慢性非甲—戊型肝炎患者血清中庚型肝炎病毒核酸的检测及部分核苷…

目的 了解庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）在慢性非甲－戊型肝炎发病中的作用，并测定其非结构基因５（ＮＳ５）区部分核苷酸序列，方法 以逆转录－套式－聚合酶链反应法检测ＨＧＶＲＮＡ，并对阳性者血清中扩增出的９９４ｂｐ长的ｃＤＮＡ直接测序。结果 ３５例慢性非甲－戊型肝炎患者中１例血清ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性（２．９％）。该患者ＨＧＶＮＳ５区部分核苷酸序列与美国株ＰＮＦ２１６１及Ｒ１０２９１的同源性分别为８７．９５％及８９     

66例慢性非甲非乙型肝炎患者的丙型肝炎病毒感染研究

以ＨＣＶ－Ｔ３序列为引物，结合ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ和寡聚核甘酸探针Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交，检测６６例慢性非甲非乙型肝炎（ＮＡＮＢＨ）患者的血浆ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ，阳性４２例（６３．６％）。同样病例以相当于ＨＣＶＣ区基因编码和ＮＳ３区编码的人工合成肽抗原检测抗ＨＣＶ，阳性４９例（７４．２％）。这６６例慢性ＮＡＮＢＨ病例，抗ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ双阳性者３８例（５７．６％）；抗ＨＣＶ阴性而ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性者４例（６．１％）；抗ＨＣＶ阳性而ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阴性者１１例（１６．７％）。其中诊断为散发型ＮＡＮＢＨ者３５例，检出ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ者１７例（４８．６％），为输血后ＮＡＮＢＨ者３１例，检出ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ者２５例（８０．７％）。     

佛山市庚型肝炎病毒检测和部分基因序列分析

目的了解佛山庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）感染状况，分析ＨＧＶ非结构基因（ＮＳ）３区部分核苷酸序列。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应检测血清ＨＧＶＲＮＡ，对一例肝炎患者的ＨＧＶ（ＨＧＶＣ－ＦＳ）ＮＳ３区８１８ｂｐ片段作克隆及序列分析。结果８０例非甲－戊型肝炎患者和１０５例静脉吸毒者ＨＧＶＲＮＡ检出率分别为６．３％（５／８０）和２３．８％（２５／１０５），ＨＧＶＣ－ＦＳＮＳ３区片段核苷酸序列与ＨＧＶ－Ｕ４４４０２、Ｕ４５９６６、Ｕ３６３８０及ＨＧＶＣ９６４相同区段同源性为８５．５％、８５．６％、８８．０％、８９．２％。结论佛山存在ＨＧＶ感染，静脉吸毒者感染率较高，ＨＧＶ可能不是非甲－戊型肝炎主要致病因素。ＨＧＶＣ－ＦＳ与ＨＧＶＣ９６４同源性最高。     

HCV RNA链扩增反应（PCR）检测及其基因分型方法的建立

我们用选自ＨＣＶ５’ＮＣＲ和Ｃ区引物建立了检测血清中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ及其基因型的ＲＴ／ＰＣＲ方法，可以敏感而特异地检出血清中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ及其４种基因型。５０例抗ＨＣＶ阳性献血员ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检出率为８４％（４２／５０），４２例ＨＣＶＲＮＡ阳性者中ＨＣＶⅡ型占５９．５％（２５／４２），Ｉ型和混合型（包括Ⅰ／Ⅱ、Ⅱ／Ⅲ、Ⅰ／Ⅲ和Ⅰ／Ⅱ／Ⅲ各２例）分别占１１．９％和１９％，另有４例Ｃ区分型结果阴性，为未定型，占９．５％，没有发现Ⅳ型。上述结果说明我国献血员中存在无症状ＨＣＶ携带者，ＨＣＶ基因型则以Ⅱ型为主，Ⅰ型次之，Ⅲ型较少。     

地高辛标记探针原位杂交检测肝组织中丙型肝炎病毒RNA

用地高辛标记ＨＣＶ５′－ＮＣ区ｃＤＮＡ探针原位杂交检测了２４例ＨＣＶ感染的慢性肝病患者肝组织中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ。结果：１７例同时血清抗ＨＣＶ（ⅡＥＬＩＳＡ法）和ＨＶＣＲＮＡ（套式ＰＣＲ法）均阳性病人中，１４例（８２．３％），肝组织检出了ＨＣＶＲＮＡ。７例仅有抗ＨＣＶ阳性病人，肝组织中没有检出ＨＣＶＲＮＡ。ＨＣＶＲＮＡ特异性信号主要位于肝细胞浆。感染ＨＣＶ的肝细胞呈散在，灶状或弥漫形式分布，与ＡＬＴ水平     

原位聚合酶链技术检测肝细胞癌组织内丙型肝炎病毒核酸及其意义

应用一步反转录。聚合酶链原位扩增法（ＯＲＴ－ＰＣＲＩＳ）检测肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）及癌周组织内丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（ＨＣＶＲＮＡ），同时以一步反转录－ＰＣＲ（ＯＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）法检测血清及肝组织匀浆内ＨＣＶＲＮＡ。发现癌和癌周组织经原位扩增后ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检出率为７７．８％（２／２７）及８１．５％（２２／２７），而血清及组织匀浆内仅为２９．６％及３７．Ｏ％，两者与癌及癌周组织相比差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＯＲＴ－ＰＣＲＩＳ示在癌组织中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ以核型为主（１２／２１），阳性细胞点样分布，细胞内信号强度多为＋（５７．１％）；而癌周组织以核浆型为主（１４／２２），阳性细胞弥漫分布，信号强度多为＋＋＋（５０．０％）。无论在癌还是在癌周组织均未发现ＨＣＶｃＤＮＡ存在。结果提示ＯＲＴ－ＰＣＲＩＳ优于ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ，ＨＣＶ对本地区ＨＣＣ发生、发展起着极为重要的作用。癌周ＨＣＶ复制较癌组织内活跃，癌和癌周细胞核阳性表明ＨＣＶＲＮＡ在核内整合或复制，这种整合或复制对肝细胞基因组ＤＮＡ产生的影响可能与乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）相类似。     

丙型肝炎病毒NS_5B在Hub-7细胞中的转染与表达

目的建立丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）ＮＳ５Ｂ表达的人肝细胞系。方法以脂质体共转染ＮＳ５ＳＢ基因人Ｈｕｂ－７细胞,以ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ在ＤＮＡ水平检测转染的结果,以ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ证实了Ｈｕｂ－７细胞中有ＮＳｕＢ的蛋白表达。结累在转染过ＮＳＳＢ质粒的细胞系中有ＮＳＳＢ基因的存在和ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ多聚酶的表达。结论我们在Ｈｕｂ－７细胞中建立了ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ多聚酶表达系统,它有助于研究ＨＣＶ复制机制和为基因治疗丙型肝炎打下基础。     

不同HCV感染者各区段抗HCV抗体的反应性及HCV-RNA检测结果分析

利用丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）不同区段抗原的单片段酶免疫（ＥＩＡ）试剂及反转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术,对不同ＨＣＶ感染者血清不同区段抗ＨＣＶ抗体及丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ）进行检测。结果显示,慢性肝炎患者各抗体检出率及Ｓ／Ｃｏ（Ｓ为样品光密度值,Ｃｏ为临界值）值均高,肝癌患者各抗体检出率及ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性率均较低;ＡＬＴ正常而抗ＨＣＶ阳性者各区段抗体阳性率低于急、慢性肝炎患者,而其ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ的阳性率高于其他各组;抗－ＮＳ３和抗－Ｃ抗体在各组的检出率和反应性均强。表明抗－Ｃ和抗－ＮＳ３抗体的检测对ＨＣＶ感染最有诊断价值,同时用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术检测血清ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ有助于ＨＣＶ感染的早期诊断     

山东地区输血后丙肝患者HGV感染状况及HGV部分核酸序列测定

应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法检测庚肝病毒（ＨＧＶ）ＲＮＡ,并对阳性扩增的产物采用ＰＣＲ片段直接克隆法测定。结果从８６例输血后丙型肝炎（ＰＴＨ－Ｃ）患者血清中检出ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性者３１例（３６．０％）,其中１例ＨＧＶＮＳ５区部分核苷酸序列与美国原始株和另１例日本株核苷酸同源性比较分别为８６．０％和８４．０％。证实山东地区ＰＴＨ－Ｃ２存在着ＨＧＶ感染和ＨＧＶ／ＨＣＶ混合感染,但是否存在不同亚型或ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性     

特异性抗肝癌噬菌体单链抗体库的构建及鉴定

噬菌体单链抗体（ＳｃＦｖ）弥补了传统ＭｃＡｂ制备繁琐、抗原性强、穿透力弱等不足,为ＨＣＣ临床和基础研究提供新的手段。我们用基因工程技术和噬菌体表面呈现技术构建和筛选特异性抗ＨＣＣ噬菌体ＳｃＦｖ库。 １．材料与方法：（１）抗ＨＣＣ噬菌体ＳｃＦｖ库的构建：应用ＨＣＣ细胞常规免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠,从其脾脏提取ｔＲＮＡ并纯化ｍＲＮＡ,逆转录合成ｃＤＮＡ,ＰＣＲ扩增抗体轻链和重链可变区,应用ｌｉｎｋｅｒ－（Ｇｌｙ４Ｓｅｒ）３装配ＳｃＦＶ基因,在其５’端和３’端分别引入内切酶ＳｆｉＩ和ＮｏｔＩ酶切位点,连接…     

A strong signature of balancing selection in the 5' cis-regulatory region of CCR5

CCR5 encodes a cell surface chemokine receptor molecule that serves as the principal coreceptor, with CD4, for HIV-type 1 (HIV-1). Varied HIV-1 susceptibility and time to progression to AIDS have been associated with polymorphisms in CCR5. Many of these polymorphisms are located in the 5' cis-regulatory region of CCR5, suggesting that it may have been a target of natural selection. We characterized CCR5 sequence variation in this region in 400 chromosomes from worldwide populations and compared it to a genome-wide analysis of 100 Alu polymorphisms typed in the same populations. Variation was substantially higher than expected and characterized by an excess of intermediate-frequency alleles. A genealogy of CCR5 haplotypes had deep branch lengths despite markedly little differentiation among populations. This finding suggested a deviation from neutrality not accounted for by population structure, which was confirmed by tests for natural selection. These results are strong evidence that balancing selection has shaped the pattern of variation in CCR5 and suggest that HIV-1 resistance afforded by CCR5 5' cis-regulatory region haplotypes may be the consequence of adaptive changes to older pathogens.     

山东省丙型肝炎病毒分离株NS5区核苷酸序列分析

目的：了解山东省丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）分离株的基因型及其基因的变异情况，方法：应用德国UBI HCV EIA 4．0诊断试剂盒筛选山东省部分地区64例临床检验为抗－HCV阳性的血清标本，有54例阳性，随意抽取其中28例，应用逆转录套式－聚合酶链反应（RT－nested-PCR)扩增319bp的HCV NS5区基因片段，结果12例出现特异性条带，随后将这12个NS5区片段直接进行T载体克隆，并用Sanger法对克隆成功的10个NS5区基因片段进行序列测定，将所得到的10个序列与GenBank中所有的HCV分离株进行同源性比较。结果：10例山东省部分地区HCV分离株的基因型均属于HCV－1b型，对获得的10个NS5区片段进行是性分析发现，所有的核苷酸变化都是由于替代作用引起的，没有碱基的插入和缺失；大部分的突变属于同义突变，占突变总数的74％。RNA－依赖性RNA聚合酶的G－D－D基序和所有的半胱氨酸都完全保守，结论：本研究证明了HCV－1b型是山东省部分地区主要的基因型。     

丙型肝炎病毒非结构区NS5A研究进展

0 引言目前全球各国丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染率为0.5%～4%,平均为3%左右,其中20%左右是急性肝炎,70%～80%转变成慢性肝炎,而慢性丙型肝炎一般经过20a～30a 发展为肝硬变或肝细胞癌(HCC),HCV 相关性终末期肝病已成为欧美一些国家进行肝移植的主要适应证,危害极大.HCV 是正单股 RNA 病毒,包括5′非编码区(5′non-coderegion,5′-NCR),一个长约9400bp 的单一开放阅读框(openreading frame,ORF)和3′非编码区(3′ non-encode region,3′-NCR),5′-NCR 其间有内源性核糖体进入位点(internal ribosomeentry site,IRES).其中 OFR 包括结构区(structural region)和非结构区(nonstructural region),在结构区中有 C,E1,E2,P7区,在非结构区中有 NS2,NS3,NS4A,NS5A 和 NS5B 区等.近年来,有关 HCV NS5A 区的结构与功能倍受关注,现就 HCVNS5A 作一综述.     

丙型肝炎5''''非编码区末端快速基因扩增方法的建立及应用

目的 建立快速获得丙型肝炎（HCV）基因组5’非编码区（5’uTR）真末端序列的分子生物学方法。方法 逆转录后利用末端聚合酶（TOT）进行加尾反应，再利用套式聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增出目的末端基因的cDNA片段，A-T克隆，用限制性内切酶片段长度多态性分析（RVLP）与PCR鉴定重组子，全自动序列分析仪测定插入子序列。结果 cDNA末端快速扩增技术（RACE）获得5株HCV5’UTR克隆，包括3株全长克隆和2株缺失克隆。2株缺失克隆，一条在5’末端缺失53个碱基，另一条缺失144个碱基。结论 RACE技术快速、有效、实用，可有效获得丙型肝炎病毒基因组的5’非编码区末端序列。     

β2—肾上腺素能受体基因5’—调控区两个单核苷酸多态位点与老年人高血压的

目的 研究β2－肾上腺素能受体（β2-adrenoceptor,β2-AR)基因5’－调控区单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)与老年人原发性高血压（essential hypertension,EH)的关系。方法 应用荧光标记自动测序法测定β2-AR基因5’－调控区序列,确定单核苷酸多态位点及类型;通过聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性（PCR－RFLP）法对来自安徽省大别山地区的健康和EH汉族老年人群进行SNPs基因分开。结果 5’－调控区1．3kb范围内共检出2个SNPS,均为G→A碱基转换,分别位于编码区起始位点上游1023碱基（－1023bp)和654碱基（－654bp)。SNPs的基因型频率在健康老年人群分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。－1023位和－654位SNPs各基因型和等位基因频率在EH组和对照组的分布差异无显著性（P＞0．05）,重度EH组－1023位SNPs的AA基因型频率为26．67％,对照组为6．98％,两组相比差异有显著性（P＜0．05）,A等位基因频率（50．00％）也显著高于对照组（27．91％,P＜0．05）。结论 β2－AR基因－1023位SNPs可能与老年人EH相关,提示β2－AR基因可能是老年人EH的易感基因。     

DNA of nonhuman primates harbors hepatitis C-virus-specific sequences of its 5'-non-coding region (5'-NCR)

The DNA from PBMCs of both hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive patients and healthy HCV-negative human individuals tested thus far contains essential parts--up to 272/341 nucleotides--of the HCV 5'-non-coding region (5'-NCR). These findings bring up the question of the possible evolutionary background of these sequences. Therefore, using the same methodology, we looked for the same sequences in animals closely related to man, i.e., in nonhuman primates (two chimpanzees, one orang-utan, one Debrazza monkey, two New World monkey species and a prosimian). The DNA from PBMCs of the studied animals belonging to nonhuman primates contains essential parts--up to 272/341 nucleotides--of the HCV 5'-non-coding region (5'-NCR). A common sequence of 82 nucleotides is contained in the DNA of all the tested animals but only the chimpanzee's DNA harbors the same, longer sequence region of 272/341 nucleotides of the 5'-NCR found in human DNA. The results may provide a clue as to the possible origin of parts of the IRES containing sequence area of the HCV.     

Sequence-motif analysis of 5'-untranslated region of GB virus-C in Japanese patients

BACKGROUND: GB Virus C (GBV-C) is considered to belong to the Flaviviridae; however, the structures of the N-terminal end of its putative polyprotein are not well known. The internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) at the 5'-untranslated region of GBV-C and an initiating codon at nucleotides (nt) 552-554 have been proposed. We investigated the validity of this proposal. METHODS: The 5'-untranslated region of GBV-C was amplified from serum samples of 17 Japanese patients. Polymerase chain reaction-amplified products were directly sequenced and the obtained sequences were analysed by comparing them with the IRES structure of other viruses. RESULTS: Fifteen of the 17 (88%) GBV-C strains in our patients were classified as being Asian type. The box-A-like sequence (UUUC) and box-B-like sequence (AUCAUGG) observed in the IRES of picornaviruses were highly conserved in all the strains. Based on pair-wise comparisons with the multiple alignment data, overall sequence divergence for the 5'-terminus was 2.9-12%. When compared with the proposed secondary structure of the IRES model, the sequence divergences of the Asian-type GBV-C were higher at the regions of loop structures and lower at the regions of double-stranded RNA. The AUG codons, except for the one located at nt 552-554, produced truncated polyproteins or were not in-frame with the putative protein. CONCLUSIONS: Our examination of the sequence motif of GBV-C supports the proposal that the GBV-C has common structural motifs for IRES at its 5'-untranslated region and the AUG codon at nt 552-554 may be an initiating codon.     

HCV非结构蛋白5B复合酶切分型方法的建立及应用

目的建立灵敏有效的HCV6a型非结构蛋白(non-structural protein,NS)5B复合酶切分型方法,探讨NS5B区与5’-端非编码区(5’-noncoding region,5’-NCR)的分型是否一致。方法应用5’-NCR复合酶切分型方法对1093份HCVRNA阳性血清样本进行分型,并筛选基因6a型样本进行NS5B区的扩增,对第2轮PCR产物进行复合酶切分型和测序,并经NCBI Genoty ping证实基因分型。结果 5’-NCR分型法检出10份HCV6a型样品,序列分析显示均存在第145位CA碱基插入和第139位C碱基插入特征。用NS5B分型法检测此10例,均为6a型,序列分析证实存在EaeⅠ酶切位点。结论 NS5B区与5’-NCR区复合酶切分型方法对HCV6a分型具有良好的一致性,以EaeⅠ切点为主的NS5B区复合酶切分型方法可供临床应用。     

Genomic organization of the 5' region of the human thyroglobulin gene

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present work is to establish the intron-exon organization from exon 12 to exon 23 of the human thyroglobulin gene and to construct a physical map of the 5' terminal half of the gene. DESIGN: Screening of a genomic library and subsequent restriction map, hybridization and sequencing methods have been employed to characterize the recombinant positive phages. METHODS: A human genomic DNA library was screened by in situ hybridization. Southern blotting experiments were performed to characterize the phage inserts. Intron/exon junction sequences were determined by the Taq polymerase-based chain terminator method. Finally, the thyroglobulin gene was mapped using the Gene Bridge 4 radiation hybrid clone panel. RESULTS: We isolated and characterized four lambda phage clones that include nucleotides 3002 to 4816 of the thyroglobulin mRNA, encompassing exons 12 to 23 of the gene. The exon sizes range between 78 and 219 nucleotides. We found that the GT-AG splicing sequences rule was perfectly respected in all the introns. A total of 7302 intronic bases was analyzed. Hormogenic tyrosine 5 and 1291 are encoded by exons 2 and 18. Also, seven alternative spliced variants are associated with the 5' region. Thyroglobulin gene maps to 5,5 centiRays from the AFMA053XF1 marker, in chromosome 8. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that the first 4857 bases of thyroglobulin mRNA are divided into 23 exons and the four phages isolated include 32.6 kb genomic DNA, covering 1815 nucleotides of exonic sequence distributed in 12 exons, from exon 12 to 23.