蝶窦炎性病变和肿瘤的诊断与治疗

分析２７例蝶窦炎性病变和肿瘤的临床资料，其中炎症１２例，良性肿瘤１０例，恶性肿瘤５例，比较了蝶窦炎性病变与肿瘤的ＣＴ扫描与ＭＲＩ检查的表现，发现炎性病变骨质侵蚀较肿瘤者少，Ｔ２信号强度较明显。讨论了各种蝶窦手术时路的适应证，提出经鼻外筛窦进路是治疗蝶窦病变的优选术式。     

孤立性蝶窦疾病:132例分析

对１９７４～１９９６年收治的１３２例孤立性蝶窦疾病进行回顾性研究，病人年龄６～９０岁，平均５１岁，男性６０例，女性７２例。根据病变性质将病例分为四组：炎性病变组８０例，包括急慢性蝶窦炎３９例，真菌性蝶窦炎６例，息肉及潴留囊肿７例，粘液囊肿２８例；肿瘤组３８例，包括良性肿瘤１０例，恶性肿瘤１５例，转移性肿瘤３例，颅内或鼻咽部肿瘤侵犯蝶窦１０例；纤维骨性病变组４例，其中纤维发育异常及骨化纤维瘤各２例；混合组１０例，包括蝶窦异物５例，脑膨出２例，颈内动脉瘤２例，斜坡囊肿１例。主要症状有头痛、视力障碍及…     

孤立性蝶窦疾病的诊断和治疗

目的探讨孤立性蝶窦疾病的诊断和治疗方法.方法对本科2000年7月～2003年7月收治的孤立性蝶窦疾病16例,对其临床表现及治疗经过进行分析.结果16例中,炎性病变6例;囊肿5例;霉菌性蝶窦炎4例;恶性肿瘤1例.临床表现以头痛,眼部症状如上睑下垂、复视、视力下降为主.结论对不明原因的头痛、视力下降患者应高度怀疑蝶窦病变,宜及早进行鼻内镜、CT、MRI检查和早期治疗.鼻内镜下经鼻腔蝶窦进路是治疗孤立性蝶窦疾病的首选术式.     

经鼻内窥镜垂体腺瘤切除术

目的 探讨鼻内窥镜在垂体瘤手术中的应用价值和适应证。方法开展了２４例经鼻内镜 体腺瘤切除手术。２４例垂体腺回味各２０例为经鼻蝶窦进路，４例为经鼻中隔蝶窦进路。结果 ２０例经鼻蝶窦进路瘤组织得到了完全切除，手术所需时间较经鼻中隔蝶窦进路显微外科手术明显缩短。４例经鼻中隔蝶窦进路中３例瘤组织完全切除，１例非分泌性腺瘤患者因瘤组织侵犯鞍旁及海绵窦，仅行大部分切除。所有秫后能、视力障碍和闭经泌乳等症状均有     

内窥镜鼻窦外科技术在蝶窦区域手术的应用

应用内窥镜鼻窦外科技术施行蝶窦区域的手术28例。采取两种进路:①经鼻内筛、蝶窦进路行全蝶筛切除术8例、蝶窦开放术12例、蝶窦占位性病变切除4例、蝶窦脑脊液鼻漏修补术2例和视神经管减压术1例,②鼻中隔蝶窦进路行垂体瘤部分切除术1例。部分手术在电视监视下进行。本文简要介绍了6种手术方式,讨论了手术适应证的选择及术中、术后并发症发生的原因以及预防和处理方法。     

经鼻内窥镜治疗真菌性蝶窦炎

目的探讨经鼻内窥镜治疗真菌性蝶窦炎的手术方法。方法9例真菌性蝶窦炎患者,均采用鼻窦内窥镜手术治疗。结果经6～36个月随访,9例均治愈。结论经鼻内窥镜手术治疗真菌性蝶窦炎具有手术进路安全,患者痛苦小,疗效肯定,术后不易复发等优点。     

经鼻内镜治疗累及蝶窦的中颅底占位性病变

目的：探讨累及蝶窦的中颅底占位性病变的诊断治疗方法。方法：对18例累及蝶窦的中颅底硬膜外占位病变患者施行经鼻内镜手术。结果：1例原发性空蝶鞍误诊为蝶窦囊肿,1例骨纤维异常增殖、1例脑膜瘤误诊为真菌性蝶窦炎,误诊率为16.7%。17例全部切除病变,1例大部分切除肿瘤。术中出血量100～2 500 ml。15例治愈,无并发症;1例并发细菌性脑膜炎治愈;1例双眼失明;1例因肺栓塞死亡。结论：经鼻内镜治疗蝶窦和累及蝶窦的中颅底硬膜外良性占位性病变可行。术前明确诊断、术中准确定位和仔细操作是手术成功的重要保证。     

蝶窦炎性疾病的诊断与手术治疗

目的探讨蝶窦炎性病变的诊断与手术治疗。方法回顾性分析1996年5月～2006年12月的25例蝶窦炎性疾病的临床表现、影像学特点、手术治疗结果和随访。结果本病主要症状为头痛和眼部症状,25例患者均经CT检查,均在全身麻醉经鼻内镜下蝶窦开放手术,术后病理确诊,症状先后缓解或消失,随访6个月至2年末见复发。结论蝶窦炎性疾病临床表现无特异性,易误诊;鼻内镜和CT检查能提高诊断率,鼻内镜下蝶窦手术是治疗蝶窦炎性疾病安全、有效。     

鼻内镜下治疗蝶窦非垂体源性病变53例

目的:探讨蝶窦非垂体源性病变的诊断及鼻内镜治疗方法。方法:53例蝶窦非垂体源性病变患者均经CT扫描发现蝶鞍区病变并提示了病变范围。8例局限性病变者经蝶窦前壁自然口入路完成手术,2例鼻咽纤维瘤侵犯蝶窦者经鼻中隔中线入路,其余经上鼻道或蝶筛入路暴露病变。结果:53例蝶窦非垂体源性病变中,蝶窦囊肿及脓囊肿23例、蝶窦真菌感染8例、蝶窦出血性息肉2例、垂体瘤切除术后蝶窦炎性肉芽肿1例、蝶窦乳头状瘤5例、蝶窦脑脊液鼻漏1例、蝶窦骨化纤维瘤2例、鼻咽血管纤维瘤侵犯蝶窦2例、筛蝶窦脑膜瘤1例均行鼻内镜下蝶窦开放切除病变或修补脑膜,术后症状明显改善;蝶窦内血肿并颈内动脉假性动脉瘤3例仅作鼻内镜检查,经DSA证实并行血管内介入栓塞治疗后治愈;蝶窦恶性肿瘤3例,经蝶筛入路切除蝶窦内大部分肿瘤后辅以放化疗;鼻咽癌侵犯蝶窦2例病理检查证实后行放化疗。结论:蝶窦鞍区病变以头痛、眼部症状为常见症状,CT、MRI及DSA检查对蝶窦病变的及早发现和诊断起着重要作用,鼻内镜下处理蝶窦病变径路多样,选择适当径路可达到直接、安全、微创等目的。     

经鼻内镜颅底进路手术的探索

目的 探讨经鼻内镜颅底进路手术的可行性和适应证范围。方法 分别采用经鼻内镜前颅底进路和蝶窦后上壁进路完成前颅窝异物取出术、前颅窝嗅神经母细胞瘤和脑膜瘤切除术、侵入前颅窝的鼻腔内翻性乳头状瘤切除术、侵入中颅窝的巨大蝶窦囊肿切除术、原发性中颅窝鞍旁岩尖部胆脂瘤切除术、侵入鞍区的占位性病变切除术共9例。结果 9例手术均获成功，未发生术中和术后并发症。除1例低分化鳞癌鞍区占位性病变术后2年死于其他非相关性疾病外，另外良性（5例）和恶性（3例）占位性病变随访1-7年未见复发。结论 紧靠颅底的颅内占位性疾病外，另外良性（5例）和恶性（3例）占位性病变随访1-7年未见复发。结论 紧靠颅底的颅内占位性病变有经鼻内镜手术的可能性，但是适应证选择应非常严格，术者必须具备熟练的解剖学知识、手术技巧和经验，并配备先进的手术设备。对范围局限的恶性病变，应强调手术后的综合性治疗。     

慢性蝶窦炎

蝶窦炎因其特殊的解剖部位及无独特临床症状，往往被临床医师忽视，以往报道少。本组分析了５８例蝶窦炎，其特异的临床症状不明显，由于ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ和鼻内窥镜的广泛应用，使本病诊断已不困难。鼻内窥镜下的手术处理，患者痛苦少，操作简单。本组大部分病例（５３例）为继发于鼻腔及筛窦病变的蝶筛窦炎，孤立性蝶窦炎５例，在临床上比较少见。     

14例蝶窦病变临床分析

分析14例经手术和病理证实的蝶窦病变，其中粘液囊肿6例，炎症3例，良性肿瘤3例，恶性肿瘤2例。主要临床表现为头痛和眼部症状，其次为鼻部症状，CT和MRI对诊断很有价值，并对各种蝶窦病变的手术径路进行了讨论，提出鼻窦内窥镜手术是治疗蝶窦炎症性病变的优选术式。     

Sphenoid sinus revisited

J. H. Maxwell, M.D., in 1959 presented a paper on, “The Diagnosis of Chronic Inflammatory Lesions of the Sphenoid Sinus.” In that paper he reviewed chronic inflammatory lesions of the sphenoid sinus and demonstrated through means of case presentations various techniques required for proper diagnosis. During the past five years at the Geisinger Medical Center some interesting noninflammatory lesions of the sphenoid sinuses have been observed and will be reviewed. The symptoms of these sphenoid sinus lesions are usually related to abnormalities of the orbit and/or nasal passages. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and meningitis may be present. Pain, when present, is generally not as severe as that described in inflammatory lesions, but is still localized in a similar manner. The diagnosis of sphenoid sinus disease may be suspected on the history and x-rays of the paranasal sinuses. Poytomography and computerized tomography scanning have aided markedly in the identification of the sphenoid lesions. Surgery in these cases included either a transnnsal or sublabial transseptal approach to the sphenoid sinus and is recommended as a method to gain access to this rather obscure area.     

鼻内镜联合显微镜行蝶窦及经蝶鞍区微创手术

目的探讨经单侧鼻腔直接入路行蝶窦及经蝶鞍区微创手术的方法。方法鼻内镜下用Hardy′s撑开器外移中鼻甲,扩大鼻腔,直达并开放蝶窦前壁,联合显微镜切除病变。结果12例孤立性蝶窦炎术后窦口开放良好,症状消失。9例蝶窦囊肿、脑膜瘤一次手术切除。1例蝶窦骨瘤术后症状消失。1例外伤性失明视神经管减压,术后视力无恢复。33例垂体瘤中 18例行全切除术,12例行次全切除术,3例行大部分切除术,术后补充X刀治疗。56例术后随访6个月～3.5年,蝶窦炎、蝶窦囊肿、脑膜瘤、蝶窦骨瘤术后无复发,3例垂体腺瘤复发,无颅内及鼻腔并发症。结论鼻内镜联合显微镜经单侧鼻腔直接入路行蝶窦及经蝶鞍区手术,创伤小、时间短、出血少、并发症少、效果好,是目前较好的蝶窦及经蝶鞍区微创术式。     

Sphenoid marsupialization for chronic sphenoidal sinusitis

OBJECTIVES: To review experience with sphenoid marsupialization and describe the technique using new instrumentation. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of five cases of chronic sphenoid sinusitis that were resistant to standard medical and surgical methods, which were treated by sphenoid marsupialization. METHODS: Charts were reviewed and patients were interviewed regarding postoperative resolution of symptoms. RESULTS: Five cases of recalcitrant sphenoid sinusitis were reviewed. All patients had headache before surgery, and two had visual disturbance. In follow-up ranging from 1 to 87 months, all were free of symptoms related to the sphenoid sinus. CONCLUSIONS: Marsupialization is an effective method of exteriorizing a chronically infected sphenoid sinus. The use of functional endoscopic sinus surgery instruments and the TAC attachment of the Midas Rex drill make this surgery possible.     

鼻内镜下蝶窦开放术治疗真菌性蝶窦炎32例临床体会

目的 探讨鼻内镜下蝶窦开放术治疗真菌性蝶窦炎的技术要点和疗效分析。方法 回顾分析2006年6月～2009年6月在我院确诊为真菌性蝶窦炎患者32例的临床资料,总结其影像学特征及临床表现,并分析手术技术要点及治疗效果。结果 鼻窦CT显示蝶窦腔内可见明显的高密度斑点或条块状钙化影,是本病特征性的表现。真菌性蝶窦炎临床表现以头痛、涕中带血为主。术后随访12~18个月,患者症状明显好转,无鼻腔黏连、复发等发生。结论 鼻窦CT检查可提高真菌性蝶窦炎的诊断率,鼻内镜手术具有视野清晰、创伤小、出血少、安全性高等优点,符合功能性手术的理念,是治疗真菌性蝶窦炎的首选术式。     

孤立性蝶窦疾病的诊断和治疗

目的探讨孤立性蝶窦疾病的临床表现,提高首诊准确率,并寻求合适的治疗方法。方法22例术前均行CT或MRI和鼻内镜检查,术中取病变组织送病理明确诊断。结果经鼻内镜手术后随访5个月至两年半,22例症状明显好转,蝶窦前壁通畅,窦壁光滑。结论孤立性蝶窦疾病并非罕见,头痛是常见非特异性症状,可伴有视力下降等颅神经损害及血性涕等症状。鼻内镜手术是治疗本病的首选术式。     

Isolated sphenoid sinus disease: an analysis of 122 cases

Isolated sphenoid sinus disease (ISSD) is a relatively uncommon disease. The present study is a retrospective review of 122 patients with ISSD who were treated at the Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital at Shanghai Medical University over a 25-year period. The diagnosis of ISSD was made on the basis of history and physical examination, signs and symptoms, nasal endoscopy, and computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The final diagnosis of ISSD was confirmed by histopathologic and microbiological examinations of the surgical specimens. The pathological findings in this study included sphenoid cyst (47 cases), sphenoid sinusitis (31 cases), fungal disease (19 cases), inverted papilloma (4 cases), sphenochoanal polyp (1 case), foreign body (8 cases), malignant tumors (8 cases), and others (4 cases). The most common initial symptom was headache, followed in decreasing order by visual changes, cranial nerve palsies, and nasal symptoms. The more frequent use of routine CT and MRI scanning, as well as endoscopy, in the diagnosis of sinus disease has led to an increase in the early diagnosis of ISSD. The recent advances in endoscopic sphenoidotomy has allowed for relatively safe and immediate treatment of ISSD, preventing late extension into adjacent vital structures, which is commonly fatal. Endoscopic surgery also enables the surgeon to make a precise pathological diagnosis.     

鼻内镜下蝶窦开放术治疗真菌性蝶窦炎10例

目的观察鼻内镜下蝶窦开放术治疗真菌性蝶窦炎的疗效。方法回顾性分析鼻内镜下行蝶窦开放术治疗的10例真菌性蝶窦炎患者，总结其临床表现、影像学特征及治疗效果。结果真菌性蝶窦炎以涕中带血、头痛为主要症状表现，鼻窦CT扫描在其诊断中具有重要意义。经鼻内镜下蝶窦开放术治疗后随访1年，10例均未见复发。结论鼻内镜手术具有创伤小、出血少视野清晰、安全等优点，符合功能性手术的理念，是真菌性蝶窦炎的有效治疗方法。     

Sphenoid sinus mucocele

Sphenoid sinus mucocele is a rare entity that can occur alone or as a result of ethmoid sinusitis and polyposis. A myriad of presentations is possible due to the presence of important contiguous neurologic and vascular structures. Past surgical approaches to the sphenoid sinus have problems associated with them. The endoscopic sinus technique offers outstanding visualization and a safe, straight-forward approach to the sphenoid sinus. Four patients with documented mucocele of the sphenoid sinus were treated successfully with endoscopic sinus surgery. The technique involves partial removal of the inferior middle turbinate and direct entrance into the sphenoid sinus through the anterior sinus wall. Other sinus abnormalities can be treated simultaneously as required. Sphenoid sinus mucocele is discussed from the standpoint of cause, clinical presentation, and treatment options.