安徽省某农村地区智力残疾妇女生殖健康危害现况调查

目的 了解安徽省某农村地区智力残疾妇女生殖健康危害状况。方法 运用成人智力残疾评定量表评定18～55岁农村智力残疾妇女687人，同时在同一行政村选取智力评定正常的妇女392人为对照组。调查两组妇女生殖健康危害状况。结果 两组妇女和丈夫的上学年限间差别具有显著性意义。智力残疾妇女出现自然流产、死胎死产、新生儿死亡、子女先天畸形等生殖健康危害的风险与对照组间差别有显著性意义，但不同智力残疾等级妇女的子女出现至少1项出生缺陷的差别无显著性意义。结论 农村地区智力残疾妇女生殖健康危害严重，为切实提高人口素质应重视农村地区妇女生殖保健工作。     

Comprehensive mental health care in a pediatric dialysis-transplantation program.

The dialysis-transplantation (D-T) program at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto has a mental health component directed by a psychiatrist and a social worker. As of Jan. 1, 1975, 53 kidney transplants had been carried out on 44 children. Patients and their families are counselled continuously by the psychiatrist and the social worker before, during and after transplantation. Members of the multidisciplinary team meet regularly to plan treatment for the children. Mental health issues are an integral part of team discussions and help determine D-T program policy. Psychological preparation, mental health consultation, therapeutic intervention and continuous counselling prevent many of the mental health problems that plague a D-T program.     

Workload and health complaints in overtime workers: a survey

BACKGROUND: In epidemiological studies on workload and complaints on health, the dose-response relationship should be assessed to design a strategy for the prevention of disease or disability. Evaluation for the relationship between workload and complaints were urgently required. METHODS: The study population consisted of 109 male workers at a car manufacturer workplace. These observations were analyzed to determine exposure to load and subjective complains by standardized questionnaire. Workloads of the target subjects were divided into four groups (A to D), according to the scores of a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Percentage of feeling stressful to each of seven items such as overtime work, irregular work, official trip, nighttime work, no rest and/or no nap, mental workload, and physical workload were 62.4, 34.9, 0.9, 23.9, 18.3, 65.1, and 33.9%, respectively. Pearson's moment correlation coefficient between workload and health complaint was 0.585. After adjusting for age, it became 0.586. Furthermore, odds ratio of the subjects who were grouped into C or D were 13.6 (95% confidence interval 3.0 to 61.4) and 48.0 (95% confidence interval 4.3 to 537.3) against group A, which were all significant. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant relationship between workload and health complaints in this questionnaire survey. To prevent or lower complaints of workers, improvements of working conditions such as overtime work are recommended to reduce health risk.     

Behavioral health providers' beliefs about health information exchange: a statewide survey

Objective

To assess behavioral health providers'' beliefs about the benefits and barriers of health information exchange (HIE).

Methods

Survey of a total of 2010 behavioral health providers in a Midwestern state (33% response rate), with questions based on previously reported open-ended beliefs elicitation interviews.

Results

Factor analysis resulted in four groupings: beliefs that HIE would improve care and communication, add cost and time burdens, present access and vulnerability concerns, and impact workflow and control (positively and negatively). A regression model including all four factors parsimoniously predicted attitudes toward HIE. Providers clustered into two groups based on their beliefs: a majority (67%) were positive about the impact of HIE, and the remainder (33%) were negative. There were some professional/demographic differences between the two clusters of providers.

Discussion

Most behavioral health providers are supportive of HIE; however, their adoption and use of it may continue to lag behind that of medical providers due to perceived cost and time burdens and concerns about access to and vulnerability of information.     

The electoral register as a sampling frame in a community health survey

Experience with the electoral register as a sampling frame in a cross-sectional health study of a Jamaican community is outlined. A satisfactory yield of 83.7% (of possible minimum) was obtained with non-sample or wastage accounting for 7.3% of the chosen sample. The social organisation of the community is seen as limiting the applicability of the register, but overall, it presents itself as a potentially useful tool in community health surveys.     

US physicians in international health. Report of a current survey

Little is known about the magnitude and specifics of current involvement of US physicians in international health. This report presents results of a survey of 1,257 organizations with interests in international health work and discusses career opportunities and needed training for US physicians in international health.     

北京延庆农村支气管哮喘流行病学调查结果

目的:了解北京延庆农村支气管哮喘(哮喘)的流行病情况和易患因素.方法:对北京市延庆县5个自然村40岁以上1 638人进行入户问卷调查,包括呼吸系统症状、行为习惯、个人史、家族史;进行体检及肺功能检查(通气功能及支气管舒张试验);根据喘息发作特点、体征、肺功能检查确诊哮喘.危险因素经单变量分析后,将统计学上有意义的危险因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果:在1 638名年龄大于40岁人群中发现哮喘患者31人,患病率为1.89%(31/1 638).女性明显多于男性.哮喘发作的诱因以感冒、冷空气、被动吸烟及油烟刺激等为主.幼年时有呼吸道疾病史、14岁以前咳嗽病史、生物燃料使用年限在哮喘组与非哮喘组间差异有统计学意义,14岁以前咳嗽病史与哮喘发生关系更为密切.该地区哮喘明确诊断比例只有12.9%.结论:北京延庆地区40岁以上人群哮喘患病率较高,改变人群生活习惯,控制14岁以前呼吸道感染,可能减少哮喘患病的危险因素.对农村地区的哮喘防治应该更加重视.     

在一项全国人口健康调查中慢性鼻窦炎和动脉高血压的关系

背景:确定在加拿大人群中鼻窦炎是否与动脉高血压相关。方法:对参加第二轮全国人口健康调查(NPH S;1996—1997年)、年龄在20～64岁的52992例受试者(25324例男性,27668例女性)的横断面资料进行研究,采用混合分层、多阶段筛选、受试者获选概率不等的复合调查设计。所有受试者均被问及是否患有持续或可能持续6个月以上的某些特定慢性病,包括鼻窦炎和高血压。结果:男性中鼻窦炎患者患高血压的比例仅增加2%(9.3%vs7.1%),而在女性中差异为4%(11.8%vs7.6%)。经年龄、地区、居住地、移居情况、家庭规模、卧室数量、收入情况、教育水平、吸烟情况、…     

关于农村地区对SARS认知及防护措施的调查研究

目的:了解农村群众关于SARS的认知水平和防护能力;快速向有关决策部门提供农村防治SARS的现状,制订切合农村实际的防治措施.方法:采用实地观察、电话访问、个人访谈、问卷调查等定性与定量研究相结合的方法,于2003年5月5日至7日,对北京市平谷区农村1 18名村民进行了有关SARS知识和防护措施的调查.结果:97.7%的人认为SA RS是传染病;73.0 %的人知道该病是通过飞沫传播的;94.4%的人知道早期症状是发烧;86.8%的人知道开窗通气是最好的预防措施;90.0%的人认为该病能够治疗;92.4%的群众通过电视获得以上知识. 结论:类似该地的农村地区已基本具备了控制疫情扩散和蔓延的群众基础.     

Comprehensive health care for women in Georgia

In summary, comprehensive health care for women begins first with a paradigm shift that acknowledges women's health is more than reproductive health. Second, it requires viewing women's health issues from an across the lifespan perspective. This perspective includes addressing women's health beginning with the formative years, through reproductive health and sexuality to the frail elderly. The OWH has launched a statewide effort, with input from the leadership of Georgia, including an eleven-member advisory council attached to the office to develop a comprehensive women's health plan. The OWH will partner with public and private organizations, academic institutions and other government agencies to devise a course of action that addresses the health needs of all women, of all ages, including racial and ethnic backgrounds, and socioeconomic and education levels. This plan will serve as a guide for those organizations whose interest is meeting Healthy People 2010 broad objective of increasing the quality and years of healthy life for women.     

Violence in the emergency department: a survey of health care workers

BACKGROUND: Violence in the workplace is an ill-defined and underreported concern for health care workers. The objectives of this study were to examine perceived levels of violence in the emergency department, to obtain health care workers' definitions of violence, to determine the effect of violence on health care workers and to determine coping mechanisms and potential preventive strategies. METHODS: A retrospective written survey of all 163 emergency department employees working in 1996 at an urban inner-city tertiary care centre in Vancouver. The survey elicited demographic information, personal definition of violence, severity of violence, degree of stress as a result of violence and estimate of the number of encounters with violence in the workplace in 1996. The authors examined the effects of violence on job performance and job satisfaction, and reviewed coping and potential preventive strategies. RESULTS: Of the 163 staff, 106 (65%) completed the survey. A total of 68% (70/103) reported an increased frequency of violence over time, and 60% (64/106) reported an increased severity. Most of the respondents felt that violence included witnessing verbal abuse (76%) and witnessing physical threats or assaults (86%). Sixty respondents (57%) were physically assaulted in 1996. Overall, 51 respondents (48%) reported impaired job performance for the rest of the shift or the rest of the week after an incident of violence. Seventy-seven respondents (73%) were afraid of patients as a result of violence, almost half (49%) hid their identities from patients, and 78 (74%) had reduced job satisfaction. Over one-fourth of the respondents (27/101) took days off because of violence. Of the 18 respondents no longer working in the emergency department, 12 (67%) reported that they had left the job at least partly owing to violence. Twenty-four-hour security and a workshop on violence prevention strategies were felt to be the most useful potential interventions. Physical exercise, sleep and the company of family and friends were the most frequent coping strategies. INTERPRETATION: Violence in the emergency department is frequent and has a substantial effect on staff well-being and job satisfaction.     

Smoking and mental health: results from a community survey

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of smoking with depression and anxiety symptoms and with risk factors for depression. DESIGN AND SETTING: A community survey conducted in Canberra in 1997. PARTICIPANTS: 2725 persons aged 18-79 sampled from the electoral roll. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Smoking was investigated in relation to psychiatric symptoms (anxiety, depression, alcohol misuse), sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, education, occupational status), social stressors (divorce, unemployment, financial difficulties, negative life events, childhood adversity), personality (extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism), and social support (family and friends). RESULTS: Smokers had more depression and anxiety symptoms, more stressors and lower socioeconomic status compared with non-smokers. The association between smoking and psychiatric symptoms persisted even when stressors, socioeconomic characteristics and other factors were statistically controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is associated with poorer mental health. In helping patients to give up smoking, doctors need to be aware that some may have underlying mental health problems that require attention.     

三峡库区移民与非移民老年人身心健康状况的调查

目的 研究三峡库区老年移民群体身心健康状况.方法 采用多级分层随机抽样法选择三峡库区年龄在60岁及以上的老年人进行调查,按是否移民,将其分为移民组(n=376)与对照组(n=228),应用自编老年人状况调查表、康奈尔医学指数(CMI)及社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对其一般情况、身心健康状况及社会支持度进行研究.结果 移...