾病,血管内治疗可达到治愈。     

Neuroimaging of Tuberculous Myelitis: Analysis of Ten Cases and Review of Literature

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and neuroimaging features of 10 patients with tuberculous myelitis. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (70%) and paraplegia (60%). Bladder and bowel symptoms were present in 90% patients. On MRI, the involvement of the cervical/thoracic segment of the spinal cord was most commonly seen (90%). The most consistent finding was hyperintense signals on T2-weighted MRI. T1-weighted images showed isointense (n= 5) and hypointense (n= 4) signals in the spinal cord lesions. Post-contrast enhancement was present in 6 patients, epidural enhancement in 4 patients, and cord swelling in 2 patients. We reviewed more than 250 published cases with the diagnosis of tuberculous myelitis and radiculomyelitis with special attention to MRI findings. It is predominantly a disease of the thoracic spinal cord. Most spinal cord lesions appear as hyperintense on T2 and iso- or hypointense on T1-weighted images. MRI findings in patients with spinal cord tuberculosis have both diagnostic and prognostic significance. Cord atrophy or cavitation and the presence of syrinx on MRI may be associated with poor outcome.     

近端血流阻断加压技术在硬脊膜动静脉畸形血管内治疗中的应用

目的探讨近端血流阻断加压技术在硬脊膜动静脉畸形(SDAVF)血管内治疗中应用的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2017年2月至2018年9月海军军医大学附属长海医院神经外科采用血管内治疗的6例SDAVF患者的临床资料。所有患者术中均应用近端血流阻断加压技术,其中1例因未能完全栓塞,改为显微外科手术治疗。术后即刻行数字减影血管造影(DSA),以判断栓塞情况。对所有患者行门诊或电话随访,随访内容为行Aminoff-Logue评分,判断脊髓功能的恢复情况;门诊随访的患者同时复查脊髓MRI,以判断栓塞情况。结果6例患者的手术均成功。术后即刻DSA显示,5例完全栓塞,1例瘘口残留。所有患者术后均未出现永久性神经系统并发症;其中1例术中造影显示肋间动脉夹层的患者,采用弹簧圈闭塞近端肋间动脉后复查胸椎CT,显示肋间肌内血肿形成,术后持续胸背部疼痛3 d后缓解。6例患者中,5例为门诊随访,1例为电话随访;中位随访时间(范围)为5.5个月(4.0~22.0个月)。术后3个月,6例患者的Aminoff-Logue评分均较术前降低[(2.0±0.7)分、(4.0±1.5)分,P<0.05];脊髓功能得到明显改善。术中因拔管困难而留置体内的1例患者,术后6个月随访时无相关并发症。经显微手术治疗的1例患者出院后10个月行DSA随访,未见瘘口显影。结论初步推测近端血流阻断加压技术在SDAVF血管内治疗中是安全、有效的。     

吲哚菁绿术中荧光造影在脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘手术中的应用

目的 探引哚菁绿术中荧光造影术在脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘手术中的作用.方法 9例脊髓硬脊膜动静咏瘘患者,均经脊髓DSA确诊,行后正中全椎板切开,术中吲哚菁绿荧光造影明确供血动脉、引流静脉及瘘口,夹闭瘘口并选择性切除静脉血管畸形.结果 畸形血管位于颈段1例、胸段4例、胸腰段2例、腰段1例、胸腰骶段1例;介入栓塞不充分后转手术1例,介入栓塞微导管难以到位转手术8例;术后MRI显示髓周异常迂曲畸形血管消失,脊髓缺血水肿好转.术后症状消失2例,改善6例,无变化1例.结论 吲哚菁绿术中荧光造影能够明确供血动脉、引流静脉及瘘口情况,有效地提高了脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘手术的疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG)videoangiography in surgical management of spinal dural ateriovenots fistulae (dAVFs).Method In this retrospective analysis we examined nine cases of dAVFs, diagnosed by complete spinal angiography,in which laminoplasty were performed through posterior approach.An operating microscope - integrated light source containing infrared excitation light illuminated the operating field and was used to visualize an intravenous bolus of ICG.The locations of fistulae, feeding arteries and draininig veins were identified and compared before and after surgical obhteration by intraoperative ICG videoangiography.Results In the nine cases the dAVFs involved one cervical cord, four thoracic cord,two thoracic lumbar cord, one lumbar cord and one thoracic and lumbosacral cord.One of them used to take an unsuccessful endovascular embolization, while the rest of them were given the operation right after diagnosed by the spinal angiography.Microscope-based ICG videoangiography identified the fistulous point(s),feeding arteries and draining veins in all nine cases,as confirmed by postoperative MRI which showed complete obliteration of the dAVFs with improved spinal blood supply and reduced spinal cord edema.After the operation the clini cal symptoms were nearly disappered in two cases, improved in six cases, and present no obvious changes in one case.Conclusions Intraoerative ICG videoangiography provides real -time information about the precise location of spinal dAVFs,the feeding arteries and the draining veins, as well as additional feeding aiteries unrevealed by the preoperative spinal angiography and residue pathologic blood vessels during the operation, which efficiently improves the surgical outcomes and prognosis.