哺乳动物外激素类似物的合成

以猪天然外激素为先导化合物,表雄酮为原料,经二条反应路线,通过模板导向的自由基中继氯化在甾体骨架上引入9位氯,进而消除得3α-羟基-5α-9(11)-雄烯-17-酮和3α-羟基-5α-9(11)-雄烯-16α,17α-环氧二个中间体,并分别对它们的2,3位及16,17位进行结构改造,合成了9个外激素类似物。初步动物实验表明,其中3α-羟基-9(11),16-二烯-5α-雄甾烷和3-羰基-9(11),16-二烯-5α-雄甾烷的生物活性强于天然外激素。     

高收率合成醋酸群勃龙

目的　由雌甾 4,9 二烯 3 ,1 7 二酮 (1 )经五步合成醋酸群勃龙 (6)。方法　雌甾 4,9 二烯 3 ,1 7 二酮(1 )在对甲苯磺酸的催化下与甲醇作用 ,得 3 ,3 二甲氧基 雌甾 5(1 0 ) ,9(1 1 ) 二烯 1 7 酮 (2 ) ,化合物 (2 )用钾硼氢还原 ,得 3 ,3 二甲氧基 雌甾 5(1 0 ) ,9(1 1 ) 二烯 1 7β 醇 (3) ,不经分离 ,用硫酸催化水解 ,得 1 7β 羟基 雌甾 5(1 0 ) ,9(1 1 ) 二烯 3 酮 (4) ,化合物 (4)用DDQ脱氢 ,得 1 7β 羟基 雌甾 4,9,1 1 三烯 3 酮 (群勃龙 ,5) ,再经乙酰化反应 ,得醋酸群勃龙 (6)。总收率为 63 .1 % ,(6)的纯度为 99.6 %。结果　此法以高收率合成了醋酸群勃龙。结论　该合成法具有工业生产价值。     

剑麻皂甙元资源利用的研究Ⅱ.抗心律失常药安律酮的合成

本文报道了从表雄酮(从剑麻皂甙元制得的中间体)经6步反应制备抗心律失常新药安律酮(3α-氨基-2β-羟基-5α-雄甾烷-17酮盐酸盐)的合成方法,并改进了反应的部份条件,。在用钯/碳催化氢化叠氮化合物(Ⅵ)制备安律酮时,获得熔点为199°-201℃的副产物(Ⅸ),其结构经波谱与化学方法确证为3α-氯-2β-羟基-5α-雄甾烷-17酮。     

剑麻皂甙元资源利用的研究 Ⅲ.哺乳动物信息素5■-雄甾-16-烯-3-酮和3■-羟基-5■-雄甾-16-烯的合成

本文以表雄酮(3)为原料通过溴化铜溴代,四氢硼钠还原和锌粉消除反应得中间体3β-羟基-5■-雄甾-16-烯(5);再经Jones氧化得5■-雄甾-16-烯-3-酮(1)。(5)的对甲苯磺酸酯(6)在二甲亚砜中与亚硝酸钠反应得3■-羟基-5■-雄甾-16-烯(2)。本文还合成了3β,17-二羟基-16-溴-5(?)-雄甾烷的四个立体导构体(8),(9),(10),(14),并确证了它们的结构和构型。     

3,17-二氧代甾体的硝甲基化和硝乙基化研究

雌二醇对肿瘤部位有特别的亲和力 ,例如以雌二醇为载体苯丁酸氮芥就能够选择性地聚集在肿瘤部位并显示强抗肿瘤作用。在报道过的雌二醇载体中 1 甲基 3 羟基 1 ,3,5 ( 1 0 ) ,9( 1 1 ) 雌甾四烯 1 7 酮( 1 )的特点是对肿瘤部位的亲和力高和雌激素活性低。为了满足对雌二醇载体的需求 ,通过 1 1 α 羟基雄甾 1 ,4 二烯 3,1 7 二酮 ( 2 )和雄甾 1 ,4,9( 1 1 ) 三烯 3,1 7 二酮 ( 3)的硝甲基化和硝乙基化制备重要的雌二醇载体。用乙二胺作催化剂回流 2和硝基甲烷 ,使硝甲基化选择性地发生在 1 7位羰基以 60 %收率生成1 1α 羟基 1 7 硝基甲烯雄甾 1 ,4 二烯 3 酮 ,3位羰基不参与反应。采用相同的操作使 2和硝基乙烷以 2 3%收率生成 1 1α ,1 7β 二羟基 1 7α 乙基雄甾 1 ,4,8( 1 4) 三烯 3 酮 ,3和 1 7位羰基都不参与反应。在对甲苯磺酰氯存在下使 2以 94%收率转化为 1 1α 对甲苯磺酰氧基雄甾 1 ,4 二烯 3,1 7 二酮 ( 4 )。 90℃在醋酸钾和醋酐存在下使 4发生消除反应 ,以 80 %收率生成 3。发现 3和硝基甲烷回流 ,期间蒸去至少 1 0 %硝基甲烷 ,残留物再用乙二胺处理 ,然后回流 1h可以以 96%收率得到 1。若将 3、硝基甲烷及乙二胺的混合物简单回流 ,则以 45 %收率得到 1 7 硝基甲烯 雄甾 1 ,3,1 1     

美丽红豆杉树皮中化学成分的研究

目的 研究生长在中国东南部的美丽红豆杉Taxus Chinensis var. mairei树皮中的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、制备薄层色谱和HPLC制备色谱法分离、纯化化学成分,用一维和二维核磁共振技术鉴定化合物结构。结果 从生长在中国东南部的美国红豆杉树皮中分离得到了11个紫杉烷二萜类化合物,分别鉴定为2α,7β,9α,10β,19-五乙酰氧基-5α,11α-二羟基-12,16-环氧-紫杉烷-4(20)-烯-13-酮(19-去苯甲酰基-19-乙酰基紫杉宁M)(1)、2α,7α,9α,10β-四乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-11β-羟基-12,16-环氧-紫杉烷-4(20)-烯-13-酮(紫杉吉酚,2)、4α,10β,13α-三乙酰氧基-2α-苯甲酰氧基-1β,7β,9α-三羟基-5,20-环氧-紫杉烷-11-烯(9-二氢-13-乙酰基-巴卡亭Ⅲ,3)、2α,9α,10β-三乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-13α-羟基-紫杉烷-4(20),11-二烯(13-二氢紫杉宁,4)、5α,9α,10β-三乙酰氧基-5α-羟基-13α-(Z)-桂皮酰氧基-紫杉烷-4(20),11(12)-二烯(5)、2α,5α,13α-三乙酰氧基-1β,7β,9α,10β-四羟基-4,20-环氧-紫杉烷-11-烯(南方红豆杉醇C,6)、2α,5α,10β,13α-四乙酰氧基-1β,7β,9α-三羟基-4,20-环氧-紫杉烷-11(12)-烯(10-乙酰基南方红豆杉醇C,7)、2α,9α,10β-三乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-13α-羟基-13,16-环氧-紫杉烷-4(20),11-二烯(紫杉佐匹定J,8)、9α,10β-二乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-3,11-环氧-紫杉烷-4(20)-烯-13-酮(9)、2α-羟基-9α,10β-二乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-3(11)-环氧-紫杉烷-4(20)-烯-13-酮(10)、7β-木糖基-10-去乙酰基紫杉醇(11)。结论 化合物1～5、8～10为首次从美丽红豆杉中分离得到,化合物6,7为首次从美丽红豆杉树皮中分离得到。     

5α -雄甾-2-烯-17-酮羟溴化反应产物的探讨

本文报道了5 -雄甾-2-烯-17-酮(Ⅱ)羟溴化反应产物的分离与结构。除正常产物2β-羟基-3 -溴-5 -雄甾-17-酮(Ⅳ)外,三个付产物(Ⅳa、Ⅳb和Ⅳc)的结构均经波谱及化学方法确证。它们分别为2β.3 -二溴-5 -雄甾-17-酮(Ⅳa),3 -溴-4β-羟基-5 -雄甾-17-酮(Ⅳb)和3 -羟基-4β-溴-5 -雄甾-17-酮(Ⅳc)。实验结果表明表雄酮的3-对甲苯磺酸酯(Ⅰ)经2.4.6-三甲基吡啶热消除法制备Ⅱ时,也生成并伴有5 -雄甾-3-烯-17-酮(Ⅲ)。     

3β—乙酰氧基—6—羰基—5α—雄甾化合物的合成

对合成３β乙酰氧基－６－羰基－５α－雄甾化合物的文献方法进行了改进，３β－乙酰氧基－△＾５－雄烯－１７－酮１α及其Ｃ１３α－甲基异构体１ｂ，经硝化，还原水解制得目的物Ⅲａ和Ⅲｂ，总收率为６６％～７２％，此法具有反应条件温和，步骤短和处理方便等优点，化合物Ⅱｂ，Ⅲｂ尚未见文献报道。     

3β－乙酰氧基－6－羰基－5α－雄甾化合物的合成

对合成３β－乙酰氧基－６－羰基－５α－雄甾化合物的文献方法进行了改进，３β－乙酰氧基－△５－雄烯－１７－酮Ⅰａ及其Ｃ１３α－甲基异构体Ⅰｂ，经硝化、还原水解制得目的物Ⅲａ和Ⅲｂ，总收率为６６％～７２％，此法具有反应条件温和、步骤短和处理方便等优点。化合物Ⅱｂ、Ⅲｂ尚未见文献报道。     

加拿大产东北红豆杉化学成分的研究

目的 研究生长在加拿大的东北红豆杉Taxus cuspidata的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、制备薄层色谱和HPLC制备色谱法分离、纯化化学成分,用一维和二维核磁共振技术鉴定化合物结构。结果 从生长在加拿大的东北红豆杉的针叶中分离得到了10个紫杉烷二萜类化合物,分别鉴定为2α,9α-二乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-10β-羟基-紫杉烷-4(20),11-二烯-13-酮(10-去乙酰基紫杉宁,Ⅰ)、2α,10β-二乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-9α-羟基-紫杉烷-4(20),11-二烯-13-酮(9-去乙酰基紫杉宁,Ⅱ)、2α,9α,10β-三乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-13α-羟基-紫杉烷-4(20),11-二烯(13-二氢紫杉宁,13-去乙酰基紫杉宁E,紫杉佐匹定,Ⅲ)、2α,9α,10β-三乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-13α-羟基-13,16-环氧-紫杉烷-4(20),11-二烯(taxezopidine J,Ⅳ)、2α,7β,9α,10β,13-五乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-11α-羟基-紫杉烷-4(20),12-二烯(紫杉平,taxuspine D,Ⅴ)、2α,7α,9α,10β-四乙酰氧基-5α-桂皮酰氧基-11β-羟基-12,16-环氧-紫杉烷-4(20)-烯-13-酮(紫杉吉酚,taxagifine,Ⅵ)、2α,7β,9α,10β,19-五乙酰氧基-5α,11α-二羟基-12,16-环氧-紫杉烷-4(20)-烯-13-酮(19-去苯甲酰基-19-乙酰基紫杉宁M,Ⅶ)、2α,5β,13α-三乙酰氧基-1β,7β,9α,10β-四羟基-4,20-环氧-紫杉烷-11-烯(7β,9α,10β-三去乙酰基-1β-羟基-巴卡亭Ⅰ,南方红豆杉醇,taxumairol C,Ⅷ)、4α,10β,13α-三乙酰氧基-2α-苯甲酰氧基-1β,7β,9α-三羟基-5,20-环氧-紫杉烷-11-烯(9-二氢-13-乙酰基-巴卡亭Ⅲ,Ⅸ)、4α,13α-二乙酰氧基-2α-苯甲酰氧基-7β,9α,10β,15-四羟基-5,20-环氧-11(15→1)重排紫杉烷-11-烯(7,9,10-三去乙酰基重排巴卡亭Ⅵ,Ⅹ)。结论 化合物Ⅷ、Ⅹ为首次从东北红豆杉中分离得到。化合物Ⅲ为首次从东北红豆杉针叶中分离得到。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.