PCI对冠心病合并糖尿病行冠状动脉旁路移植的影响

目的 评价术前PCI对冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术的影响.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2013年1月,上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院心血管外科1848例冠状动脉旁路移植术患者,合并糖尿病352例.患者分为2组,术前PCI组106例,术前无PCI组246例.结果 围术期死亡率6.2%,PCI组死亡率16.04%,非PCI组死亡率2.03%.运用x2、t试验,logistic多因素回归分析表明,术前PCI史是影响围术期心功能、术后死亡、术后并发症发生的重要因素.结论 术前PCI是冠心病合并2型糖尿病行冠状动脉旁路移植围术期死亡、术后心血管不良事件发生的危险因素.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后行PCI患者特点分析

目的:探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术后行经皮介入治疗(PCI)患者的临床及造影特点,为冠脉旁路移植术后患者治疗策略的选择提供参考. 方法:分析150例搭桥术后行PCI患者的临床及造影特点. 结果:患者平均年龄(62.3±9.3)岁,左室射血分数(59.1±6.6)％.150例患者均为冠状动脉多支血管病变,共处理罪犯病变197处,其中自身血管153处,动脉桥血管2处,静脉桥血管42处.所有患者均行PCI治疗,无再流发生率为12.7％,其中16例为桥血管病变,3例自身冠状动脉病变,桥血管介入治疗较自身血管介入治疗后其心肌标志物升高明显,无术中死亡病例. 结论:PCI是冠状动脉搭桥术后心肌缺血患者的有效治疗手段,心功能和血管病变造影特点是成功治疗的关键.     

体外循环与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术早期疗效分析

目的:探讨体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCABG）早期疗效的差异。方法: 采集自2003年10月~2008年1月我院单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术5325例临床资料,分为CCABG组（343例）与OPCABG组（4 982例）。对两组患者各项术前因素、术中因素、手术死亡率及并发症进行比较。结果: OPCABG组实际手术死亡率（1.7％）明显低于CCABG组（6.7％）,P<0.01;术后二次开胸止血、肾功能不全等并发症的发生率及ICU停留时间、呼吸机辅助时间、术后住院时间都低于CCABG组（P<0.05,P<0.01）。风险调整后CCABG组手术死亡率仍高于OPCABG组6个百分点,术后并发症的发生率均略高于OPCABG组（P<0.05）。结论: CCABG与OPCABG早期临床疗效均令人满意,后者更好一些。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中转体外循环后的临床转归

目的：总结非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCABG）中转为体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术（ONCABG）对临床转归的影响,为合理选择术式,改善外科疗效提供依据.方法：自2010年4月至2013年5月,93例患者在我院接受OPCABG手术治疗过程中未能顺利实施,而中转为ONCABG手术.其中80例为紧急中转,13例为选择性中转.回顾分析中转手术病死率、严重并发症发生率、循环辅助手段应用情况、住院时间等指标,判断中转手术方式对疗效的影响.结果：与选择性中转对比,OP-CABG紧急中转为ONCABG,延长了呼吸机治疗时间[18（13.5,33.5） vs.40.5（19,120.3）h,P＜0.05]、呼吸机通气＞48 h患者的比例明显升高（7.7％ vs.46.3％,P＜0.05）,监护室时间增加[48 （21.5,49）vs.76（27,142.3）h,P＜0.05],住院时间延长[18（14.5,21.5） vs.8（11,23.8）d,P＜0.05],围术期心肌梗死发生率高（7.7％ vs.38.8％,P＜0.05）,增加了主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）（15.4％ vs.87.5％,P＜0.01）及体外人工肺支持系统（ECMO）使用率（零vs.26.3％,P＜0.05）,手术病死率增高显著（零vs.37.5％,P＜0.01）.结论：OPCABG术中紧急中转术式对临床转归有不良影响,应采取综合措施预防和避免.     

既往经皮冠状动脉介入对冠状动脉旁路移植术效果的影响

随着经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention，PCI）治疗的发展，接受PCI治疗的冠心病患者不断增加。由于支架内再狭窄、未处理节段冠状动脉粥样硬化进展，既往接受PCI治疗行冠状动脉旁路移植术（coronary artery bypass grafting，CABG）的患者亦不断增加。既往PCI对CABG手术效果是否存在影响仍有争议，本文对此作一综述。     

Comparison of survival following coronary artery bypass grafting vs. percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic and non-diabetic patients: retrospective cohort study of 6320 procedures.

AIM: To determine whether mortality following percutaneous coronary intervention vs. coronary bypass grafting varies according to whether or not patients have diabetes. METHODS: We used the Scottish Coronary Revascularization Register to identify all patients undergoing revascularization in Scottish NHS hospitals since 1997. We excluded single-vessel disease, left main stem stenosis, and bypass grafting performed at the same time as other operations. We used death certificate data from the Registrar General to identify all subsequent deaths. RESULTS: Of the 6320 eligible procedures, 5042 (80%) were bypass grafts and 1278 (20%) angioplasties. Overall 831 (13%) patients had diabetes with no significant difference by procedure (13% vs. 12%). A total of 382 deaths occurred over a mean follow-up of 2.3 years. Diabetic patients had a poorer prognosis following both surgery (adjusted hazards ratio (HR) 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08, 1.89) and percutaneous intervention (adjusted HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.43, 4.63). Among non-diabetic patients, no significant differences in mortality were detected between the two procedures. Among diabetic patients, no significant difference was detected in those with two-vessel disease. In those with impaired left ventricular function and triple-vessel disease, angioplasty was associated with a significantly higher risk of death (adjusted HR 3.58, 95% CI 1.40, 9.19). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate statistically significant results that support the BARI trial findings. Our study demonstrated a significant difference for triple-vessel disease but not two-vessel disease. The former may be due to incomplete revascularization using percutaneous intervention. Our results require corroboration from randomized trials.     

Long term outcomes of saphaneous vein graft intervention in elderly patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft

Objectives To investigate the procedure characteristics and long term follow-up ofpercutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for sa phaneous vein graft （SVG） lesions in the elderly patients. Methods From December 2005 to December 201 l, 84 graft lesions were treated percumneously. Seventeen were located at proximal anastomosis, 48 were located at SVG body, 19 were located at distal anastomosis. Pri mary endpoint was defined as major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE, composite of cardiac death, target vessel revascularization, acute myocardial infarction）. Results The graft age was 6.7 i 4.0 years. Most anastomosis lesions （80.0%） presented within one year post coro-nary artery bypass grafting （CABG）. Proximal anastomosis lesion had the lowest successful rate for PCI compared with graft body and distal anastomosis lesions （70.6% vs. 91.7%, 79.0%, P 〈 0.05）. The distal embolic protection device was used in 19.1% of patients, most frequently used in body graft PCI （29.2%, P 〈 0.01）. The diameter of the stent was smallest in distal anastomosis group （2.9 ±0.4 mm, P 〈 0.05）. The highest post dilatation pressure was required in the proximal anastomosis （17.8 ± 2.7 atm, P 〈 0.05）. The patients were followed up for 24.3 ±16.9 months. MACE occurred in 18.57% of patients. Incidence of MACE was highest among proximal anastomosis PCI （47.1% vs. body graft PCI 16.7%, distal anastomosis PCI 21.1%; P 〈 0.05）. Old myocardial infarction was the predictive factor for the poor clinical outcomes （P〈 0.04）. Conclusions PCI of SVG lesions is feasible with lower success rate. PCI of ostial graft anastomosis lesions had the lowest procedure success rate and highest MACE rate compared with graft body and distal anastomosis lesions. Old myocardial infarction was a predictive factor of poor outcomes.     

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in India

Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCAB) is the latest innovation in cardiac surgery. However OPCAB is not adopted universally. Even there have been suggestions of abandoning OPCAB in a special report. In India, OPCAB has been successfully adopted across the board. There are various evidences which favor OPCAB and are discussed in this review. The purpose of this review is to put forward the perspective of the OPCAB surgeons of our country and critically look at the suggestion of abandoning OPCAB.     

Robot-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting improves short-term outcomes compared with minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting

Background

Robot-assisted coronary artery bypass grafts (RACAB) utilizing the da Vinci surgical system are increasingly used and allow the surgeon to conveniently harvest internal mammary arteries (IMAs). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of off-pump RACAB and minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) in the short and medium term.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 132 patients with single- or multiple-vessel coronary artery disease who underwent minimally invasive off-pump CABG (OPCAB) between May 2009 and May 2014. The patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical approach, MIDCAB and RACAB group. The anastomosis of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was performed as regular OPCAB through the incision on the beating heart using regular stabilization devices (Genzyme Corporation). The preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and follow-up data, including major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), were compared.

Results

The preoperative data were similar. RACAB significantly shorten the intensive care unit (ICU) stay and postoperative compared with the MIDCAB group (P<0.05). There were 12 (19.7%) patients treated with a two-stage hybrid procedure in the MIDCAB group and 34 (47.9%) patients in the RACAB group (P=0.001). Thirty-day mortality was 1.6% in the MIDCAB group. There were 9 (14.7%) MIDCAB patients and 2 (2.8%) RACAB patients (P=0.013) that developed new arrhythmia. The two groups showed comparable mid-term survival (P=0.246), but the MACCEs were significantly different (P=0.038).

Conclusions

RACAB may be a valuable alternative for patients requiring single or simple multi-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Although the mid-term mortality outcomes are similar, RACAB improves short-term outcomes and mid-term MACCE-free survival compared with MIDCAB.     

Initial experience with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is clearly preferable for patients with extracardiac complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial outcome of OPCAB, and its validity for patients with extracardiac complications. One hundred and fifty-seven consecutive coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients were divided into two groups: 30 OPCAB patients and 127 on-pump CABG patients. The early outcomes of the two groups were compared. Preoperatively, OPCAB patients had more extracardiac risk factors than on-pump CABG patients. There were no differences in age or cardiac function between the groups, but the off-pump group had a higher incidence of previous surgery, cerebrovascular disease, and renal failure. There were no differences in graft patency, stroke, or mortality between the two groups, even though the OPCAB patients had more risk factors than the on-pump patients. Our initial experience with OPCAB showed that it is acceptable for high-risk patients in view of the serious nature of their extracardiac condition. Received: April 12, 2001 / Accepted: August 17, 2001     

343例体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术早期疗效分析

目的:探讨体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)的早期疗效。方法:采集CCABG 343例临床资料,对全组患者术后死亡率、并发症发生率进行统计学分析,死亡危险因素采用logistic多元回归分析。结果:全组实际手术死亡23例(6.7%),2次开胸止血21例(6.1%);新发心房颤动21例(6.1%);新发室性心律失常32例(9.3%);低心排综合征13例(3.1%);围手术期心肌梗死8例(2.3%);呼吸衰竭6例(1.7%);脑血管意外3例(0.9%);肾功能不全9例(2.6%);男性、年龄及术前心源性休克史可能为围手术期死亡的独立危险因素。结论:CCABG安全、可靠,早期疗效令人满意。     

186例老年冠心病患者是、否体外循环下冠脉旁路移植术的比较

目的:比较老年冠心病患者体外循环与非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的疗效。方法:A组选择87例65岁以上的老年患者在体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG);B组选择79例65岁以上的老年患者在非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)。结果:B组死亡率低于A组(P<0.05),术后胸腔引流量明显少于A组(P<0.05)。结论:老年冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术是安全的。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病的体会

目的 探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）对冠心病的治疗效果.方法 2005年7月至2010年 8月共行冠状动脉旁路移植术 82例,年龄38～78（61.8±12.7）岁,病程3个月至12年;有心肌梗死病史13例（15.6%）,合并高血压56例（68.3%）、糖尿病30例（36.5%）.术前心功能（NYHA）Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,Ⅰ级21例、Ⅱ级48例、Ⅲ级13例.手术在全麻体外循环下进行,取大隐静脉（SVG）与左乳内动脉（LIMA）,左乳内动脉与前降支（LAD）搭桥,其余用大隐静脉搭桥,平均每例搭桥（2.60±0.85）根,二尖瓣成形4例.结果 全组死亡1例,死于急性胰腺炎.术后低心排6例、房颤 10例,并发肺不张2例,4例术后引流多,二次开胸止血,1例术后第3天发现上纵隔增宽,二次开胸清除血块.结论 冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效显著,确切恢复和重建心肌血运,手术安全,结果令人满意.     

无保护左主干病变合并急性冠状动脉综合征介入与手术治疗对比研究

目的:探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)合并无保护左主干病变患者经桡动脉介入治疗(TRI)与冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)二者的疗效。方法:连续入选2008年3月至2010年12月,于北京安贞医院行经桡动脉介入治疗(n=236)或冠状动脉旁路移植术(n=354)的无保护左主干病变合并ACS患者。对于患者的临床基线特征及冠状动脉病变特征纳入倾向性评分模型进行匹配,得到154对患者。结果:平均随访时间27个月。经过倾向性评分模型进行校正,两组患者的基线资料及病变特征无显著差异。结果显示TRI与CABG两组全因病死率(4.5%vs.6.5%;P=0.454)及心肌梗死发生率(5.2%vs.7.8%;P=0.355)并差异无统计学意义。CABG组患者脑卒中发生率显著增加(零vs.2.6%;P=0.044),而TRI组靶血管重建率(TVR)显著增加(13.0%vs.5.2%;P=0.017)。两组患者复合终点(死亡/心肌梗死/靶血管重建),差异无统计学意义(7.1%vs.12.3%;P=0.124)。结论:对于ACS合并无保护左主干病变患者TRI与CABG的临床复合终点事件风险相似,然而尽管应用药物洗脱支架CABG组患者靶血管重建率仍显著低于介入治疗组。     

Coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with noninsulin treated type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background

The outcomes and prognosis of revascularization by either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with noninsulin‐treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (NITDM) have not yet been well established.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by searching Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library from inception until May 2016. Heterogeneity was evaluated, and the pooled hazard ratio (HR) was calculated by using a fixed‐effect model. A random‐effect model was used when statistically significant heterogeneity was observed (I² ≥ 50%). All data analyses were carried out by using RevMan 5.3 and STATA software 12.0.

Results

A total of 4 RCTs involving 5 studies, consisting of 2270 patients with noninsulin‐treated type 2 diabetes mellitus, were identified. Compared with CABG‐treated patients, PCI‐treated patients had significantly higher all‐cause mortality (HR 1.39; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.91; P = .04), myocardial infarction (HR 2.14; 95% CI 1.40 to 3.27; P = .0004), repeated revascularization (HR 2.52; 95% CI 1.77 to 3.57; P < .00001), and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (HR 1.50; 95% CI 1.20‐1.87; P = .0004). However, PCI was associated with lower incidence of stoke (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.90; P = .02).

Conclusions

In NITDM patients, our study suggests that CABG surgery is associated with reduced risk of mortality and morbidity, although with increased incidence of stroke compared with percutaneous coronary intervention. The decision if to have percutaneous coronary intervention or CABG surgery should factor the risk for stroke of the patients when considering CABG over percutaneous coronary intervention. Adequately powered RCTs are needed to confirm the results of this meta‐analysis.     

非体外循环和体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术生活质量比较

目的:用一个普适生活质量量表和一个疾病特异量表随机对照研究非体外循环和体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者生活质量改变的情况。方法:应用健康标准化量表简短表格36(SF-36),西雅图心绞痛调查问卷(SAQ)分析研究2006-01-2010-10这5年间147例冠状动脉旁路移植术患者资料,其中非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术组96例、体外循环组51例。调查时间是术前1周,术后6～12个月。结果:术前两组患者问卷结果相似。术后6～12个月,SF-36问卷显示在生理职能、社会功能、精神健康等方面,非体外循环组优于体外循环组;SAQ问卷在心绞痛程度、心绞痛频率、生活质量方面,非体外循环组优于体外循环组。结论:术后6～12个月非体外循环较体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术对患者生活质量改善更明显。     

自体桡动脉在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

探讨 2 8例桡动脉 ( RA )应用于冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术技术和临床经验。2 8例中 ,男 2 6例 ,女 2例 ;年龄 3 8～ 73岁 ,平均 ( 5 3 .3 2± 8.72 )岁 ;体外循环下搭桥 6例 ,非体外循环下搭桥 2 2例 ( 75 .7% ) ;全动脉化搭桥 2 4例 ( 85 .7% ) ,双侧 RA9例 ,左侧乳内动脉 ( IMA) 2 8例 ,双侧 IMA7例 ,胃网膜右动脉 1例。人均搭桥3 .15支 ( 2～ 5支 ) ,序贯吻合 5例 ,“Y”型吻合 2例 ,室壁瘤切除 ,左心室几何成形术 1例。2 7例顺利康复 ( 96.4% ) ,因多器官功能衰竭死亡 1例 ( 3 .6% )。认为自体 RA是理想的第二种动脉移植物 ,远期通畅率高 ,适合于各种冠状动脉搭桥术     

189例重症冠心病的冠状动脉旁路移植术临床分析

目的:提高重症冠心病人冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术疗效。方法:回顾性分析189例重症冠心病的冠状动脉旁路移植术资料。其中应用体外循环157例,非体外循环32例;搭桥数1～6(平均3.49±1.04)支/人。对手术方法、主要并发症和术后处理进行分析总结。结果:二次开胸4例(2.1％),低心排综合征9例(4.8％),应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)4例(2.1％),反复发作房颤17例(9.0％),胸腔积液27例(14.3％),肺功能不全6例(3.2％),脑合并症3例(1.6％),肝功能不全5例(2.6％),肾功能不全6例(3.2％),死亡7例(3.7％),其余病人康复出院。结论:合理的选择病人,成熟的手术技术,良好的心肌保护,停机困难者IABP的尽早应用及术后处理的加强是提高重症冠心病人冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效的重要措施。