肝动脉化疗栓塞与灌注药物对肝癌疗效的比较

报告５０例不能手术切除的中、晚期肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞（ＨＡＣＥ）或灌注药物（ＨＡＩＣ）治疗的前瞻性临床观察比较结果，ＨＡＣＥ组２３例（６１次）和ＨＡＩＣ组２７例（７２次）治疗均成功，前者疗效（包括有效率、术后生存率）较后者为优（Ｐ＜０．０１），且两组副作用相仿。揭示ＨＡＣＥ是治疗肝癌更为有效的手段，并也适用于肝癌合并门脉瘤栓时。     

节拍性化疗联合ＴＡＣＥ治疗原发性肝癌的临床观察

目的：探讨节拍性化疗（ｍｅｔｒｏｎｏｍｉｃｃｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙ）联合肝动脉化疗栓塞（ＴＡＣＥ）对原发性肝癌（ＰＨＣ）的疗效及毒副反应。方法：经临床诊断的原发性肝癌４１例患者分为Ａ、Ｂ两组。Ａ组２１例,ＴＡＣＥ间歇期接受节拍性化疗,即每次ＴＡＣＥ术后１周给予替加氟１００ｍｇ口服,每日１次;环磷酰胺５０ｍｇ口服,每日１次,持续口服２～３周,休息１周;２～３次ＴＡＣＥ术后,持续节拍性化疗３～４个月。Ｂ组２０例,仅用ＴＡＣＥ治疗。每月复查血常规、肝功能、Ｂ超、ＣＴ和ＡＦＰ等,并评价疗效。结果：Ａ、Ｂ两组患者中位生存期分别为１８个月和１２个月,Ａ组近期疗效为７６％,Ｂ组近期疗效为４５％,差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００５）。Ａ组１年存活率为6０％,Ｂ组为３３％,两组差异显著（Ｐ＜０.０５）。两组毒副反应相似,无显著性差异。结论：采用ＴＡ-ＣＥ联合节拍性化疗治疗原发性肝癌,能够提高近期疗效,且不增加毒副反应。     

中晚期肝癌以介入治疗10例分析

目的 评价肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞（ＨＡＣＥ）和Ｂ超引导下经皮穿刺注射无水乙醇（ＰＥＩ）联合治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效。方法 １０例中晚期肝癌患者采用ＨＡＣＥ加ＰＥＩ或ＨＡＣＥ加手术切除。旨栓组观察有效率为６０％（ＣＲ＋ＰＲ），症状缓解率为９０％，半年，一年生存率分别为７０％和５０％，未发生明显副作用。结论 ＨＡＣＥ加ＰＥＩ是治疗中晚期肝癌较好方法，可取得良好的疗效，且宜在基层医院推广。     

皮下植入式输注装置在肝癌化疗中的

我院从１９９１年２月至１９９２年３月共皮下植入输注装置（以下简称装置）化疗肝癌８例，其中原发性肝癌（ＰＬＣ）７例，继发性肝癌（ＳＬＣ）１例。根治性手术同叶植输注装置６例，术后经装置输注化疗药物有明显预防发的作用。非根治性手术皮下植输注装置２例，术后经化疗观察症状改善，瘤体缩小，延长了寿命，皮下植装置操作简便安全，是治疗肝癌和预防术后复发的重要措施。     

肝细胞癌患者术前ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ含量对术后肝功能影响的初步研究

目的　探讨肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）患者术前ＨＢＶＤＮＡ含量对切除术后肝功能恢复的影响。方法　收集我科２００７年１月至２００７年６月行手术切除治疗的原发性肝癌患者共２１７例，应用实时荧光定量ＰＣＲ方法检测血清中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ，按照ＨＢＶＤＮＡ含量分为两组：Ａ组（ＨＢＶＤＮＡ≥１.０×１０^５拷贝／ｍｌ）６８例，Ｂ组（ＨＢＶＤＮＡ＜１.０×１０^５拷贝／ｍｌ）１４９例。严密观察患者术后肝功能变化情况，采用ＳＰＳＳ１３.０软件进行统计分析。结果　术后两组患者的肝功能变化存在着显著差异，Ａ组的肝功能损伤程度高于Ｂ组。术后第１、３、７天，丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ＡＬＴ）和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（ＡＳＴ）数值Ａ组明显高于Ｂ组，而前白蛋白数值则Ｂ组高于Ａ组，两组差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＜００５）；术后第３、７天，总胆红素（ＴＢＩＬ）数值Ａ组明显高于Ｂ组，两组差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０.０５）。除术前凝血酶原时间（ＰＴ）、前白蛋白、ＴＢＩＬ、ＡＳＴ和术中肝门阻断时间外，术前ＨＢＶＤＮＡ浓度对术后第７天的血清ＴＢＩＬ水平有显著影响。结论　ＨＣＣ患者术前ＨＢＶＤＮＡ含量对于术后肝功能恢复有明显影响，对术前ＨＢＶＤＮＡ含量较高的患者应在治疗肝癌的同时给予抗病毒治疗。     

肝癌切除术后栓塞化疗与LAK细胞／IL－2的作用

目的探讨肝癌切除术后进行栓塞化疗或（和）淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞（ＬＡＫ）／白介素－２（ＩＬ－２）的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析肝癌切除术后３年以上患者１０４例，比较单纯切除（Ａ组）、切除加栓塞化疗（Ｂ组）和切除加栓塞化疗加ＬＡＫ细胞／ＩＬ－２（Ｃ组）的预后情况。结果３年生存率在Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ组分别为３０％、５４．３％、５７．１％。根治性切除病例，Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ组的３年复发率分别为７６．７％、４６．７％、４１．７％。单纯手术组的生存率显著低于其他两组，而根治性切除后的复发率则显著比另两组为高。结论肝癌切除联合栓塞化疗或（和）ＬＡＫ细胞／ＩＬ－２治疗有助于改善肝癌患者的预后。     

原发性肝癌肝切除术肝动脉与门静脉灌注化疗的比较

目的评价原发性肝癌根治性切除术后肝动脉灌注化疗与门静脉灌注化疗的疗效，探讨原发性肝癌根治性切除术后复发及转移的预防途径。方法经病理确诊的原发性肝癌７５例，其中４２例行根治性切除及术后选择性肝动脉插管化疗，３３例行根治性切除及术后门静脉灌注化疗。每隔１～３个月重复，定期复查。结果原发性肝癌切除术后肝动脉灌注化疗组的术后复发率（２１．４３％）低于门静脉灌注化疗组（３６．３６％），且生存时间（１１．４个月）明显较门静脉灌注化疗组（７．６个月）长，而门静脉灌注化疗组的转移率（９．０９％）明显低于肝动脉灌注化疗组（３２．１４％）。结论原发性肝癌根治性切除术后行肝动脉灌注化疗较门静脉灌注化疗疗效好，而原发性肝癌切除术后同时结合肝动脉、门静脉灌注化疗对术后预防肿瘤的复发与转移可能更为理想     

术后肝动脉门静脉化疗预防肝癌复发的探讨

目的 探讨肝癌术后肝动脉和门静脉联合化疗对预防肝癌复发的作用。方法 对３８例原发性肝癌根治术后的１～２周开始经肝动脉和门静脉灌注化疗药物，３天为１周期，每隔３～４周重复灌注（平均灌注２．３周期），并以２５例单纯手术未化化疗者作对照，比较其复发率及生存率。结果 随访２～５年，治疗组９例复发，复发病例和术前肿瘤大小，ＨＡＡ、ＡＦＰ及肝功能无明显差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。对照组复发１３例。两组的１、２、３、     

肝动脉栓塞结合无水酒精注射治疗复发性肝癌

目的 应用肝动脉栓塞（ＴＡＣＥ）结合无水酒精注射（ＰＥＩ）治疗２５例肝癌根治性切除术后肝内复发的患者，与同期接受单一治疗的３７例肝内复发患者进行疗效比较。方法 １９９１年３月￣１９９３年１２月，９８例原发性肝癌患者接受根治性肝切降术，临床跟踪６２例发生肝内复发。其中２５例（第１组）行ＴＡＣＥ＋ＰＥＩ治疗，每２￣３个月重得一次，同时行Ｂ超，碘油（Ｌｉｐｉｄｏｌ）－ＣＴ（ＬＰ－ＣＴ）检查。３７例（第２     

肝动脉插管＋B超引导下经皮经肝门静脉穿刺化疗栓塞治疗原发？…

目的：探讨肝动脉插管联合经皮肝穿刺选择门静脉化疗栓塞（ＴＡＣＥ＋ＳＰＶＥ）治疗不能手术的中晚期肝癌的效果。方法：对不能手术切除的中晚期肝癌１５例在ＴＡＣＥ术后１周,行超声引导下经皮经肝穿刺选择性门静脉化疗栓塞。结果：ＴＡＣＥ＋ＳＰＶＥ１５例共行４９次,治疗后肿瘤缩小１３例,ＡＦＰ转阴５例,二期手术３例,１例肿瘤缩小８０％,ＡＦＰ转阴。１年生存率８０％（８／１０）。结论：ＴＡＣＥ＋ＳＰＶＥ是治疗不能     

干扰素联合肝动脉化疗栓塞和门静脉化疗对预防肝癌切除术后复发的价值

目的 探讨肝癌患者在肝癌切除术后细胞免疫功能的变化,以及干扰素联合肝动脉化疗栓塞(HACE)和门静脉化疗(PVC)对预防术后复发的价值。方法 75例行根治性切除的原发性肝癌患者,在术后第2周末和第4周末分别给予PVC和HACE,其中33例在术后第2周给予干扰素治疗1周。72例患者获随访3年以上,比较干扰素联合HACE和PVC与仅应用HACE和PVC预防肝癌切除术后复发的效果。采用单抗标记直接免疫花环法,测定肝癌患者在手术切除前后和应用干扰素前后外周血T细胞亚群的变化。另外选择40例周期因胆囊结石行胆囊切除术的患者作为对照组。结果 肝癌患者外周血CD3^ 、CD4^ 细胞明显减少,在肝癌切除术后进一步减少,CD4^ ／CD8^ 降低,在术后4周恢复到术前水平;应用干扰素可使CD3^ 、CD4^ 细胞明显增多,CD4^ ／CD8^ 显著升高。在肝癌切除术后,干扰素联合HACE和PVC患者的1,2和3年复发率分别为0．6．2％和15．6％;而仅应用HACE和PVC患者的1,2和3年复发率分别为5．0％、12．5％和27．5％。结论 肝癌患者的细胞免疫功能明显低下,而且在肝癌切除术后进一步被抑制;干扰素可提高肝癌患者的细胞免疫功能;干扰素联合HACE和PVC能更有效地预防肝癌切除术后的复发。     

The Value of Interferon Combined with Hepatic Artery Chemoembolization and Portal Vein Chemotherapy in Preventing a Recurrence after Radical Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE The change of cell immune function after hepatectomy of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually neglected. The aim of this study was to explore the change of T cell subsets in HCC patients after hepatectomy, and to study the value of treatment with interferon (INF)combined with hepatic artery chemoembolization (HACE) and portal vein chemotherapy (PVC) to prevent recurrence after radical resection of HCC.METHODS Seventy-five HCC patients were treated with PVC and HACE at the 2nd week and 4th week after radical tumor resection. In the 2nd week after surgery, 33 pationts received INF treatment for one week. Seventy-two patients were followed up over three years. The effect of INF combined with HACE and PVC on the postoperative recurrence rate was compared with that of HACE and PVC treatment. Changes of T cell subsets in the peripheral blood were examined with labeled monoclonal antibodies before and after hepatectomy or with use of interferon. Forty cholecystolithiasis patients who received a cholecystectomy were used as controls.RESULTS CD3^ and CD4^ cells in the peripheral blood were reduced in patients with HCC. After hepatectomy, they declined further with a decrease in the CD4^ /CD8^ ratio. The values returned to pre-operative level at the 4th week after surgery. The CD3^ and CD4^ cells and the CD4^ /CD8^ ratio increased remarkably following the use of INF. The 1-, 2- and 3-year recurrent rates of patients treated with HACE, PVC and INF in combination were 0%, 6.2% and 15.6%, respectively, while those treated only with HACE and PVC were 5.0%, 12.5% and 27.5%, respectively.CONCLUSION Patients with HCC suffer from a marked immunosuppression, which become ever more severe after hepatectomy. The combined use of HACE, PVC and INF is superior in decreasing the recurrent rate to the combination of only HACE and PVC.     

外阴癌临床治疗309例报告

目的　分析外阴癌不同治疗方法的结果 ,并探讨其复发转移的特征。方法　采用回顾性研究的方法 ,对 30 9例外阴癌的临床治疗结果进行分析。结果　 30 9例患者总的 5年生存率为6 7.9% ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ期的 5年生存率分别为 86 .9%、82 .5 %、5 9.2 %和 43.6 %。总的治疗失败率为49 .8% (其中 2年内失败者占 6 9.5 % ) ;复发部位依复发时间不同而异 ,83.6 %的腹股沟、盆腔及远处转移发生在治疗后 2年内 ,外阴局部复发占 2年后治疗失败的 81.1%。外阴癌复发转移与年龄无关。Ⅰ期癌各种治疗方法的生存率及治疗失败率差异无显著性。Ⅱ期癌外阴根治性切除 腹股沟清扫术生存率较高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;腹股沟淋巴结阳性者 ,手术治疗的失败率显著低于放疗 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;腹股沟淋巴结阴性者 ,两种治疗方式差异无显著性 ;腹股沟预防照射剂量Dm达 6 0Gy者 ,失败率显著低于剂量Dm <6 0Gy者 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　早期外阴癌应施行外阴根治性切除 ,加施预防性淋巴清扫或腹股沟足量放疗 ;对中晚期患者 ,争取切除原发灶及行腹股沟淋巴清扫 ,并辅以术前、术后放疗。     

TNM分期对评价肝细胞癌切除术预后的价值

目的　研究ＴＮＭ 分期与原发性肝细胞癌术后无瘤生存的相关性,探讨其预测手术远期疗效的价值。方法　对１ ７２５ 例行根治和相对根治性切除的肝癌患者进行回顾性随访,将随访资料完整的１ ４５７例临床和病理因素应用Ｃｏｘ 模型进行单因素和多因素分析,无瘤生存期（ 率） 采用ＫａｐｌａｎＭｅｉｅｒ 法计算。结果　Ｃｏｘ 模型单因素分析结果显示,有１３ 个相关临床因素影响肝癌术后无瘤生存时间;多因素分析显示,其中术前影像学检查瘤灶数目、瘤灶的大小、有无瘤旁子灶和肝内血管（ 包括癌巢内外微小血管） 是否受到侵犯与无瘤生存期有着密切关系。ＴＮＭⅠ期和Ⅱ期患者的术后无瘤生存率明显高于Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期,但是Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期之间差异无显著性。结论　ＴＮＭ 分类基本上反映了肝癌切除术的预后,与现今常用的临床３ 期分类结合应用,能较客观地预见术后远期疗效,并有助于临床医生治疗方法的选择。     

原发性肝癌根治切除后介入治疗对复发防治的疗效评价

目的 探讨原发性肝癌根治切除术后肝动脉介入综合治疗对肝昨发的防治效果。方法 根治术后定期复查肝功能、甲胎蛋白（ＡＦＰ）、Ｂ超、胸片等,于术后２个月按Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ法行肝动脉造影或碘化油ＣＴ检查,根据有无残癌分为两组;无残癌者为预防组,有残癌者为治疗组。预防组术后２个月和５个月分别行预防量的肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗,以观察复发率和生存期,治疗组按常规量行肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗,每２个月得１次以观察生存期。     

Evaluation of Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Gastric Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To study the proper sites and doses of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for gastric carcinoma and the effects of this treatment.METHODS A total of 106 cases of stage Ⅰ- Ⅳ gastric carcinoma who received a D2 or D3 radical resection operation combined with IORT were analyzed. Sixty-seven patients with gastric cancer of the antrum and body received distal gastrectomy. The sites of irradiation were at the celiac artery and hepatoduodenal ligament area. Another 39 patients with carcinoma of the cardia and upper part of the gastric body and whole stomach received proximal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy. The sites of irradiation for this group were the upper margin of the pancreas and the regional paraaorta.The therapeutic effects (including survival and complications) of these 106cases who received a combined operation IORT (IORT group) were compared with 441 cases treated during the same time period by a radical resection operation alone (operation group).RESULTS The radiation dose below 30 Gy was safe. The therapeutic method of the operation combined with IORT did not prolong the survival time of patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅳ gastric cancer, but the 5-year survival rates of patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric cancers were significantly improved.While the 5-year survival rates of the stage Ⅲ cancer patients receiving D2 resection combined with IORT had marked improvement, for those receiving a D3 radical resection, only the postoperative survival rates at 3 and 4 years of those cases in stages Ⅲ cancers were improved (P＜0.005-0.001). The 5-year survival rate for those patients was raised only 4.7%(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION The 5-year survival rates of patients with stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric carcinoma who received a D2 lymphadenectomy combined with IORT were improved and had no influence on the postoperative complications and mortality.     

肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗:291例回顾

目的 分析一个单位1986年-2002年间治疗肝门部胆管癌291例的经验。方法 回顾1986年-2002年在解放军总医院肝胆外科治疗291例肝门部胆管癌的纪录,病例分为2组:Ⅰ组:1986年1月-1999年1月,共157例;Ⅱ组为1999年2月-2002年6月,共134例。外科治疗手段包括根治性切除术、姑息性切除术或内、外胆道引流术,主要是依据手术中所发现的病理情况决定。根治性切除术的标准是指切除的边缘病理上未发现残留癌细胞者。根治性切除率在两组分别为37.6％和41.2％。无切除术后30天内死亡。随访结果是通过信件、电话及门诊获得,随访率为88.8％。结果 在我国,肝外胆管癌是并非少见的疾病,近年来手术治疗的病例数有增多倾向。然而,由于肿瘤居于肝门部胆管的深在位置,所以根治性切除手术有困难,甚至联合肝切除亦难以达到根治目的,因而在两组病例中,根治性切除率分别仅为37.6％和41.2％。在第Ⅰ组中,有4例病人于切除术后长期无瘤生存,5年以上生存率为13.3％;另有2例病人亦生存达5年以上,但癌复发,现仍在接受进一步治疗。在第Ⅱ组中尚未有5年生存者,3年生存率为13.6％。结论 肝门部胆管癌是多态性的疾病,只有极少数表现为较“良性”的倾向,而绝大多数则于手术切除后易于复发,虽然手术似乎是已达治愈性。切除性治疗,甚至是姑息性切     

“Three-Grade Criteria” of Radical Resection for Primary Liver Cancer

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to develop the “Three- Grade Criteria” for radical resection of primary liver cancer （PLC） and to evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS Criteria for radical resection of PLC were summed up to 3 grades based on criterion development. Grade Ⅰ： complete removal of all gross tumors with no residual tumor at the excision margin. Grade Ⅱ： on the basis of Grade Ⅰ, additional 4 requirements were added： （1） the tumor was not more than two in number; （2） no tumor thrombi in the main trunks or the primary branches of the portal vein, the common hepatic duct or its primary branches, the hepatic veins or the inferior vena cava; （3）no hilar lymph nodes metastases; （4）no extrahepatic metastases. Grade Ⅲ ： in addition to the above criteria, negative postoperative follow-up result including AFP dropping to a normal level （with positive AFP before surgery） within 2 months after operation, and no residual tumor upon diagnostic imaging.The clinical data from 354 patients with PLC who underwent hepatectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Based on the “Three-Grade Criteria” these patients were divided into 6 groups： Grade Ⅰ radical group, Grade Ⅰ palliative group, Grade Ⅱ radical group, Grade Ⅱ palliative group, Grade Ⅲ radical group, Grade Ⅲ palliative group. The survival rate of each group was calculated by the life-table method and the rates compared among the groups. RESULTS The survival rate of patients receiving radical treatment was better than those receiving palliative treatment （P〈0.01）. Survival improved as more criteria were applied. The 5-year survival rate of the patients in Grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ who underwent radical resection was 43.2%, 51.2% and 64.4%, respectively （P〈0.01）. CONCLUSION The “Three-Grade Criteria” may be applied for judging the curability of resection therapy for PLC. The stricter the criterion used, the better the survival would be. Adopting high-grade criteria to select cases and guide operations and strengthening postoperative follow-up would improve the results of hepatectomy for PLC.     

Treatment selection for stage I breast cancer--report of 412 cases

From 1958 to 1982, 412 Stage I breast cancer patients treated by simple operation, operation plus radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy are reported. Of them, 312 were treated by radical mastectomy (R), 43 by simple mastectomy (S), 31 by modified radical mastectomy (M), 20 by tumorectomy (T) and 6 by extended radical mastectomy (E). The results showed that M and T with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy were similar to R in terms of survival and recurrence rates. There were no differences between R, S, M, E groups and combined treatment group in recurrence rate, but there was a significant difference between T group and combined treatment group (P less than 0.01). Recurrence rate of patients with positive axillary lymph nodes was similar to that of patients with negative nodes, because 91.5% of the former patients received combined treatment, but only 54.3% of the latter patients did (P less than 0.01). Six cases in T group recurred and 4 (67%) of them were retreated by salvage surgery. Three cases survived for 15 years, giving a better result than radical mastectomy. It is indicated that modified radical mastectomy and tumorectomy plus combined treatment are advisable for Stage I breast cancer. Prospective randomized clinical trials for assessment of different treatment modalities are needed.     

The Use of Postoperative Serum HS-AFP and GGT Ⅱ for Judgment of the Prognosis for Hepatocellular Carcinoma patients

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical value of hepatoma-specific alpha -fetoprotein (HS-AFP) and gamma-glutamyltransferaseⅡ(GGTⅡ) for judgment of postoperative prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS HS-AFP was separated and determined using native polyacrylamide electrophoresis with a discontinuous buffer system and Western blots. GGTⅡwas separated with native polyacrylamide electrophoresis with a discontinuous buffer system and detected by enzyme staining. Forty cases with HCC underwent serial determination of HS-AFP and GGTⅡbefore and after radical excision. The correlations were analyzed between the two indices and survival time. RESULTS In the 40 cases with HCC, before radical excision the positive rates of HS-AFP and GGTⅡwere 57.5% and 67.5% respectively, with the positive rate of combined HS-AFP and GGTⅡreaching 80.0%. After operation, the recurrence and metastasis rate in the groups with positive HS-AFP and GGTⅡwere 90.9% and 58.8% respectively, while in the groups with negative HS-AFP and GGTⅡthe rates were 20.7% and 26.1% respectively. Recurrence and metastasis occurred in all cases with both postoperative positive HS-AFP and GGTⅡbut only in 9.5% of the cases in whom both postoperative HS-AFP and GGTⅡwere negative. Univariate analysis revealed that postoperative HS-AFP and GGTⅡwere related to the prognosis in HCC. CONCLUSION Postoperative serum HS-AFP and GGTⅡare very useful in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients.