急性前壁心肌梗死并下壁导联ST段压低与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的：观察急性前壁心肌梗死下壁导联ＳＴ段压低与冠状动脉病变的关系。方法：对６６例急性前壁心肌梗死患者均常规行冠状动脉造影术,根据常规心电图下壁导联ＳＴ段压低＞１ｍｍ分为ＳＴ段压低组（４８例）与ＳＴ段正常组（１８例）,比较分析心电图与冠状动脉造影之间的关系。结果：急性前壁心肌梗死患者２７．３％有下壁导联ＳＴ段压低,ＳＴ段压低组中冠状动脉病变支数与正常组无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,７３．２％为左前降支（ＬＡＤ）近端病变,显著高于ＳＴ段正常组（４５．８％）。ＳＴ段压低组５５．６％伴有心电图ＳＴＩ,ａＶＬ抬高,显著高于ＳＴ段正常组（４．２％）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：急性前壁心肌梗死并下壁导联ＳＴ段压低与冠状动脉病变支数无关,而与ＬＡＤ近端病变有关,可能反映高侧壁心肌缺血时的心电图对应性改变。     

急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段下降的临床意义

目的：探讨急性下壁心肌梗死心电图胸前导联ＳＴ段下降与前降支病变的关系。方法：对７７例急性下壁心肌梗死患者入院时心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行分析，并根据入院时心电图胸前导联ＳＴ段下降范围将患者分为４组。Ｉ组（ｎ＝１２）：Ｖ１～３导联ＳＴ段下降；Ⅱ组（ｎ＝１２）：Ｖ４～６导联ＳＴ段下降；Ⅲ组（ｎ＝３５）：Ｖ１～５或Ｖ１～６导联ＳＴ段下降；Ⅳ组（ｎ＝１８）：胸前导联ＳＴ段无明显下降。结果：Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组前降支病变发生率分别为８％、７５％、７４％和２８％，其前降支狭窄程度≥９０％者Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别占２２％、５８％；Ⅰ组前降支病变发生率８％；Ⅳ组前降支病变的发生率为２８％，但其前降支狭窄程度均＜９０％。结论：急性下壁心肌梗死伴前壁（Ｖ１～５导联）或广泛前壁（Ｖ１～６导联）及前侧壁（Ｖ４～６导联）ＳＴ段下降者大多合并前降支病变，前者ＳＴ段下降的主要原因是由于前降支严重狭窄病变致前壁心内膜下心肌缺血，后者则可能更多与心肌梗死相关血管有关。而Ｖ１～３导联ＳＴ段下降则考虑是一种对应性变化。     

左前降支解剖变异对急性前壁心肌梗死时下壁导联ST段变化的影响

分析５２例急性前壁心肌梗死的下壁导联ＳＴ段变化。按左前降支长短分两组，短组（组１．３５例）和长组（组２．１７例）胸前导联ＳＴ段上移的程度无差异，但组２下壁导联ＳＴ段下移的绝对值和相对值（ＳＴ８０　ａＶＦ／ＳＴ８０　Ｖ２）均较组１显著减轻（皆Ｐ＜０．０１）。组２中有５例（２９％）下壁导联ＳＴ８０在等电位线上或轻微上移。组２下壁导联ＳＴ８０下移减轻或不下移，反映了长左前降支闭塞引起的下壁心肌缺血。     

头胸导联右胸心电图诊断急性右室梗塞的价值

选择急性下壁合并右室梗塞（依据血液动力学诊断）患者３４例，比较其同部位、同时间右胸Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ导联（Ｖ３Ｒ～Ｖ７Ｒ）和头胸导联（ＨＶ３Ｒ～ＨＶ７Ｒ）的心电图，探讨后者诊断急性右室梗塞的价值。首次记录心电图的时间为发病１０（平均４±２．８）ｈ２４例（Ａ组），超过１０（平均３１±１６．８）ｈ１０例（Ｂ组），两组Ｖ５Ｒ～Ｖ７Ｒ、ＨＶ５Ｒ～ＨＶ７Ｒ导联病理性Ｑ波出现率均为１００％。Ｖ４Ｒ（ＨＶ４Ｒ）或Ｖ７Ｒ（ＨＶ７Ｒ）ＳＴ段抬高≥０．１ｍＶ者，Ａ组为１００％，Ｂ组Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ导联为６０％、头胸导联为１００％。头胸导联ＳＴ段抬高幅度高于Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ导联０．０５～０．１５ｍＶ；头胸导联不仅ＱＲＳ－Ｔ波群呈现急性损伤期向充分发展期的衍变与ａＶＦ导联一致，并且ＳＴ段抬高持续的时间也与ａＶＦ导联一致，此特征有利于急性右室梗塞的诊断。     

前壁急性心肌梗死V_1和V_(3R)导联ST段变化与冠状动脉分布的关系

目的：探讨前壁急性心肌梗死病人Ｖ１和Ｖ３Ｒ导联ＳＴ段变化与冠状动脉分布的关系。方法：前壁急性心肌梗死病人３４例，入院时均采集标准１２导联及Ｖ３Ｒ导联心电图，入院１０天内进行冠状动脉造影，评价心电图变化与冠状动脉分布的关系。根据Ｖ１导联ＳＴ段抬高幅度将病人分为两组：Ａ组（ＳＴ段抬高≥１．５ｍｍ，１５例）和Ｂ组（ＳＴ段抬高＜１．５ｍｍ，１９例）。将起源于右冠状动脉的圆锥动脉分为两种类型：小圆锥支型和大圆锥支型。结果：Ｖ３Ｒ导联ＳＴ段抬高在Ａ组和Ｂ组分别为１４例（９３％）和６例（３２％，Ｐ＜０．００１），小圆锥支型者在Ａ组和Ｂ组分别为１２例（８０％）和３例（１５％，Ｐ＜０．００１），大圆锥支型者１３例，均来自Ｂ组。结论：前壁急性心肌梗死病人入院时Ｖ１导联ＳＴ段抬高与Ｖ３Ｒ导联ＳＴ段抬高密切相关，均为小圆锥支型者。前壁急性心肌梗死Ｖ１导联无ＳＴ段抬高，表明除左前降支的间隔支供血外，心室间隔还得到大圆锥支型的血液供应而受到保护。     

ST-T多导联显著异常1例

ＳＴ－Ｔ多导联显著异常１例山东省莱州市第三人民医院（２６１４００）张国华刘秀道刘雨生患者男，５０岁。１１年前偶然查体中发现心电图ＳＴ－Ｔ显著异常，ＳＴⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ａＶＦ水平下移０．０５～０．０７５ｍＶ，ＳＴＶ３～Ｖ５水平下移０．１～０．３ｍＶ，ＳＴａ...     

心电图在判定急性下壁心肌梗死犯罪血管

目的评定心电图在判定急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管的意义。方法对５６例急性下壁心肌梗死患的心电图及冠状动脉造影资料进行分析。结果①罪犯血管是右冠状动脉占８５．７％,回旋支占１４．３％;②窦性心动过缓、房室传导阻滞、室颤是右冠状动脉闭塞指标;③ＳＴＩ．ａＶＬ压低≥１．０ｍｍ是右冠状动脉闭塞敏感指标（Ｐ＜０．０５及Ｐ＜０．０１）,敏感性及特异性分别为６９％、７５％及９２％、７５％,而缺乏ＳＴＩ．ａＶＬ压低     

正常变异性ST－T改变1例

正常变异性ＳＴ－Ｔ改变１例陈云森，顾张水，金先银患者，男，４９岁．２４岁时因患＂急性上呼吸道感染＂住院，常规查心电图示：Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ａＶＦ导联Ｔ波倒置，Ｖ２～６．导联Ｔ波深倒，ＳＴ段压低０．２～０．５ｍＶ．临床初诊：①急性心内膜下心肌梗塞？②心肌病？...     

急性下壁心肌梗死患者冠状动脉造影结果分析

随着冠状动脉造影术的广泛开展,使了解心肌梗死心电图改变和冠状动脉病变之间的关系成为可能,我们通过对５６例急性下壁心肌梗死患者的冠状动脉造影结果及其１２导联体表心电图加以比较分析,以了解它们之间的关系。资料与方法１．研究对象：５６例首次急性下壁心肌梗死患者,男性３７例,女性１９例,年龄４１－７６岁,平均年龄５９±７．７岁。所有病例均有明确的胸痛史,典型的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ａＶＦ导联ＳＴ段抬高和心肌酶学动态变化。其中伴胸前导联ＳＴ段压低者３０例,胸前导联ＳＴ段正常者２６例。２．心电图记录：急性下壁心肌梗死患者…     

阵发性室上性心动过速时ST－T改变的临床意义

回顾性分析经射频消融治疗的４１８例阵发性室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ）发作时的体表１２导联心电图，以了解ＳＴ－Ｔ改变的临床意义。结果表明３０５例房室折返性心动过速（ＡＶＲＴ）中，ＳＴ段下移≥２ｍｍ且持续≥８０ｍｓ和（或）Ｔ波倒置者有１８１例（５９．３４％），明显高于房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）患者（２８／１１３，２４．７８％）Ｐ＜０．００５。并且此差异不能被心率所矫正。此外左游离壁旁道患者ＳＴ段压低多分布在Ｖ３～Ｖ６导联，而右后和左后隔旁道患者倒置的Ｔ波和（或）ＳＴ段压低多发生于Ｉ、ＩＩ、ａＶＦ导联。提示ＰＳＶＴ时心电图上ＳＴ－Ｔ改变可作为区分ＡＶＲＴ和ＡＶＮＲＴ的一个有用指标，并且可能还有粗略的旁道定位价值     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.