股骨干骨折合并动静脉瘘的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨股骨干骨折合并动静脉瘘的发病机理、临床表现、治疗方法。方法：我科自1993年3月～2002年12月对18例股骨骨下中下1／3骨折合并动静脉瘘的患者行股动静脉探查、大隐静脉移植术。随访1～8年。结果：18例肢体全部成活，骨折愈合，肢体远端无缺血症状。结论：股骨干中下1／3骨折由于其解剖特点易损伤股动静脉，后期形成动静脉瘘，其临床表现为肢体肿胀，骨折部位可闻及动脉搏动性杂音。通过静脉移植可获得良好的效果。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断和治疗

目的：总结硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊治经验。方法：回顾性分析经脊髓MRI和血管造影确诊的110例硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者的临床及随访资料。结果：本组患者首选经全椎板切除入路夹闭瘘口至脊髓表面的引流静脉61例,经半椎板切除入路手术37例,经血管内栓塞12例,栓塞后复发再手术3例。患者术后采用了抗凝、血液稀释、早期康复等辅助治疗。106例患者术后复查脊髓血管造影证实瘘口全部闭塞。89例复查脊髓MRI显示髓周血管流空信号全部消失,其中74例髓内T2高信号消失、15例缩小。术后98例患者获随访,随访时间3-120个月,54例症状完全消失,34例症状改善,10例无变化,其中3例栓塞1-5年后瘘口再通而手术。结论：硬脊膜动静脉瘘早期诊断、早期治疗,预后良好。经单侧半椎板切除入路,夹闭自瘘口到脊髓表面的引流静脉是本病道选的治疗方法。     

肺动静脉瘘的诊治

肺动静脉瘘或称肺动静脉畸形（ｐｕｌｍｏｎａｒｙａｒｔｅｒｙｖｅｎｏｕｓｍａｌｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ，ＰＡＶＭ）是临床上少见的肺内血管畸形。由于肺动静脉瘘造成肺动脉血液未经毛细血管氧合致血氧饱和度降低，而引起一系列症状和体征。此畸形容易误诊并可引起咯血、...     

创作性动静脉瘘的诊断和治疗

为了探讨创作性动静脉瘘（ＴＡＶＦ）的诊断和治疗，回顾性分析了１９５９￣１９９７年间住院治疗的１６例ＴＡＶＦ病人。并结合文献对该病的病因、发生部位、诊断、治疗及预防进行了讨论。结果显示：①病因有锐器伤１２例（７５．０％），医源性损伤及钝性伤各２例（１２．５％）；②部位：下肢（６２．５％）多于上肢（３７．５％）；③常见临床表现有患肢肿胀、疼痛、杂音、震颤、皮温增高及浅表静脉曲张；④手术治疗的１５列，近     

先天性动静脉瘘1例报告

某男,17岁,因右上肢肿胀伴中指端破溃5年收入院。患者从儿童时期(具体年龄不详)右上肢既比左上肢粗、长且皮温增高。查体:右上肢血压19/0ｋＰａ左上肢血压16/7ｋＰａ,右上肢可见多发弥漫曲张的静脉团,伴色素沉着,中指端溃疡、坏死,于曲张的静脉团表面可触及震颤,并可闻及广泛收缩期隆隆样血管杂音与主动脉瓣第一听诊区杂音相延续,右上肢较左上肢增长约3ｃｍ,增粗最大周径值为4ｃｍ,皮温明显增高,心界增大,向左下增大为主。双肺及腹部无异常。手部Ｘ线片提示右手中指末节指骨破坏。血管造影提示右上肢广泛型血管畸型。诊断:右上肢先天性动静…     

外伤性肾动静脉瘘1例

患者,男,27岁。因被刀刺伤,右腰背部疼痛、出血伴心悸气短1h入院。患者诉右胸部及腹部疼痛,伴心悸气短,留置导尿管有淡血性尿液。体检：神智清,面色苍白,血压80／50mmg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）,脉搏120次／min。右背部腋后线第10肋处可见2．5cm刀口,探查刀口入胸腔,出血,全腹压痛,以右上腹为主,伴反跳痛及肌紧张。血常规检查：红细胞1．77×10^12／L,血红蛋白71g／L,血小板72×10^9／L。尿常规红细胞1．349×10^12／L,未见白细胞。胸腹部CT示右血气胸,肾筋膜内出血,腹腔内积液。     

小脑幕硬脑膜动静脉瘘的诊断和治疗

目的复习有关小脑幕硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)文献,介绍处理的策略。方法回顾性分析5例小脑幕DAVF患者资料,包括病史、影像学、手术记录和随访资料。结果5例患者中表现为急性蛛网膜下腔出血2例,进行性神经障碍3例。B0rden分级Ⅱ级1例,Ⅲ级4例。瘘口位于小脑幕游离缘3例,外侧1例,内侧1例。经岩骨前入路手术3例,经改良翼点入路1例,经枕叶小脑幕入路1例。术后3例患者行DSA,证实DAVF消失;1例患者行MR见静脉瘤血栓形成,脑干水肿消退;1例见扩张静脉部分血栓。全部患者恢复正常生活和工作,无手术死亡。随访1～2年,未见复发。结论小脑幕DAVF危害性大,应积极采用显微外科手术伴或不伴血管内介入治疗,闭塞瘘口和(或)软脑膜引流静脉。     

肾动静脉瘘的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨肾动静脉瘘的诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析8例肾动静脉瘘患者的临床资料。其中原发性动静脉瘘5例，继发于肾肿瘤2例、外伤1例。结果 2例肾肿瘤者1例行肾切除术，1例因肿瘤转移仅行化疗。6例行经皮超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗。随访6-60个月，1例栓塞失败者行肾切除术，1例瘘管再通者行二次栓塞治疗。一次栓塞成功者4例。结论 影像学检查是诊断肾动静脉瘘的主要手段，除恶性肿瘤外经皮超选择性肾动脉栓塞是治疗肾动静脉瘘的首选方法。     

肾动静脉瘘的诊断与治疗（附6例报告）

目的探讨肾动静脉瘘的诊断和治疗方法。方法1996年至2006年经超选择性肾动脉造影确诊的6例肾动静脉瘘患者,原发性动静脉瘘5例,获得性动静脉瘘1例;临床表现严重血尿5例,高血压1例。4例行经皮超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗,2例行肾切除术。结果4例栓塞后血尿得到控制,随访5个月-8年,均无复发;2例肾切除者血尿消失,血压下降。结论影像学是诊断肾动静脉瘘的主要手段,超选择性肾动脉造影是确诊的首选方法;动脉栓塞是最佳治疗方法,创伤小、疗效确切,还可最大限度保留患侧肾功能;肾功能丧失者可考虑肾切除。     

Heart insufficiency in traumatic arteriovenous fistulas

Objective: To analyse the incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome of heart insufficiency in patients with chronic arteriovenous fistulas (AVF). Methodology: From 1991 to 2000 we treated 49 patients with traumatic AVF. The present study included 19 patients with AVF present for 6 months or longer, as it was presumed that these AVF will have an impact on cardiac overload. There were 16 male and three female patients with a mean age of 36 years (17–59). The time from injury to admission varied from 6 months to 33 years. Cardiological examination checked for dyspnoea and palpitation. ECG, chest X‐ray and ECHO‐cardiography were also performed. All AVF were deleted, magistral vessels reconstructed, non‐magistral obliterated, either surgically or by percutaneous embolization. Results: Mean follow up was 44.2 months (3–93). Serious heart insufficiency was seen in two patients only, with AVF in the subclavial vessels. Both suffered from serious heart disease prior to the therapeutic procedures that resulted in iatrogenic AVF, so it was difficult to connect heart insufficiency to the AVF alone. Despite surgical closure of AVF and intensive medical treatment, signs of heart insufficiency remained in both patients. Signs of cardiac overload were seen in six patients with long‐standing AVF in major vessels. Except for one patient who refused surgical closure of femoral AVF, the remaining five were symptom free for cardiac overload during the follow‐up period. Conclusion: In our series, heart insufficiency was an infrequent complication in long‐standing AVF, even when major vessels were involved.     

Treatment and outcome of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVFs) are rare and often misdiagnosed entities. The choice between surgical treatment and embolization remains a matter of debate. We report on the cases of 18 patients (16 men, 2 women) with dAVF, who were treated surgically over an 11-year period. Patient age ranged from 32 to 84 years (mean 60 years). Six patients underwent embolization preoperatively. In three cases, angiography examinations failed to show feeding arteries on first examination at neuroradiological centers. Feeding arteries were at a different level than the fistula point in seven patients, two of them presenting with new anastomoses after embolization. Location of the fistula was midthoracic to lumbar. Seven patients were variously misdiagnosed with tumor, polyneuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, syringomyelia, and knee disease. Clinical history was characterized by slowly progressive and fluctuating deterioration. Initial symptoms were mainly sensory loss and motor weakness, lasting for between 4 and 45 months before diagnosis (mean 15 months). Recurrent fistula after operation was found in one patient. In another patient, control angiography revealed a fistula at another level, and in a third, a fistula on the contralateral side. All three patients underwent reoperation. Temporary clinical deterioration was found in four patients, seven remained unchanged, and seven improved postoperatively. An attempt at embolization should be made following diagnostic angiography. Otherwise, surgery is our recommended treatment for spinal dural fistulas, as it has a lower failure rate. Because of the progressive natural course with severe deficits, we favor an early definitive treatment.     

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: a plea for neurosurgical treatment

Summary Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas are the most common type of arteriovenous malformation involving the spinal cord, especially in middle-aged men. We report 21 patients with this malformation who had signs and symptoms of myelopathy. The diagnosis was established by selective spinal angiography in patients whose neurological deficits, myelograms or magnetic resonance tomographies suggested the presence of a spinal arteriovenous fistula. They were treated by microsurgical coagulation of the fistula nidus located in the dura and intradural division of the draining vein. Twenty patients improved neurologically following surgery, one remained unchanged. Complete obliteration of all lesions was verified by intra-operative microvascular Doppler sonography and in 3 cases by postoperative angiography. There were only a few minor and transient complications after surgery: one neurological deterioration where venous thrombosis was suspected, one cerebrospinal fluid accumulation and, in one case a transient wound healing impairment. Two patients had to be operated on again. In one case with difficult localization of a fistula at the L5/S1 level, the fistula was still visible in the postoperative angiogram. In another patient, a spinal epidural haematoma occurred a few hours after surgery. We conclude that microsurgical treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas is a safe, fast, simple and effective method of treating these lesions. However, recovery after surgical management was often incomplete because the diagnosis was established too late and the patient already presented with severe and long-lasting deficit. Thus, the main problem remains a diagnostic and not a surgical one. This paper is dedicated to Professor Fritz Loew, Chief-editor emeritus of Acta Neurochirurgica     

Pelvic arteriovenous fistulas: Therapeutic strategy in five cases

Pelvic arteriovenous fistulas are rare. They may be defined as arteriovenous communications developing in the pelvis from the internal iliac artery, the origin of its posterior trunk or branches of its anterior trunk. Congenital arteriovenous malformations, more common in women, and posttraumatic arteriovenous fistulas are the two main etiological forms. Diagnostic problems include appreciation of visceral extension in arteriovenous malformations and precise localization of fistulas especially when they affect the internal iliac artery itself. Therapy is aimed at complete closure of arteriovenous communications using interventional radiologic methods or surgery. Although indications are difficult to assess, complete, one-stage therapy is preferable due to surgical difficulties following failed or incomplete radiological or surgical attempts.Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Societé de Chirurgie Vasculaire de Langue Française, May 20–21, 1988, La Grande Motte, France.     

Multiple spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas

Summary Multiple spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) have been rarely reported and only two such cases are found in the literature. A 71-year-old man complained of muscle weakness and hypesthesia in both legs and angiographically diagnosed as thoracic DAVF. The fistula was surgically treated, however, the symptoms recurred 14 months after the first treatment. Angiography revealed a new fistula in the lumbar region and this was also treated surgically. In the previously reported cases of multiple spinal DAVFs, the second fistulas were also diagnosed after the initial treatment. Symptomatic patients after the initial treatment of DAVF should be re-examined angiographically.     

Bilateral coronary arteriovenous fistulas with an oversize left coronary aneurysm

We experienced an interesting case of bilateral coronary arteriovenous fistulas with coronary aneurysms (50 mm in the left and 10 mm in the right) developed in a 66-year-old woman. The pathological findings of both left and right aneurysms were quite similar. Etiological and surgical considerations about coronary aneurysm based on this case are discussed.     

硬脑膜动静脉瘘的血管内治疗进展

硬脑膜动静脉瘘是指发生在硬脑膜及其附属物上的异常动静脉分流,目前主要的治疗方式为血管内治疗和开颅手术治疗,但血管内治疗具有较好疗效。本文对血管内治疗的常用方法、适应证、并发症及术后评价的最新进展进行综述。     

肾动静脉瘘的血管造影诊断与超选择性栓塞治疗(附19例报告)

目的总结肾动静脉瘘的诊治经验,提高肾动静脉瘘的诊治效果。方法回顾性分析我院19例肾动静脉瘘患者诊治的临床资料。结果19例肾动静脉瘘患者经肾动脉造影明确诊断,并行超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗,全部治愈。随访5个月至3年,无症状复发。结论选择性肾动脉造影和栓塞术是诊治肾动静脉瘘的重要方法。     

Endovascular treatment of arteriovenous fistulas complicating percutaneous renal biopsy in three paediatric cases.

DESIGN: We evaluated the incidence and history of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) after kidney biopsy and assessed the use of superselective embolization for treatment. OBSERVATIONS: During the last 10 years, 896 kidney biopsies (age range of the patients: 1 month-18.6 years) have been performed in our institution under real-time ultrasonographic guidance with a 14 gauge cutting biopsy needle, and 32 of the patients had renal allografts (3.4%). We observed three cases of AVF (two in allograft kidneys, one in a native kidney) among all biopsies (0.34%), and the incidence of developing AVF after renal allograft biopsy was 6.3%. All three patients with AVF were symptomatic, and intravascular therapy was indicated. INTERVENTIONS: An angiographic study combined with endovascular treatment of the intrarenal AVF and pseudoaneurysm was performed in all three patients. Embolization was performed with bucrylate and lipiodol in two patients and with micro-coils in one. After successful embolization, all three patients became asymptomatic (in two renal bleeding stopped, in one patient with severe uncontrollable hypertension blood pressure returned to normal limits). No complications were observed secondary to the embolization procedure. CONCLUSION: The technique of superselective embolization using a coaxial catheter is an effective and safe method in the treatment of post-biopsy AVFs and pseudoaneurysm.