亚临床肝性脑病患者BAEP的研究

目的:探讨脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)对评价亚临床肝性脑病患者早期脑力能状况价值.方法:对94例经临床确诊的肝硬化失代偿期的患者进行BAEP检测,并与100例正常对照者进行对比分析.结果:疾病组Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的潜伏期(PL)及Ⅰ~Ⅲ、Ⅲ~Ⅴ、Ⅰ~Ⅴ波波峰间期(IPL)均延长.期中以Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的潜伏期(PL)及Ⅰ~Ⅲ、Ⅲ~Ⅴ、Ⅰ~Ⅴ波波峰间期(IPL)延长较明显,与正常对照组比较有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论:BAEP对亚临床肝性脑病患者患者工能的评价提供了一项客观指标,有助于临床早期诊断和治疗.     

煤工尘肺合并低氧血症42例患者脑干听觉诱发电位检测报告

目的:分析煤矿工人尘肺合并低氧血症患者脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)的改变及特点,研究这些患者长期慢性脑部缺氧对脑干功能的影响。方法:对42例煤矿工人尘肺合并低氧血症患者与对照组进行BAEP测试,测定Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ各波潜伏期(PL)、峰间潜伏期(IPL)、两耳间PL或IPL之差(ILD),Ⅰ-Ⅲ/Ⅲ-Ⅴ之IPL比,同侧Ⅴ/Ⅰ波幅比等数值。结果:病例组IPL明显延长,与对照组比较差异非常显著(P<0.01)。结论:BAEP能敏感反映煤矿工人尘肺合并低氧血症患者脑干的功能障碍,其对早期了解肺性脑病脑干功能有一定价值。     

脑干听觉诱发电位和纯音电测听在甲状腺机能减退患者中的应用价值

目的:探讨脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)、纯音电测听(PTA)在甲状腺机能减退症(甲减)中的应用价值. 方法:选择200例甲减患者进行BAEP及PTA检测,并分别对治疗前后结果进行比较.结果:治疗后 BAEP Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的潜伏期(PL) 及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ的波间潜伏期(IPL)与治疗前相比明显缩短(P<0.01),其中Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波有一个以上波的PL缩短或治疗前波形消失者占72.5%; Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ中有一个以上的IPL缩短者占85%; Ⅴ波波幅增高并且Ⅴ/Ⅰ大于0.5或双侧Ⅴ波的潜伏期侧差(IDL)小于0.3 ms、Ⅲ-Ⅴ IPL小于Ⅰ-Ⅲ IPL的占68.5%.PTA检测在治疗前后听阈检测方面无明显差异.结论:PTA检测有很大的主观性,不利于甲减患者治疗结果的观察随访,BAEP可客观的反映听觉系统和脑干功能状况,因此可以代替PTA检测,并可用于对甲减患者的治疗结果进行随访.     

后循环缺血患者的脑血流动力学及神经电生理变化

目的:探讨后循环缺血(PCI)患者的脑血流动力学及神经电生理学的变化.方法:对134例经临床确诊的PCI患者依据临床症状及CT、MRI检查结果分为梗死组(58例)和非梗死组(76例),均进行经颅多普勒(TCD)及脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)检查,并与健康对照组(68例)进行对比.结果:134例PCI患者TCD异常98例,异常率为73.1%,主要异常表现为椎基底动脉系统血流速度降低或增快、血流频谱改变及PI值增高.其中梗死组TCD异常率(50/58,86.1%)高于非梗死组(48/76,63.2%),差异有显著意义(P<0.01).BAEP异常107例,异常率为79.7%,主要异常表现为Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的潜伏期(PL)和Ⅲ-Ⅴ波的波间潜伏期(IPL)延长,脑干型所占比例较最高(44/134,32.8%),内耳型最低(25/134,18.5%),混合型介于其中(38/134,28.4%).梗死组Ⅲ波PL(3.97±0.23 ms)较非梗死组(3.78±0.25 ms)显著延长(P<0.05),梗死组Ⅴ波PL(5.94±0.31 ms)较非梗死组(5.65±0.29 ms)显著延长(P<0.01),梗死组Ⅲ-Ⅴ波IPL(2.19±0.21 ms)较非梗死组(1.92±0.22 ms)显著延长(P<0.01).结论:TCD可无创地检测PCI患者的血流动力学异常,具有较高的敏感性;BAEP能灵敏地检测出PCI患者的神经功能异常,其异常程度可部分反映病情的严重程度,联合应用TCD及BAEP可为PCI的诊断和病情评估提供重要的参考.     

前庭系统性眩晕病人的脑干听觉诱发电位检测

目的：探讨脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）对前庭周围性眩晕和中枢性眩晕的鉴别诊断价值。方法：对86例前庭系统性眩晕患者进行BAEP检查，观察Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的潜伏期（PL）、波形分化情况和Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波的峰间期潜伏期（IPL）、两耳测间差（ILD）以及Ⅰ/Ⅴ波幅比例。结果：86例中有51例（59％）异常，依其表现分为两型：①内耳型24例：表现为Ⅰ波分化不良或波形消失，PL延长及其后各波相应延长，ILD相应增大；②脑干型27例：表现为Ⅰ波正常，Ⅲ、Ⅴ波分化不良或波形消失，Ⅲ波或Ⅴ波PL、Ⅰ-Ⅲ及Ⅲ-ⅤIPL延长，ILD相应增大。结论：BAEP应是一种鉴别前庭系统周围性和中枢性眩晕比较敏感的方法。     

脑干听觉诱发电位对前庭系统性眩晕的诊断价值

目的 :探讨脑干听觉诱发电位 (BAEP)对前庭系统性眩晕的诊断价值。方法 :对 12 6例前庭系统性眩晕者进行BAEP检查 ,并以 5 0名正常健康受试者作对照。结果 :12 6例中BAEP异常 90例 ,异常率 71 4 %。其表现分为二组 :①内耳型组 37例 ,可见Ⅰ波消失或Ⅰ波和其后各波均消失 ,或Ⅰ波潜伏期 (PL)延长及其后各波相应延长 ,同时Ⅰ波至Ⅴ波峰间期 (IPL)延长 ;②脑干型组 5 3例 ,表现为Ⅰ波正常 ,Ⅲ波或Ⅴ波PL延长或波形消失 ,Ⅲ—Ⅴ、Ⅰ—ⅢIPL延长 ,Ⅴ /Ⅰ波幅比小于 0 5及双侧Ⅴ波PL侧间差 >0 4ms。结论 :BAEP对于前庭周围性眩晕和前庭中枢性眩晕的鉴别有一定的参考价值     

40例听神经瘤患者的脑干听觉诱发电位分析

目的：分析听神经瘤患者脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）的改变及特点。方法：对40例听神经瘤患者（80耳）进行BAEP检测，测定Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ各波潜伏期（PL）、峰间潜伏期（IPL）、双耳间PL或IPL之侧间差（ILD）等数值。结果：患侧异常率为100％。主要表现为Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波消失，Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期延长，Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波峰间期延长。听神经瘤对侧异常率为68％。主要表现为Ⅲ-Ⅴ波峰间期延长。结论：BAEP检测是一项客观敏感的神经电生理学指标，对于听神经瘤的诊断具有重要价值。     

脑干听觉诱发电位对前庭系统性眩晕的诊断价值

目的：探讨脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）对前庭周围性眩晕和中枢性眩晕的鉴别诊断价值。方法：对96例前庭系统性眩晕患者（研究组）及50名（100只耳）健康人（对照组）进行BAEP检查，观察两组Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的潜伏期（PL）、波形分化情况，Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波的峰间潜伏期（IPL）、两耳侧间差（ILD）以及Ⅴ／Ⅰ波幅比值。对照组50名均为与研究组年龄、性别相匹配的健康人。结果：对照组Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波波形分化良好、重现性佳，各波PL及IPL均正常，Ⅱ一Ⅴ IPL〈Ⅰ～Ⅲ IPL，同侧Ⅴ／Ⅰ波幅比值大于0．5，各波PL侧差（ILD）〈0.4ms研究组96例中有68例（71％）异常。两组的PL和IPL数值进行比较存在着显著性差异（P〈0．01）。研究组68例BAEP异常者，依其表现分为两型。①内耳型28例，表现为Ⅰ波分化不良或波形消失，PL延长及其后各波相应延长，Ⅰ—ILD大于0.4ms；②脑干型40例，表现为Ⅰ波正常，Ⅲ波或Ⅴ波PL延长或波形消失，Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ—Ⅴ的IPL延长，Ⅴ／Ⅰ波幅比小于0．5及双侧Ⅴ—ILD〉0．4ms，两型之间的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波PL及Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ—Ⅴ的IPL存在着显著性差异（P〈0．01），而Ⅰ-Ⅲ的IPL无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：BAEP是鉴别前庭系统周围性和中枢性眩晕比较敏感的诊断方法。     

早产儿的脑干听觉诱发电位及听力检测

目的:探讨早产儿脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)的特征及听力损失情况.方法:对46例不同出生胎龄早产儿进行BAEP及听力检测,分析BAEP主要波形成分Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的峰潜伏期(PL),波幅及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ峰问期(IPL).以单侧耳Ⅴ波反应阈值作为听反应阈.结果:以30例正常足月儿为对照,不同出生胎龄新生儿BAEP Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的PL,Ⅰ～Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波的IPL比较差异有显著意义(P＜0.05).46例早产儿存在听力损失27例(59%),30例足月儿存在听力损失2例(7%),差异有非常显著意义(γ2=20.62,P＜0.01).胎龄＜30周的4例均发生听力损失(100%),且均为中重度以上听力损失;胎龄30～33周23例中,发生听力损失13例(68%),其中中重度以上听力损失者占37%;胎龄≥34～36 6周23例,发生听力损失10例(43%),其中中重度以上听力损失者占11%.不同胎龄组间发生听损失的差异有非常显著意义(x2=16.56,P＜0.01),中重度以上听力损失的发生率差异尤为显著(x2=27.6,P＜0.01).结论:胎龄是影响新生儿BAEP的重要因素,早产儿胎龄越小,听力损失的发生率越高,听损失的严重程度越重.     

轻型非典型病毒性脑炎患儿的BAEP检测

目的：探讨脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）在小儿轻型非典型病毒性脑炎中的应用价值。方法：选择100例轻型非典型病毒性脑炎患儿进行BAEP检测,与正常组对照,分析BAEP各波峰潜伏期（PL）、峰间期（IPL）的差异。结果：与正常组相小儿轻型非典型病毒性脑炎组异常率为59％。表现为波形分化欠佳,Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波PL及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ—ⅤIPL延长。结论：BAEP有助于判定轻型非典型病毒性脑炎患儿中的脑干功能状态。     

Studies on the structure and function of the apolipoprotein(a) gene

Lp(a) is an LDL-like lipoprotein that is a major inherited risk factor for atherosclerosis. It is distinguished from Lp(a) by the addition of apolipoprotein(a). The gene structure of apolipoprotein(a) is homologous to plasminogen, and competition with plasminogen activity may account for some of the pathophysiology associated with Lp(a). Six highly related genes have now been identified, and at least four are found in close proximity in overlapping genomic clones. Studies have begun on the regulation of apolipoprotein (a) gene expression, and the human apolipoprotein(a) gene has been inserted into transgenic mice, where it leads to the development of arterial lesions.     

视觉诱发电位在诊断多发性硬化症中的应用

目的：探讨视觉诱发电位对多发性硬化症早期诊断的应用价值。方法：对多发性硬化症患行视觉诱发电位（VEP）检查。结果：多发性硬化症患常有视神经受累，经视觉诱发电位检测，P100波潜伏期均有不同程度延长，P100波振幅降低。结论：视觉诱发电位对多发性硬化症早期诊断有重要价值。     

骨质疏松症患者血清CT、Ca和P的水平观察

目的：为了研究血清降钙素（CT）、钙（Ca）和磷（P）的水平对激素引起男、女性骨质疏松症（OP）的影响。方法：放射免疫分析了血清CT的水平,生化法测定了血钙和血磷,发光免疫分析了性激素水平,并都做了相关性分析。结果：67例男性OP的血清Ca、P和E2均明显高于正常对照组（P均〈0.01）,而血清CT和T较正常对照组明显降低（P〈0.01）。在治疗前,60例女性OP患者血清Ca、P和T均明显高于正常对照组（P均〈0.01）,而血清CT和E2较正常对照组明显降低（P〈0.01）;治疗后女性OP患者血清CT和E2较治疗前明显增高,血清Ca、P和T明显降低,血清CT、E2和T较正常对照组接近（P均〉0.05）,而血清Ca和P较正常对照组仍增高（P〈0.05）。结论：由性激素引起的OP与血清CT、Ca、P和性激素相互之间存在着相关关系。在女性OP治疗时,以CT、E2和T水平为随访的最佳指导。     

Vacuum Ultraviolet Photolysis of Hydrocarbon Polymers

Summary: The wavelength‐dependent vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis of several polymers, low density polyethylene (LDPE), biaxially oriented poly(propylene) (BOPP), atactic polystyrene (PS), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), was studied by irradiation in vacuum with the well‐characterized emissions from four different resonant or excimer VUV sources. These lamps comprise radiofrequency (r.f.) discharges in different noble gases, such as krypton, xenon (at low pressures, producing near‐monochromatic resonant line radiations), xenon excimer (at “high” pressure), and a deuterium/argon mixture (producing a broad‐band emission). VUV‐induced mass loss (ablation or etching) was monitored in situ by quartz crystal microbalance measurements. Following irradiation, samples were analysed by ATR‐FTIR and XPS, to evaluate near‐surface structural changes (e.g., creation of unsaturation, cross‐linking) resulting from the VUV‐initiated bond scissions and radical‐creation reactions. PMMA was the most readily ablatable polymer, whereas the mass loss of BOPP was higher than that of LDPE, regardless of the irradiation wavelength, λ. All polymers were found to form double bonds, with the exception of PS, which is rather stable, probably due to energy dissipation by fluorescence.

Formation of double bonds in a) vinyl‐, b) vinylidene‐, and c) vinylene‐like unsaturated groups, as a function of the radiation dose, D, for KrL (?), XeL (?), and D₂Ar‐irradiated (?) PMMA.     

New insights in the role of nucleoporins: A bridge leading to concerted steps from HIV-1 nuclear entry until integration

Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), as well as many other viruses that depend on nuclear entry for replication, has developed an evolutionary strategy to dock and translocate through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In particular, the nuclear pore is not a static window but it is a dynamic structure involved in many vital cellular functions, as nuclear import/export, gene regulation, chromatin organization and genome stability. This review aims to shed light on viral mechanisms developed by HIV-1 to usurp cellular machinery to favor viral gene expression and their replication. In particular, it will be reviewed both what is known and what is speculated about the link between HIV translocation through the nuclear pore and the proviral integration in the host chromatin.     

Dexamethasone attenuates LPS-induced changes in expression of urea transporter and aquaporin proteins,ameliorating brain endotoxemia in mice

Aim: AQP4 in the brain is involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of encephalopathy. AQPs family changes in kidney were accompanied by altered UTs family. The aim of this study was to observe AQP4 and UT-A3 expression in CNS and to explore their role in the pathogenesis of endotoxemia encephalopathy following peripheral LPS injection in mice. Methods: Endotoxemia was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The expression of UT-A3 and AQP4 in brain were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, the level of cytokines were detected by ELISA, and the content of LDH, AST/ALT, BUN and CREA were detected by colorimetric method. Results: As compared with the control group, in model group, the brain weight/ body weight ratio increased by 13%. Meanwhile, a 2.5 fold increase in LDH and a 1.2 fold increase in AST/ALT were found in peripheral serum (P < 0.05), and also, BUN and CREA increased 2.5 fold (P < 0.01). In addition to severe CNS injury in response to lipopolysaccharide, the contents of cytokines and the expression of AQP4 protein in hippocampal is increased (P < 0.05), while the expression of UT-A3 protein in the hippocampus and cortical astrocytes decreased (P < 0.05). And, in part, Dexa pretreatment attenuated those effects. Conclusions: In endotoxemia encephalopathy, AQPs and UTs which regulate the functions of cell membrane are both altered. We suggested that the molecular mechanisms of regulation in endotoxemia may provide a new strategy for clinical treatment of the disease and drug binding sites.     

仿生型BG-COL-HYA-PS复合支架细胞相容性

目的:研究仿生型BG-COL-PS-HYA复合支架材料与成骨细胞的相容性。方法:将小鼠胚胎成骨细胞种植于BG-COL-HYA-PS、BG-COL复合材料、58SBG支架上,用MTT法、ALP活性测定等观察细胞在材料中的生长情况。通过体外实验方法,观察其生物相容性。结果:成骨细胞在BG-COL-HYA-PS材料上能良好粘附、增殖,而在58SBG材料上粘附差、细胞逐渐死亡。MTT法结果显示:联合培养后,BG-COL-HYA-PS组的OD值为0.314±0.004,5天时达到0.621±0.002,分别为58SBG组的1.49倍和1.44倍,P<0.05。结论:仿生型BG-COL-PS-HYA复合支架具有天然骨分级结构和有良好的生物相容性,在诱导成骨细胞增殖方面性能优越,可作为骨组织工程支架材料,临床应用前景广阔。     

Distribution of six neuropeptides in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat: an immunohistochemical analysis

Distribution of substance P-, [Leu]enkephalin-, cholecystokinin-8-, neurotensin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide- and gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone-like immunoreactive structures were investigated in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method. The density of the immunoreactive structures varied markedly according to neuropeptides or subnuclei, with the medial and commissural nuclei containing the highest density. This suggests that the peptides examined play a role in cardiovascular function. However, as seen in the substance P- and [Leu]enkephalin-like immunoreactive structures, these peptides were widely distributed in the nucleus tractus solitarii in addition to the commissural and medial nuclei; a high density of immunoreactive fibers in the ventral, dorsolateral and intermediate subnuclei. In addition to the immunoreactive fiber plexus, a group of immunoreactive cells was also identified in the subnuclei mentioned above. These findings strongly suggest that substance P- and [Leu]enkephalin-like immunoreactive structures are involved not only in cardiovascular function but also in other functions such as respiration, at least in the rat. Finally, the present study demonstrated that the area postrema, particularly its lateral portion, contains various neuropeptide-like structures, both neurons and fibers, substance P-, [Leu]enkephalin-, cholecystokinin-8- and neurotensin-like immunoreactive neurons and fibers, and avian pancreatic polypeptide- and gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone-like immunoreactive fibers.     

植物血凝素（PHA）对小鼠骨髓粒—巨噬祖细胞的保护作用

以体外半固体琼脂培养方法,观察了PHA对小鼠骨髓CFU—GM的保护作用.结果显示 小鼠经腹腔往射PHA后,对小鼠CFU—GM的自杀率有明显提高,提示适量的PHA在体内可以促进小鼠CFU—GM增殖.使更多的CFU—GM由Go进入S期.我们发现4mg/kg三尖杉酯碱(Ha)明显抑制小鼠CFU—GM增殖,若先用PHA(30mg/kg处理小鼠,则可对抗上述剂量的Ha,使CFU—GM产率维持于对照组水平.提示PHA能有效地保护粒-巨噬系免受Ha的损害,     

New Complex Crystals of Chiral Poly(L‐lactic acid) and Different Tactic Poly(methyl methacrylate)

Based on evidence from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, a new stereocomplex crystal (DSC T_m = 175 °C, with WAXD 2θ = 10.0° and 12.5°) is proven for the first time between structurally dissimilar chiral poly(L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (sPMMA). There is a strong complexing capacity only between low molecular weight PLLA and sPMMA, in miscible state, at specific weight fractions (70:30). The complexing capacity is more significant when the mixtures are melt‐crystallized at T_c = 110 °C or lower, and the intensity of this complex can be further enhanced if it is annealed between 100 and 160 °C, below its T_m = 175 °C. The new complex crystal can be formed only between PLLA and sPMMA, but not with isotactic or atactic PMMA.