抑郁症患者情绪记忆的偏好性研究

目的探讨抑郁症患者情绪记忆的负性偏好及抑郁症状的严重程度与情绪记忆偏好的相关性。方法 25名抑郁症患者和与之匹配的25名正常被试,首先对其进行抑郁自评量表(SDS)测试,随后对情绪图片进行愉快度评定,72h后进行图片再认测试。结果两组间正性图片再认正确率差异有统计学意义(t=-3.098,P<0.05),总再认正确率及中性、负性图片再认正确率均无统计学意义(t=-0.795,0.100,0.998;P均>0.05);抑郁症组负性图片再认正确率与正性、负性图片再认正确率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),而正常组负性图片再认正确率与正性、负性图片再认正确率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者组的负性图片再认正确率与其SDS评分无相关性(r=0.064,P>0.05)。结论抑郁症患者的正性情绪记忆可能受损导致其对负性情绪记忆存在偏好,并且该偏好性与抑郁症状的严重程度没有显著相关性。     

气质类型对情绪信息注意偏向影响的眼动研究

目的:研究气质类型对个体情绪信息注意偏向的影响。方法:本研究分两步:(1)采用气质类型问卷对730名江汉大学在校大学生进行问卷调查,筛选出4种典型的气质类型群,分别为多血质(60人)、胆汁质(12人)、黏液质(40人)、抑郁质(15人);(2)采用正性、中性、负性3种类型的情绪图片作为情绪信息的实验材料,通过眼动技术分析不同气质类型的大学生对情绪信息的注意偏向。结果:(1)气质类型对情绪信息的注意偏向影响无显著性差异(P0.05);(2)性别对情绪信息的注意偏向影响无显著性差异(P0.05);(3)气质类型组内呈现出显著性差异(F=38.45,P0.01)。结论:个体对情绪信息具有选择性注意,均表现为对正性情绪信息和负性情绪信息的注意偏向程度大,对中性情绪信息的注意偏向程度不大。其中,多血质个体表现为偏好正性情绪信息的注意加工,胆汁质、黏液质、抑郁质个体则表现为对正性情绪信息和负性情绪信息均有同等程度的注意加工偏向。     

复发性抑郁缓解者负性图片工作记忆的操纵能力的损害北大核心CSCDCSSCI

目的:了解复发性抑郁缓解者在工作记忆加工时对情绪信息的操纵能力是否和抑郁症患者及正常个体有差异。方法:使用IAPS中的情绪图片作为刺激材料,采用工作记忆操纵任务分别对21名复发性抑郁缓解个体、22名抑郁症患者和22名正常被试进行实验研究。结果:缓解者和抑郁症患者在反向排序条件下的反应时明显大于正常组,尤其是对负性图片的反应;三组被试对正、负性情绪图片的操纵成本高于中性图片。重要的是,与正常组相比,缓解组和抑郁组只对负性图片有更高的操纵成本,但两组之间的操纵成本无差异。结论:复发性抑郁缓解者和抑郁症患者一样,只对负性信息工作记忆的操纵能力不足,对正性信息的工作记忆操纵能力正常。     

重性抑郁症患者听觉负性情绪偏向的电生理证据

目的:通过情绪音乐偏好以及脑电信号相对负波能量半球间不对称性特征研究重性抑郁症(Major Depressive Disorder,MDD)患者的负性情绪偏向。方法:采集22例首发MDD患者及15例健康对照在情绪音乐(愤怒、悲伤和快乐)片段刺激下的实时喜好程度评分以及脑电生理信号。对评分情况、基于脑电信号提取的相对负波能量半球间不对称性指标进行组间差异分析。结果:MDD患者对愤怒情绪音乐的喜好程度显著低于对照组。在愤怒情绪音乐的刺激下,三对额叶电极(F3/F4、F7/F8、FC5/FC6)处的相对负波能量不对称性也显著低于对照组,同时与BDI得分、喜好程度评分分别呈显著负相关和低度正相关。结论:MDD患者对愤怒情绪音乐的主观喜好程度评分及客观脑电生理信号相对负波能量不对称性指标存在改变,提示MDD患者存在听觉负性情绪偏向。     

急诊创伤患者情绪表达、反刍性沉思与创伤后成长的相关性

目的:探讨急诊创伤患者反刍性沉思、情绪表达与创伤后成长的相关性.方法:选择2018年12月-2019年12月87例急诊创伤患者为研究对象,分别采用中文版创伤后成长问卷(PTGI—C)、中文版事件相关反刍性沉思问卷(ERRI—C)、伯克利情绪表达量表(BEQ)评价患者创伤后成长、反刍性沉思以及情绪表达情况,并分析相关性.结果:87例急诊创伤患者PTGI-C评分(37.11±6.23)分,ERRI-C评分中侵入性评分(7.01±1.20)分、目的性评分(11.80±2.16)分,BEQ评分中负性情绪表达评分最高,为(16.11±4.12)分,负性情绪抑制评分最低,为(8.12±1.03)分;ERRI-C量表中目的性评分与PTGI—C评分呈显著正相关性(r=0.335,P＜0.05),侵入性评分与PTGI-C评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.205,P＜0.05);BEQ量表中负性情绪表达、负性情绪表达强度与PTGI-C评分呈显著负相关性(r=-0.295,-0.286;P＜0.05),正性情绪表达、负性情绪抑制、正性情绪表达强度与PTGI—C评分呈显著正相关性(r=0.313,0.301,0.218;P＜0.05).结论:急诊创伤患者创伤后成长处于中等水平,且可能受到正性情绪、目的性反刍性沉思的促进作用以及负性情绪的抑制作用,应鼓励患者表达正性情绪以及目的性反刍性沉思以提升创伤后成长水平.     

重度抑郁症对负性情绪面孔的注意偏向

目的:探讨重度抑郁症患者对负性情绪面孔的注意偏向.方法:从35名符合中国精神疾病诊断与分类手册第三版(CCMD-3)抑郁症诊断标准的被试中,筛选出符合汉密尔顿抑郁量表( Hamilton Depression Scale,HAMD)及Beck抑郁自评问卷(Beck Depression Inventory,BDI)重度抑郁症诊断标准的重度抑郁症患者(抑郁组)20名.选取在年龄、性别及受教育程度方面与抑郁组相匹配的正常对照20名.采用NimStim情绪面孔图片库中的负性情绪面孔和中性情绪面孔作为刺激材料,应用注意偏向研究中常用的线索-靶子任务进行研究,比较两组被试线索效应、注意施加、注意解除得分.结果:抑郁组对负性情绪面孔线索效应得分大于对中性情绪面孔线索效应得分(21.73 ms vs.3.91 ms,P<0.01);抑郁组注意施加得分大于对照组(17.25 ms vs.1.64 ms,P<0.001);对照组与抑郁组注意解除得分差别无统计学意义(-1.50 ms vs.0.57 ms, P>0.05).结论:抑郁症患者对负性情绪信息加工存在注意偏向,对负性情绪信息缺乏保护性偏向.     

抑郁症患者对负性情绪面孔的注意偏向

目的:通过分析抑郁症患者在执行线索提示任务时的行为学特点,探索抑郁症患者对负性情绪信息注意偏向的认知特点。方法:筛选出符合国际精神疾病诊断与分类标准(ICD-10)的抑郁症患者20例(抑郁组),选取在性别、年龄、受教育年限方面与抑郁组相匹配的对照组20例。采用中科院心理研究所编制的中国化面孔情绪图片系统作为刺激材料,选择线索-靶子任务进行研究,比较两组被试在不同线索条件下反应时及正确率的差异。结果:抑郁组的总体平均反应时比对照组总体平均反应时长(t=-5.579,P0.01),对照组无效任务与有效任务反应时差值为正,抑郁组为负。对照组、抑郁组均表现出有效任务正确率高于无效任务(t=8.353,2.994,P0.01),中性图片正确率高于负性图片(t=7.363,4.499;P0.01)。结论:1抑郁症患者在执行线索提示任务时的反应速度较正常人慢,符合抑郁症患者思维迟缓、意志活动减退的症状特点;2正常人对情绪面孔图片表现出线索效应,抑郁症患者则表现出返回抑制,抑郁症患者未表现出显著的负性信息注意偏向。     

不同状态抑郁症患者对情绪面孔的注意偏向

目的:研究不同状态抑郁症患者对情绪面孔的注意偏向。方法:选取来诊的抑郁症患者,根据抑郁量表得分将其分为抑郁发作组和抑郁缓解组,进行点探测实验,比较两组对不同情绪面孔图片的反应。结果:对两组被试的反应时进行重复测量方差分析,结果显示图片类型和被试类型交互作用显著(F=5.04,P=0.035),抑郁发作组对负性情绪面孔图片的反应时大于对正性情绪面孔图片的反应时;线索类型和被试类型的交互作用呈边缘显著(F=3.17,P=0.089);分别对两组被试对不同情绪面孔的反应时进行配对样本t检验,结果显示抑郁发作组被试在负性一致和负性不一致条件下的反应时均大于中性-中性条件下的反应时,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.41,P=0.037;t=2.52,P=0.030);抑郁缓解组被试在各种条件下的反应时差异均不显著。结论:处于抑郁发作状态的抑郁症患者对负性情绪图片存在注意偏向,其注意偏向表现为对负性情绪面孔的注意回避和注意脱离困难;处于抑郁缓解期的抑郁症患者没有表现出对情绪面孔的注意偏向。     

述情障碍者的情绪认知与认知性调节特征

目的:探讨述情障碍者的情绪认知加工特征,并分析述情障碍者的认知性情绪调节特征.方法:在本对照研究中,采用班级整群抽样的方法抽出712名学生.采用多伦多述情障碍20个条目量表(TAS-20)中文版筛选出述情障碍者(TAS-20≥58分)117名和非述情障碍者(TAS-20≤ 38分)118名,比较两组认知情绪调节问卷(CERQ)、抑郁自评量表(CES-D)得分差异.间隔2～3个月后利用TAS-20对这235名受试进行重测,筛选出51名述情障碍者与54名非述情障碍者,分别对120张情绪图片进行愉悦度、唤醒度和优势度评分.结果:(1)述情障碍组消极应对维度得分高于非述情障碍组[(47.3±5.9)vs.(41.9±5.9),P<0.001],而积极应对维度得分低于非述情障碍组[(65.2±7.7)vs.(71.1±7.3),P<0.001].(2)在愉悦度的评分上,述情障碍组对正性图片的评分低于非述情障碍组[(7.0±1.0)vs.(7.7±1.0),P<0.001],而对负性图片的评分高于非述情障碍组[(2.4±1.0)vs.(1.4±1.0),P<0.001];唤醒度方面,述情障碍组对正性和负性图片的评分均低于非述情障碍组[正性:(6.3±1.2)vs.(6.8±1.1),P=0.040;负性:(6.4±1.5)vs.(7.2±1.4),P=0.007].结论:述情障碍者存在情绪的认知加工缺陷,且存在认知性情绪调节缺陷.     

不同自我管理水平2型糖尿病患者的注意偏向成分和时程特征

目的:考察不同自我管理水平2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者对情绪信息注意偏向的成分和时程特征。方法:采用糖尿病自我管理活动问卷(SDSCA)筛选出高、中、低自我管理水平患者各63例,应用点探测任务考查不同类型的刺激图片和呈现时间时患者注意偏向的成分和时程特征。结果:刺激呈现500ms时,高自我管理水平组在线索一致条件下,对正性图片的平均反应时小于对负性图片的平均反应时[(597.8±185.5)ms vs.(626.0±186.6)ms,P0.01],高自我管理水平组负性注意偏向值和负性指向指数均0[(-22.5±79.0)ms、(-26.6±74.5)ms,P0.05或P0.01];中自我管理水平组负性脱离指数0[(17.2±60.3)ms,P0.05];低自我管理水平组正性脱离指数0[(-22.6±74.8)ms,P0.05]。刺激呈现1250ms时,中自我管理水平组正性指向指数0[(14.9±54.4)ms,P0.05]。结论:自我管理水平不同的2型糖尿病患者对情绪刺激的注意偏向不同。     

Predicting responsiveness to a depressive mood induction procedure

Inducing various mood states—sad or depressed mood in particular—has become a widely employed and accepted means of experimentally examining the link between emotion and cognition, particularly with research on cognitive theory and depression. Using various criteria, studies utilizing mood induction procedures (MIPs) have reported successful induction of the desired mood in participants at rates ranging from 50 to 75%, clearly reflecting substantial individual variation. Individual differences in response to MIPs, however, have received little attention. Drawing on both theory and previous research, the present study identified and examined a range of possible predictors of response to depressive mood induction in a sample of 100 undergraduate students. Results indicated that of the examined predictors, experience with recent negative events prior to the mood induction and participant mood state, including self‐reported symptoms of anxiety, significantly predicted reported mood state following the MIP. The implications of these results for models of vulnerability and resilience to negative mood states are discussed, and future research directions are provided © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–16, 2009.     

悲伤情绪诱发的吸烟行为研究

目的探讨悲伤情绪诱发的吸烟行为。方法用标准化影像材料诱发被试悲伤情绪或中性情绪,记录被试吸烟欲望及吸烟行为。结果①悲伤情绪诱发组被试情绪后测分数显著大于前测分数(t=-8.131,P<0.001);中性情绪诱发组被试情绪前后测分数差异不显著;②在影像播放结束后的吸烟欲望测量上,悲伤情绪诱发组被试分数显著大于中性情绪诱发组被试(t=4.688,P<0.001);在吸烟结束后再次吸烟欲望测量上,悲伤情绪诱发组被试的分数仍然显著大于中性情绪诱发组被试(t=3.850,P<0.01);③悲伤情绪诱发组被试的吸烟时间要长于中性情绪诱发组被试,并且差异显著(t=4.129,P<0.001);④悲伤情绪诱发组被试的吐烟次数显著多于中性情绪诱发组被试(t=4.503,P<0.001)。结论悲伤情绪强化吸烟者的吸烟行为。     

41例血液系统疾病患者伴发抑郁情绪的调查

躯体疾病伴发的情绪障碍 ,尤其是抑郁和焦虑症状 ,正日益受到临床医师的了解和重视。相关的临床研究多见于健康或住院人群普查分析 ,而某一系统疾病或某一特定疾病伴发的情绪障碍的研究尚不多见 ,而血液系统疾病 ,尤其是恶性肿瘤的治疗效果差 ,副反应多 ,所以病人的心理反应较大。了解病人心理反应的特点 ,给予必要的心理指导或心理治疗 ,或许能改善病人的生活质量。本研究使用Ｚｕｎｇ氏抑郁自评量表 (ＳＤＳ) [1] 对我科 4 1例血液系统疾病患者进行初步调查 ,以了解其伴发抑郁情绪的情况。1　资料和方法1.1　对象1.1.1　研究组　来自我院…     

Salivary cortisol, stress and mood in healthy older adults: the Zenith study

The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between salivary cortisol, stress and mood and to look at the circadian rhythms of positive (PA) and negative (NA) mood in older adults. The participants were 41 healthy adults aged 55-69 years, recruited in Northern Ireland as part of the European Commission-funded Zenith project. Salivary cortisol samples were obtained twice a day (2.30 p.m. and 10.30 p.m.) for 7 consecutive days in conjunction with momentary measures of positive (PA) and negative mood (NA), using PANAS and a trait measure of perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale). Salivary cortisol levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. Higher perceived stress levels were associated with lower afternoon PA (r=-0.46, p=0.003) and higher afternoon (r=0.43, p=0.007) and evening (r=0.45, p=0.004) NA. Lower afternoon PA was correlated with higher evening cortisol concentrations (r=-0.47, p=0.002). Greater afternoon PA variability was associated with higher evening cortisol concentrations (r=0.38, p=0.015). A high intra-class correlation between cortisol and positive mood was found (r=0.67, p=0.009). Previously established rhythms for positive and negative mood were confirmed. Interestingly, there was no association between salivary cortisol levels and perceived stress in these healthy older adults. Further, more extensive research is required to better understand the apparent interplay between these variables and ageing.     

Use of topiramate, a new anti-epileptic as a mood stabilizer

Rationale: Because some anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are effective in bipolar affective disorders, the new AED topiramate (TPM) may be effective in psychiatric illnesses. TPM was evaluated in mood disorders refractory to previous therapies including newer AEDs. Methods: Charts of 58 consecutive patients, 39 outpatients (15 males, 24 females) and 19 inpatients (6 males, 13 females) were reviewed. TPM 25 mg. b.i.d. was added to existing therapy and titrated in 50 mg increments every 3–7 days. Improvement was rated on a Likert global assessment scale of marked, moderate, mild, or no improvement or worse, based on quality of sleep, appetite, mood, and concentration. Results: Of the 58 patients with psychiatric disorders, 44 patients had rapid cycling bipolar disorders characterized by manic, hypomanic, or mixed episodes. Eighteen patients had previously failed to respond to lamotrigine and/or gabapentin in addition to conventional mood stabilizers. Fourteen were Bipolar I, six Bipolar II, and seven mixed, ten patients had cyclothymic disorder, seven had bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. Of the remaining 14 patients, nine had schizoaffective disorder, three patients had dementia and two had psychosis. Mean duration of TPM treatment was 16.0 weeks; mean TPM dosage approximately 200 mg/day. Thirty-six of 58 (62%) patients exhibited marked or moderate improvement, usually within days or weeks. Twenty-three of 44 (52%) patients with bipolar affective disorders showed marked or moderate improvement. Minimal/no improvement was observed in 16; six were rated as worse. Adverse events included delirium in one patient with Bipolar Disorder Type I who overmedicated with TPM (800 mg) and tranylcypromine sulfate (170 mg) combined with alcohol. Other adverse effects were minor and included: paresthesias, somnolence, fatigue, impaired concentration and memory, nausea, and diarrhoea. Limitations: This study was performed in a nonrandom open and retrospective fashion. Therefore, any findings are limited by the design of this study. Conclusion: TPM may be useful in patients with mood disorders unresponsive to traditional therapy and warrants further clinical investigation.     

大学生人生观和日常情绪的相关研究

目的　对大学生人生观与日常情绪之间的关系进行初步探讨。方法　本研究对 1 0 0名被试进行了人生认知量表的测查 ,并采用记录情绪日记的方法了解被试的日常情绪状况。结果　“追求功利”与“积极情绪”的各项指标均呈负相关 ,与“消极情绪”的各项指标呈正相关 ;而“自我完善”和“为社会和他人服务”这两个维度与“积极情绪”和“消极情绪”各项指标间关系则正好相反。结论　人生观中“人生目的”因子与个体的日常情绪有较为密切的关系     

大学生心境与趋近-回避行为倾向的关系

目的探讨大学生积极/消极心境与趋近-回避行为倾向的关系。方法应用积极情感和消极情感量表测量大学生的心境,运用行为抑制和行为激活系统量表与"大五"人格简式量表中的外倾性和神经质测量趋近-回避行为倾向,考查积极心境与趋近倾向、消极心境与回避倾向的相关性,并建构相应的结构方程模型。结果①大学生的积极心境与行为激活系统和外倾性显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.22和0.37,P均0.001;消极心境与行为抑制系统和神经质显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.44和0.59,P均0.001;②积极心境能较好地预测趋近倾向,路径系数β=0.57(t=3.65,P0.01);消极心境能较好地预测回避倾向,路径系数β=0.71(t=7.78,P0.001)。结论大学生的积极/消极心境与其趋近-回避行为倾向存在着对应性关系。