228例肺癌在纤支镜下的形态特征分析

目的：了解肺癌在纤支镜下的形态特征。方法：采用纤维支气管镜、病理学等方法对228例患者进行了观察。结果：经纤维支气管镜确诊支气管肺癌228例,占同期纤支镜检查的38.1%。其中143例（62.7%)可见肿瘤直接征象,即新生肿物;75例（32.9%)可见肿瘤的间接征象,在可见肿瘤直接和间接征象的218例中鳞癌147例（67.4%),腺癌32例（14.7%),小细胞癌14例（6.4%),大细胞癌2例（0.9%),肺泡癌4例（1.8%)。此外还有细胞类型不明确者19例（8.7%)。结论：（1）肺腺癌患者男性仍稍多于女性;（2）肺癌是纤维支气管镜检查的重要适应征。     

经纤维支气管镜确诊的不同病理类型肺癌的临床研究

目的 评价不同病理类型的支气管肺癌的临床特点和纤维支气管镜下不同的表现以及纤维支气管镜下所见与病理类型的关系.方法 回顾性分析苏州大学附属第四人民医院呼吸内科支气管镜室2000～2006年1658例经纤维支气管镜确诊的支气管肺癌患者的镜下所见以及不同病理类型的性别、年龄、吸烟指数、临床表现及镜下表现等分布特点.结果 经纤维支气管镜确诊的鳞癌、小细胞癌、大细胞癌男性均明显多于女性,而腺癌男女性别比例差异不大;鳞癌、小细胞癌好发于上叶,而腺癌好发于下叶;病理以鳞癌所占比例最高(53.2%),腺癌次之(26.4%),小细胞癌较少(8.4%).鳞癌、小细胞癌均以增殖型为主,腺癌以浸润型为多.结论 :不同病理类型的支气管肺癌的临床特点、镜下所见均有所不同.     

经纤维支气管镜确诊肺癌197例临床分析

目的:研究纤维支气管镜下肺癌的表现,探讨肺癌组织学类型与纤维支气管镜下形态学的关系。方法:分析197例经纤维支气管镜检查诊断为肺癌的病例在纤维支气管镜下的病灶分布、检出率、病变形态及其病理类型。结果:两肺上叶支气管是肺癌的好发部位。活检的检出率高于刷检检出率。纤维支气管镜下肺癌的形态特点以管内增殖型和管壁浸润型多见。197例肺癌中鳞癌85例(43.1%),腺癌69例(35.0%),小细胞癌14例(7.1%)。以管内增殖型为表现的病灶中鳞癌(66.2%)最多见,以管壁浸润型为表现的病灶中腺癌(63.9%)最多见。结论:纤维支气管镜检查在肺癌诊断中具有重要价值,通过纤维支气管镜所见形态特征可推测肺癌可能的组织类型。     

纤维支气管镜检查术在肺癌诊断中的临床研究

目的:评价纤维支气管镜检查术对肺癌的诊断价值,分析病变部位和病理类型与镜下表现的关系,探讨纤维支气管镜下不同的取材技术与肺癌诊断阳性率的关系.方法:对2006年7月～2010年6月经纤维支气管镜检查,经病珲组织学、细胞学证实为肺癌的569病例资料进行回顾性分析.结果:569例肺癌中,鳞癌223例(39.2%),腺癌141例(24.8%),小细胞癌119例(20.9%),可疑癌及小易定型癌51例(9.0%),其他35例(6.2%).其中,男439例(77.2%),女130例(22.8%),男性肺癌患者发病率最高的为鳞癌,其次是小细胞癌和腺癌.而女性发病率最高的是腺癌.其次是鳞癌和小细胞癌.病变部位右侧发生率高于左侧,但无统计学差异.以双上肺多发,单侧病变明显高于双侧病变,单纯累及气管少见.组织学诊断阳性率显著高于细胞学诊断阳性率,以活检的阳性率最高(89.1%),刷检为43.6%.结论:纤维支气管镜检查为中央型肺癌的定性、定位诊断的主要方法,不同类型肺癌纤维支气管镜下的表现具有一些倾向性表现,不同性别的肺癌患者其病理分型不同.     

不同病理类型肺癌在纤维支气管镜下表现的临床研究

目的:评价不同病理类型的支气管肺癌的临床特点和纤维支气管镜下不同的表现以及纤维支气管镜下所见与病理类型的关系。方法:回顾性分析345例经纤维支气管镜确诊的支气管肺癌患者的镜下所见以及不同病理类型的性别、年龄、吸烟指数、临床表现及镜下表现等分布特点。结果:345例患者中,鳞癌194例,腺癌96例,小细胞癌26例,其他29例。男性患者多为鳞癌、小细胞癌、大细胞癌,其中鳞癌最为明显,而腺癌男女比率差异不大。临床主要表现为咳嗽,以增殖型表现为主。结论:不同病理类型的支气管肺癌的临床特点、镜下所见均有所不同。     

729例女性肺癌支气管镜下特征及临床特点的变迁

目的探讨女性肺癌支气管镜下特征及临床特点的变迁。方法对729例女性肺癌患者支气管镜检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果中年组检出数最多(56.9%),其次是老年组(28.5%),青年组较少(14.0%);主要的病理类型分别为腺癌(42.8%)、鳞癌(23.9%)和小细胞癌(19.2%),随着年份的增加3大主要病理类型的检出例数均逐渐增多;好发于右肺(P<0.05),上叶多于下叶(P<0.05);支气管镜下表现以直接征象为主(92.0%),腺癌患者支气管镜下表现以浸润性改变为多(P<0.05),鳞癌和小细胞癌镜下表现均以增生性改变为多(P<0.05);肺不张对应的镜下表现以增生性改变为主(P<0.05),胸腔积液对应的镜下表现以浸润性改变为主(P<0.05)。结论支气管镜检查是诊断女性肺癌的重要手段,提高对女性肺癌认识和警惕,借助支气管镜检查有助于早期明确诊断。     

经纤维支气管镜确诊的110例青年人肺癌的临床分析

目的 探讨经纤维支气管镜确诊的青年肺癌患者的临床特点,提高对青年人肺癌的早期诊断,以减少误诊.方法 回顾性分析经纤维支气管镜确诊的有病理检查结果的110例青年肺癌患者的临床资料.结果 本组患者中小细胞肺癌、腺癌41例(37.3%),鳞癌15例(13.6%);镜下表现小细胞癌、鳞癌以增殖型为主,而腺癌以浸润型为主.结论 掌握青年人肺癌的临床及纤维支气管镜下表现的特点,能有效提高青年人肺癌的早期诊断,延长患者的生存期.     

经支气管镜确诊肺癌患者病理类型与其基本临床特征的关系

目的探讨经支气管镜确诊肺癌患者组织学类型与性别、年龄、吸烟的关系.了解支气管镜诊断肺癌现状,为拓展运用支气管镜技术诊断呼吸系统恶性肿瘤奠定基础.方法选取225例经支气管镜检查且病理学明确诊断为肺癌患者的数据,进行统计学分析.结果经支气管镜确诊患者225例中,男性161例（71.6%）,女性64例（28.5%）;经支气管镜确诊病理类型包括鳞癌102例（45.3%）、腺癌58例（25.8%）、小细胞癌39例（17.3%）、其他类型肺癌26例（11.6%）;男性鳞癌最高占52.2%（P〈0.05）,男性鳞癌高于女性（P〈0.05）.50～69岁患者鳞癌比例最高,为57.8%（P〈0.01）;不吸烟患者腺癌比例最高占40.7%（P〈0.05）,吸烟者鳞癌比例最高达59.0%（P〈0.01）,特别是吸烟指数大于400的患者更高为60.2%（P〈0.01）.结论鳞癌是支气管镜诊断率最高的病理类型;其次为腺癌.男性以鳞癌为主,高于女性;50～69岁鳞癌多见;不吸烟患者腺癌多见,吸烟患者鳞癌多见.     

516例肺癌支气管镜下特征及临床特点分析

目的探讨肺癌支气管镜下特征及临床特点。方法对516例经支气管镜确诊肺癌患者进行回顾性分析。结果 516例肺癌患者中男性384例,女性132例,男女比例2.91∶1。其中鳞癌237例（45.93%）,小细胞癌158例（30.62%）,腺癌110例（21.32%）,其他11例（2.13%）。老年组与中年组比较,鳞癌检出率上升、小细胞癌检出率下降。肺癌好发于右肺,双肺上叶多于双肺下叶。支气管镜下表现以直接征象为主占89.15%;鳞癌、小细胞癌以增生性改变为主,分别占68.78%、53.16%;腺癌以浸润性改变为主占48.62%。结论肺癌临床表现缺乏特异性,气管镜检查是诊断肺癌的重要手段。     

隐性肺癌误诊21例临床分析

目的 探讨纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)与组织活检在肺癌诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2000年8～10月间在我院行纤支镜检查的患者11 124例.结果 共发现OLC 21例,21例均可窥见肿瘤直接征象.经病理证实鳞癌10例,未分化小细胞癌8例,腺癌3例.侵犯双侧者6例,有5例为小细胞癌.结论 隐性肺癌极易漏诊和误诊,对高危患者要及时进行多项检查,以尽早明确诊断,以免延误诊断和治疗.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.