海人酸致痫大鼠海马CA3区神经元线粒体超微结构损伤及caspase-3的表达变化

目的观察海人酸(KA)诱导的癫痫持续状态(SE)大鼠海马CA3区神经元线粒体超微结构的损伤及caspase-3的表达变化.方法用KA诱导大鼠SE 2h.于SE终止后第3、12、24小时取海马,电镜观察线粒体的超微结构,免疫组化方法检测caspase-3的表达.腹腔内注射生理盐水的大鼠设为对照组.结果SE终止后3 h,电镜下可见线粒体肿胀及膜完整性的破裂.caspase-3的表达于SE后1 2 h较对照组增加,平均阳性细胞数及灰度值分别为10.49±0.68及45.57±2.27(P＜0.05);于SE后24 h,分别为37 36±0.57及11 5.24±1 22(P＜0.01).结论在实验性SE模型中,海马神经元线粒体超微结构的损伤早于caspase-3的表达,提示线粒体的损伤可能是SE后神经元损伤的关键环节.     

海人酸致癎大鼠海马CA_3区神经元线粒体与细胞核损伤及caspase-3表达的研究

目的观察海人酸(KA)诱导的癫疒间持续状态(SE)大鼠海马CA3区神经元线粒体与细胞核超微结构的损伤及caspase-3表达的变化。方法用KA诱导大鼠SE 2 h。分别于SE终止后第3 h、12 h、24 h取海马CA3区制作切片,光镜下观察神经元的变化,电镜下观察线粒体和细胞核的超微结构;免疫组化方法检测相同部位caspase-3的表达变化。结果光镜下SE后24 h神经元出现排列散乱、胞体皱缩、胞浆红染以及胞核固缩。电镜下SE后3 h,可见线粒体嵴肿胀及膜的崩解;SE后24 h细胞核染色质明显边聚。Caspase-3平均阳性细胞数及灰度值于SE后12 h较正常对照组显著增加(均P<0.05);24 h出现极显著增加(均P<0.01)。结论SE后早期海马神经元线粒体损伤可能是神经元损伤的关键环节。     

海人酸致(疒间)大鼠海马CA3区神经元线粒体与细胞核损伤及caspase-3表达的研究

目的观察海人酸（KA）诱导的癫痫持续状态（SE）大鼠海马CA,区神经元线粒体与细胞核超微结构的损伤及caspase-3表达的变化。方法用KA诱导大鼠SE2h。分别于SE终止后第3h、12h、24h取海马CA,区制作切片,光镜下观察神经元的变化,电镜下观察线粒体和细胞核的超微结构;免疫组化方法检测相同部位caspase-3的表达变化。结果光镜下SE后24h神经元出现排列散乱、胞体皱缩、胞浆红染以及胞核固缩。电镜下SE后3h,可见线粒体嵴肿胀及膜的崩解;SE后24h细胞核染色质明显边聚。Caspase-3平均阳性细胞数及灰度值于SE后12h较正常对照组显著增加（均P〈0．05）;24h出现极显著增加（均P〈0．01）。结论SE后早期海马神经元线粒体损伤可能是神经元损伤的关键环节。     

妥泰对海人酸致大鼠海马神经元线粒体损伤的保护作用

目的观察海人酸(KA)诱导的癫持续状态(SE)、大鼠海马CA3区神经元线粒体超微结构的损伤及妥泰(TPM)的保护作用。方法用TPM干预。用KA诱导大鼠SE 2h,并于癫终止后3h制作脑切片,用光镜观察神经元的大体损伤,并用电镜进一步观察线粒体的超微结构。结果KA组和TPM组大鼠均出现了线粒体超微结构的损伤,TPM组大鼠的损伤明显减轻。结论KA诱导的SE可导致海马神经元线粒体损伤,妥泰对此具有保护作用。     

妥泰对海人酸致癎大鼠海马神经元线粒体损伤的保护作用

目的观察海人酸（KA）诱导的癫痫持续状态（SE）、大鼠海马CA3区神经元线粒体超微结构的损伤及妥泰（TPM）的保护作用。方法用TPM干预。用KA诱导大鼠SE2h,并于癫痫终止后3h制作脑切片,用光镜观察神经元的大体损伤,并用电镜进一步观察线粒体的超微结构。结果KA组和TPM组大鼠均出现了线粒体超微结构的损伤,TPM组大鼠的损伤明显减轻。结论KA诱导的SE可导致海马神经元线粒体损伤,妥泰对此具有保护作用。     

不同潜伏期致痫大鼠海马神经元线粒体损伤及Fas、Bax、caspase-3的表达

目的观察不同潜伏期致癫痫状态大鼠海马CA3区神经元线粒体超微结构损伤及Fas、Bax、cas-pase-3的表达变化。方法分别采用海人酸腹腔注射(A组)和尾静脉注射(B组)诱发不同潜伏期的大鼠癫痫持续状态(SE)。于SE终止后不同时点取海马,电镜观察线粒体的超微结构,半定量RT-PCR检测Fas、Bax的mRNA水平,免疫组化检测caspase-3蛋白的表达。结果A组潜伏期为97±11min,线粒体肿胀,神经元呈凋亡征;B组潜伏期为48±13min,线粒体肿胀且伴膜的崩解,神经元呈坏死表现。对照组及B组未检测到Fas及Bax mRNA;A组Fas及Bax的mRNA表达均于SE后6h出现,24h增加,48h达高峰,并持续至72h。两组动物均在SE后6h出现caspase-3表达增高(P<0.001),24h达顶峰(P<0.001);A组高表达持续至72h,B组在48h点急剧降低。结论不同潜伏期的SE导致了不同程度的线粒体损伤,进而决定了神经元死亡的分子机制。     

两种不同用药途径点燃大鼠海马神经元线粒体损伤及caspase-3表达

目的观察两种不同用药途径点燃大鼠海马CA3区神经元线粒体超微结构损伤及caspase-3表达。方法分别采用海人酸腹腔注射（A组）和尾静脉注射（B组）诱发大鼠癫痫持续状态（SE）。于SE终止后不同时间点取海马，电镜观察线粒体的超微结构，半定量RT-PCR和免疫组化方法分别检测caspase-3在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达，并与对照组（正常大鼠）比较。结果A组潜伏期为（97±11）min，神经元呈凋亡特征，线粒体肿胀；B组潜伏期为（48±13）min，神经元呈坏死表现，线粒体肿胀且伴膜的崩解。A组于SE后12h出现caspase-3 mRNA的表达增高（与对照组相比，P〈0．001），24h达高峰，并持续至48h；B组未检测到caspase-3 mRNA的明显增高（与对照组相比，P〉0．05）。两组动物均在SE后6h出现caspase-3蛋白水平的表达增高（P〈0．001），24h达顶峰；A组高表达持续至48h，B组在48h显著降低。结论两种不同的点燃方式导致了大鼠不同程度的线粒体损伤和caspase-3在不同水平的表达，进而决定了神经元死亡的分子机制。     

不同潜伏期致痫大鼠海马神经元线粒体损伤及Fas和Bax表达

目的观察不同潜伏期致癫痫持续状态(SE)大鼠海马区神经元线粒体超微结构损伤及Fas和Bax的表达。方法分别采用海人酸腹腔注射(A组)和尾静脉注射(B组)诱发不同潜伏期的大鼠SE。于SE终止后3、6、24、48、72点取海马,电镜观察线粒体的超微结构,半定量RTPCR检测Fas、Bax的mRNA表达。另取10只不作任何处理的大鼠作为正常对照组。结果A组潜伏期为97±11min,线粒体肿胀,神经元呈凋亡征;B组潜伏期为48±13min,线粒体肿胀且伴膜的崩解,神经元呈坏死表现。B组Fas及BaxmRNA的表达与对照组相比无明显差异(P>0.05);与对照组相比A组Fas及BaxmRNA表达均于SE后6h增加(P<0.05),48h达高峰(P<0.001),并持续至72h(P<0.001)。结论不同潜伏期的SE导致了不同程度的线粒体损伤,进而决定了神经元死亡的分子机制。     

托吡酯对癫痫大鼠海马神经元超微结构及bcl-2表达的影响

目的观察托吡酯对癫痫大鼠海马神经元超微结构及bcl-2表达的影响,以探讨托吡酯可能的神经保护机制。方法将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、海人酸组(KA)和托吡酯预处理组(TPM)。采用海人酸腹膜腔注射制作癫痫持续状态(SE)模型。在SE模型制作前,TPM组大鼠用TPM(18mg/(kg·d))灌胃15d,同时用等量生理盐水给KA组大鼠灌胃。正常对照组大鼠不作任何处理。在痫性发作终止后6、24、48h取海马,电镜观察神经元的超微结构,免疫组化方法检测bcl-2的表达。结果KA组神经元呈凋亡特征。TPM组神经元结构大致正常,但出现核仁边聚和细胞器增多现象,亦观察到少量凋亡神经元。KA组于SE后6h观察到bcl-2表达增高(与对照组相比,P<0.05),于24h开始减弱,48h仅有微弱表达。TPM组在24h点有bcl-2的强表达(P<0.001),并持续至48h。结论托吡酯预处理能减轻癫痫大鼠神经元的损伤,其神经保护作用可能与bcl-2蛋白的表达上调有关。     

树脑缺血后海马线粒体应激与神经元损伤机制研究

目的研究光化学诱导树脑缺血后不同时间海马神经元细胞色素C(CytC)表达及caspase mRNA含量的改变;探讨脑缺血时神经元线粒体应激导致海马继发性损伤的分子机制。方法免疫组化法检测树缺血后不同时间缺血侧海马神经元CytC蛋白表达;低温差速离心分离海马脑组织线粒体和细胞质部分,western blot法检测其CytC的含量变化;实时荧光PCR检测海马组织caspase-3及caspase-9 mRNA。结果光化学诱导树脑缺血后,海马神经元CytC于24h时由线粒体释放入胞质,而caspase-3、caspase-9 mRNA显著升高,caspase-3与caspase-9之间具有相关性。结论光化学诱导树脑缺血后,海马神经元线粒体应激,促凋亡蛋白CytC从线粒体释放入胞质,改变了空间分布,启动caspase级联反应,是脑缺血后海马神经元继发性损伤的病理生理机制之一。     

Mental illness in England,in Scotland and in Scots living in England

Summary Beginning from the observation that Scots living in England have much higher rates of mental hospital admission than do the English, several hypotheses are proposed to account for this. Much of the excess in rates of mental illness is accounted for by those diagnosed as having alcohol-related disorders and behaviour and personality problems. The results of an examination of offical statistics in the two countries enabled some explanations to be offered. It was found that rates of admissions to mental hospitals are higher in Scotland than in England but not as high as those found among Scots migrants who have a much higher rate of readmission to hospitals than either of the other groups. In fact, if first admissions only are considered the rates of admission in Scotland are not only higher than rates for English natives but also higher than for Scottish migrants. It seems that Scots living in England are somewhat less likely to become mental patients than Scots in Scotland but that once they do achieve this status they are very much more likely to be readmitted on subsequent occasions. It was concluded that there might be two fairly distinct groups of migrants from Scotland to England who have different backgrounds, different reasons for migrating and different psychological characteristics. On the one hand there are stable, economically motivated migrants who move south for definite employment related reasons and who show few psychological symptoms. While on the other hand there is a group of migrants who perhaps have psychological problems and who move more in hope than expectation without definite prospects and who account for the high rates of mental hospital admission found in Scottish migrants.     

Prostacyclin release in the coronary circulation during sustained stimulation in in vitro and in in vivo experimental systems

Prostacyclin release from rat isolated perfused hearts and from dog coronary circulation was studied by measuring immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1a) in heart perfusate and in plasma obtained from the great cardiac vein respectively. Continuous infusion of arachidonic acid at constant concentration in isolated perfused hearts induced an increased prostacyclin release. This release showed a rapid peak within 10 min and a subsequent decrease. Low-flow ischemia induced an increased perfusate concentration of 6-keto-PGF1a but, considering the decreased flow, prostacyclin release was actually reduced. During the whole period of ischemia (60 min) prostacyclin release was constant. In open-chest anesthetized dogs 6-keto-PGF1a concentration in the great cardiac vein was increased after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A prolonged period of coronary occlusion (4.5 hours) resulted in a progressive rise of prostacyclin release. 6-keto-PGF1a determinations in the femoral vein and in the aorta did not show relevant variations during the observation period.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。     

神经介入：回眸2022

<正>2022年,国际上公布了多项大型神经介入领域的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）结果,在血管内治疗（endovascular treatment,EVT）急性大血管闭塞（large vessel occlusion,LVO）适应证的扩展、药物治疗、管理,症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄（symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,sICAS）治疗,无症状性颈动脉狭窄治疗,     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.