截骨延长髂骨植骨治疗桡骨远端陈旧性骨折并下尺桡关节脱位

目的探讨截骨延长、髂骨块植骨加锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端陈旧性骨折并下尺桡关节脱位的方法及疗效。方法对30例桡骨远端陈旧性骨折短缩畸形伴下尺桡关节脱位的患者行截骨延长加髂骨块植骨、桡骨远端锁定钢板内固定治疗。结果 30例均获得随访,时间12~15个月。患者腕关节前屈、后伸、尺偏、桡偏、旋前和旋后功能较术前均明显改善(P0.05),术后桡骨短缩、掌倾角及尺偏角与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。根据Garland-Werley功能评定:优21例,良5例,可2例,差2例,优良率86.7%。术后未出现桡骨高度丢失、内固定失败及骨不连等并发症。结论截骨延长、髂骨块植骨加锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端陈旧性骨折并下尺桡关节脱位有利于恢复腕关节的正常解剖结构,明显改善腕关节功能,减少创伤性关节炎的发生。     

盖氏骨折骨不连的治疗和再思考

目的探讨盖氏骨折骨不连的手术失败原因和再手术治疗方法.方法1997年4月～2003年4月收治的盖氏骨折骨不连23例,分析其失败原因,并重新植骨内固定,消除桡骨旋转、短缩及成角畸形,采用改良的尺骨远端切除术处理下尺桡关节再脱位8例,尺骨假关节成形术处理下尺桡关节再脱位15例.结果所有病例经12～24个月的随访,平均随访时间18.7个月.骨折均获得骨性愈合,X线愈合时间为17～33周(平均20.6周).腕部无明显畸形.腕关节功能按照Dienst功能评价标准评价优9例,良11例,可3例,优良率为87%.结论盖氏骨折和骨不连的治疗,必须消除桡骨旋转、短缩及成角畸形,早期宜旋后位固定下尺桡关节;用改良的尺骨远端切除术和尺骨假关节成形术处理陈旧性下尺桡关节再脱位,可取得满意疗效.     

盖氏骨折骨不连的治疗与再思考

目的探讨盖氏骨折骨不连的手术失败原因和再手术治疗方法。方法1997年4月～2003年4月收治的盖氏骨折骨不连23例,分析其失败原因,并重新植骨内固定,消除桡骨旋转、短缩及成角畸形。采用改良的尺骨远端切除术处理下尺桡关节再脱位8例,尺骨假关节成形术处理下尺桡关节再脱位15例。结果所有病例经12～24个月的随访,平均随访18.7个月。骨折均获得骨性愈合,X线愈合时间为17～33周(平均20.6周)。腕部无明显畸形。腕关节功能按照Dienst功能评价标准评价:优9例,良11例,可3例,优良率为87%。结论盖氏骨折骨不连的治疗,必须消除桡骨旋转、短缩及成角畸形,早期宜旋后位固定下尺桡关节;用改良的尺骨远端切除术和尺骨假关节成形术处理陈旧性下尺桡关节再脱位,可取得满意疗效。     

Essex-Lopresti损伤治疗

EssexLopresti损伤包括桡骨头骨折、尺桡远侧关节分离和骨间膜撕裂,导致前臂活动障碍和纵向不稳定。Essex-Lopresti损伤发病率极低,容易漏诊而未予处置,使患肢功能受损;治疗不充分也会使前臂急性不稳定变成更为复杂的陈旧性纵向不稳定。及时诊断有赖于对此类损伤的充分了解和详尽的物理、超声及放射线检查。急性期损伤治疗旨在防止桡骨向近侧移位,需要正确处理桡骨头骨折,避免桡骨头切除,修复三角纤维软骨复合体,损伤的骨间膜重建与否尚有争议;陈旧性损伤处理的中心环节是重建完整的稳定结构,恢复尺桡远侧关节高度,最终恢复前臂尺桡骨之间的正常关系,消除纵向不稳定,方法包括人工桡骨头置换、尺骨截骨短缩、骨间膜中央束重建和三角纤维软骨复合体修复。     

截骨延长联合髂骨植骨治疗桡骨远端陈旧性骨折合并下尺桡关节脱位

目的分析截骨延长联合髂骨植骨治疗桡骨远端陈旧性骨折合并下尺桡关节脱位的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-06—2019-12采用截骨延长联合髂骨植骨治疗的12例桡骨远端陈旧性骨折合并下尺桡关节脱位,比较术前及末次随访时疼痛VAS评分、Evans评分、掌倾角、尺偏角、掌曲角、背伸角、尺偏角、前臂旋前活动度、前臂旋后活动度。结果 12例均顺利完成手术并获得完整随访,随访时间19～44个月,平均27.4个月。12例术后切口均一期愈合,1例出现下尺桡关节背侧半脱位,1例拇长伸肌腱和示指伸肌腱自发性断裂。12例均获得骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间3～6个月,平均3.5个月。末次随访时患侧握力达到健侧的74.6%。末次随访时疼痛VAS评分较术前低,Evans评分较术前高,掌倾角、尺偏角、掌曲、背伸、尺偏和前臂旋前和旋后活动度较术前大,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论截骨延长联合髂骨植骨治疗桡骨远端陈旧性骨折合并下尺桡关节脱位是一种可行的手术方法,术后可获得满意的腕关节功能,但需要关注内固定物对腕关节伸肌腱的干扰。     

尺侧腕伸肌腱固定治疗桡尺远侧关节背侧半脱位的疗效

目的 介绍一种韧带再造的新方法治疗桡尺远侧关节背侧半脱位的疗效。方法 对3例患者,取尺侧腕伸肌腱的桡侧半腱条,自尺骨背侧骨孔突出,由桡骨掌侧骨孔穿入,再从桡骨骨侧骨孔穿出后拉紧,固定于尺骨上。结果 3例患者均取得了满意效果,术前的疼痛症状消失,关节半脱位已矫正,前臂旋转功能改善。结论 用尺侧腕伸肌腱固定治疗玩关节炎改变的桡尺远侧关节背侧半脱位简便有效。     

微型钢板加植骨治疗桡骨远端C2、C3型骨折31例体会

桡骨远端经关节面的粉碎性骨折,是目前治疗上的一个难题。手法复位,石膏外固定很难达到理想的复位,后遗畸形错位易导致桡骨短缩、关节面不平整,进而造成桡腕及桡尺关节创伤性关节炎。2000年6月起,我科对31例桡骨远端AO分类C型骨折,应用开放复位AO微型钢板内固定加植骨治疗,取得满意的疗效。临床资料1.一般资料:本组31例,均无合并伤。男20例,女11例,年龄16~74岁。左侧9例,右侧22例。按AO尺桡骨远端骨折的分类,C2型19例,C3型12例。开放性骨折5例,闭合性骨折26例;新鲜骨折29例,陈旧性骨折2例。2.方法:本组病例采用植骨加AO微型钢板内固定…     

Ilizarov骨延长术治疗尺桡骨短缩并腕关节畸形

[目的]总结Ilizarov骨延长术治疗尺桡骨短缩并腕关节畸形的临床经验,探讨该方法的临床疗效及注意事项。[方法]2011年5月~2016年7月,对12例尺桡骨短缩并腕关节畸形患者,应用Ilizarov环形外固定架固定结合尺骨或桡骨截骨,矫正弯曲畸形及关节脱位,同期行延长术进行治疗。[结果]所有患者尺桡骨弯曲、短缩及腕关节畸形均得到矫正,术后随访6~52个月,延长4~6.10 cm,平均5 cm。桡尺远侧关节稳定,截骨部位愈合良好,腕关节屈曲、背伸活动良好,旋转功能改善,手指活动良好,无不良并发症。[结论]Ilizarov骨延长术治疗尺桡骨短缩并腕关节畸形能够改善外观及功能,损伤小,并发症少,是一种较为可靠有效的方法。     

掌骨牵引配合切开复位内固定术治疗重度尺桡骨下段陈旧性骨折体会

笔者于2013年3月采用掌骨牵引配合切开复位内固定术治疗重度尺桡骨下段陈旧性骨折1例,报告如下。1病例报告患者,女,56岁,左尺桡骨开放性骨折合并腹部空腔脏器损伤,经外院普外科相关治疗1个月后转入本院骨科,X线片显示尺桡骨下段骨折向桡侧、掌侧成角,重叠4 cm,下尺桡关节脱位,前臂下段掌侧皮肤重度挫伤。于患肢第2、3掌骨下段通过电钻横穿1根2.5 mm克氏针,连接牵引弓后借助滑轮组     

阔筋膜重建环状韧带治疗陈旧性桡骨小头脱位的疗效评价

[目的] 评价阔筋膜重建环状韧带治疗陈旧性桡骨小头脱位的疗效.[方法] 回顾性研究了采用阔筋膜重建环状韧带治疗陈旧性桡骨小头脱位的24例患者,手术时年龄5-14岁,从受伤到接受手术治疗的时间间隔为6个月～5年,所有病例的治疗方法均应用阔筋膜替代环状韧带重建肱桡关节,术时并未行尺骨截骨,术后应用钢针固定肱桡关节.[结果] 获随访11例,随访时间5～7年,平均随访5年9个月.其中6例有不同程度的旋转功能受限.平均旋转受限69°,旋前平均受限33°,旋后平均受限36°.屈伸受限4例,其中伸直平均受限21°,屈曲受限不明显.半脱位2例,桡骨颈明显变细2例,肱桡关节钢针断裂4例.暂时性桡神经损伤1例.[结论] 大龄儿童13岁以上的桡骨小头脱位,脱位时间2年以上,应慎行阔筋膜重建环状韧带手术;取阔筋膜重建环状韧带,效果可靠,但增加了创伤.可考虑应用肱三头肌腱膜或前臂深筋膜替代环状韧带.     

Radial head fractures with acute distal radioulnar dislocation. Essex-Lopresti revisited

Seven adults with displaced radial head fractures had concurrent dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. Because support of the radius was lost at both the elbow and wrist, proximal migration of the radius from 5 to 10 mm occurred. Different types of fractures were classified to designate the best method of restoring radial length to prevent chronic wrist pain and stiffness. Type I fractures had large displaced radial head fragments with minimal or no comminution and amenable to interfragmentary fixation. Type II fractures had severe comminution requiring radial head excision and prosthetic replacement. Type III were old injuries with irreducible proximal migration of the radius managed by ulnar shortening and radial head prosthetic replacement. There were three Type I, two Type II, and two Type III fractures. Results of treatment were graded as 3, excellent; 2, good; 1, fair; and 1, poor. The three excellent results were in patients in which restoration of radial length was achieved within one week of injury. Suboptimal results occurred in the remaining four patients when definitive surgery was delayed four to ten weeks. The poor result was in a patient treated only by radial head excision and who refused further surgery. Recommendations include meticulous clinical and roentgenographic examination of the distal radioulnar joint in all patients with displaced radial head fractures. Preservation of the radial head with anatomic reduction and rigid internal fixation is preferred, but radial head replacement may be necessary in cases with extensive comminution. Radial head excision alone, though contraindicated, may be restructured by ulnar shortening and radial head prosthetic replacement.     

The importance of the distal radioulnar joint for reconstructive procedures in the malunited distal radius fracture

Clinically most patients complain about ulnar sided wrist pain and limited forearm rotation following malunited distal radius fractures. Possible bony reasons consist of intraarticular incongruency, malalignment of the sigmoid notch of the distal radius or the ulna-plus-situation at the wrist level. A persisting luxation of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) will present itself with complete loss of forearm rotation. The ligamentous or bony detachment of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) will lead to instability of the DRUJ. Uncorrected, each of these components will lead to arthrosis of the DRUJ. The presence of arthrosis only allows salvage procedures for the DRUJ and will lead to functional loss. Reconstructive options consist of radius correction osteotomy, ulnar shortening osteotomy, reposition of a luxation and refixation of the TFCC. To chose the necessary reconstructive procedure, the individual pathological situation has to be analysed.     

Ulnar styloid fractures associated with distal radius fractures: incidence and implications for distal radioulnar joint instability

Ulnar-sided injuries of the wrist have received more attention recently for their potential negative impact on the outcome of distal radius fractures. Radiographs and medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 166 distal radius fractures treated during a 1-year interval. Distal radius fractures were classified according to the AO system, and accompanying ulnar styloid fractures were evaluated for both size and displacement. Each distal radius fracture was also evaluated for radiographic and clinical evidence of distal radioulnar joint instability. The distribution of ulnar styloid fractures was not random; greater than one third involved the base. All distal radius fractures complicated by distal radioulnar joint instability were accompanied by an ulnar styloid fracture. A fracture at the ulnar styloid's base and significant displacement of an ulnar styloid fracture were found to increase the risk of distal radioulnar joint instability.     

桡骨远端骨折对下尺桡关节稳定性的影响

目的:分析桡骨远端骨折后腕部功能与下尺桡关节稳定性之间的关系,探讨桡骨远端骨折影响下尺桡关节稳定性的原因。方法:85例桡骨远端骨折患者,男27例,女58例;年龄17~74岁,平均42.3岁。采用手法复位石膏外固定治疗,伤后6~9个月(平均6.7个月)摄腕关节正侧位X线CR片,检查下尺桡关节稳定性,采用Sarmiento改良的Gartland-Werley评分系统(GW评分)对腕部进行功能评估。结果:85例获得6~9个月随访,平均6.7个月。19例有下尺桡关节不稳定。下尺桡关节不稳与放射学检查下尺桡关节情况之间无明显的联系。下尺桡关节不稳的患者GW评分平均为12.37±5.899,稳定的患者GW评分平均为6.85±4.222,差异有统计学意义。尺骨茎突是否骨折其GW评分差异无统计学意义。是否有尺骨茎突骨折其下尺桡关节不稳发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论:明显成角或短缩畸形的桡骨远端骨折损伤三角纤维软骨复合体可能是造成下尺桡关节不稳、影响腕部功能的主要原因。伴随桡骨远端骨折的尺骨茎突骨折对下尺桡关节稳定性无明显影响。     

不固定下尺桡关节治疗桡骨远端骨折合并下尺桡关节不稳定的病例对照研究

目的：探讨桡骨远端骨折合并下尺桡关节不稳的治疗方式。方法：2007年6月至2009年12月,采取切开复位内固定治疗不稳定型桡骨远端骨折264例,其中42例术中发现合并下尺桡关节不稳,20例采取克氏针固定下尺桡关节或旋后位石膏外固定治疗（固定组）,22例未行固定（非固定组）。术后对握力和腕关节活动范围进行观察;采用Sarmiento改良的Gaaland-WeAey评分系统（GW评分）对腕部功能进行评估,并测试下尺桡关节稳定性。结果：41例患者均获得1年以上随访,所有患者桡骨远端骨折均在术后3个月内获得愈合,下尺桡关节均对合良好,没有出现明显半脱位或脱位。两组患者的握力、腕关节活动范围及GW评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。l例发生远期下尺桡关节不稳。结论：对桡骨远端骨折合并下尺桡关节不稳定采用锁定钢板固定系统治疗桡骨远端骨折的同时,固定与不固定下尺桡关节临床效果无差异,因此对于合并下尺桡关节不稳的桡骨远端骨折,若桡骨远端骨折能获得满意的解剖复位,不推荐l期固定下尺桡关节。     

Corrective osteotomy for symptomatic increased ulnar tilt of the distal end of the radius

Twelve wrists in 10 patients with a mean age of 23.6 years were treated for symptomatic increased ulnar inclination of the joint surface with corrective osteotomy of the radius. Diagnoses included mild ulnar dysplasia, posttraumatic deformity, Madelung's disease, and multiple hereditary exostosis. All patients had radial-sided wrist pain and an ulnarly displaced arc of radioulnar deviation. Preoperative radiographs showed excessive ulnar inclination of the distal radius, ulnar carpal translation, adaptive carpal malalignment, and frequent distal radioulnar joint incongruency. The patients had decreased pain and improved wrist function at a mean of 5.1 years (range, 2-10 years) after surgery. Average radial deviation changed from 3 degrees to 16 degrees and ulnar deviation from 48 degrees to 29 degrees; flexion/extension and pronosupination remained unchanged. Realignment of the wrist was shown radiographically by a change of ulnar inclination of the radius from 33 degrees to 21 degrees, an increase in scaphoid height from 16.4 to 20.4 mm, and reversal of ulnar carpal translation as shown by an increase in lunate-covering ratio of 64% to 77%. Reduction of the ulnar inclination to normal values by corrective radial osteotomy restores a more physiologic range of motion, decreases symptomatic wrist pain, reverts adaptive carpal changes to normal, increases lunate coverage, and may prevent abnormal cartilage overload in the ulnar compartment of the wrist.     

Fractures and dislocations of the distal radioulnar joint

Fractures and dislocations of the distal radioulnar joint are frequently visualized as a secondary problem in comparison to the more apparent radius fractures. Frequently, in the long-term follow-up of patients with radius fractures, ulnar wrist pain secondary to distal radioulnar joint incongruity is the final outcome. Therefore, in the evaluation of the injured forearm the distal radioulnar joint must be assessed clinically and radiographically. In this assessment if distal radioulnar joint instability or incongruity is present then joint stabilization or reduction, respectively, must be attained.     

Ulnar shortening osteotomy for malunited distal radius fractures: results of a 7-year follow-up with special regard to the grade of radial displacement and post-operative ulnar variance

Introduction

The treatment of ulnar-sided wrist pain after malunited distal radius fractures remains controversial. Radial corrective osteotomy can restore congruity in the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) as well as adequate length of the radius. Ulnar shortening osteotomies leave the radius’ angular deformities unchanged, risking secondary DRUJ osteoarthritis. We supposed that, even within the widely accepted limit of 20°, a greater angulation of the radius in the sagittal plane correlates with a higher rate of DRUJ osteoarthritis. Furthermore, we suspected worse results from an ulna shortened to a negative rather than a neutral or positive ulnar variance.

Materials and methods

For this retrospective study, we reviewed 23 patients a mean 7.2 (range 5.6–8.5) years after ulnar shortening osteotomy for malunion of distal radius fractures. We compared 14 patients with up to 10° dorsal or palmar displacement from the normal palmar tilt of 10° to 9 patients with more than 10° displacement, and 15 patients whose post-operative ulnar variance was neutral or positive to 8 who had a negative one.

Results

Ulnar-sided wrist pain decreased enough to satisfy 21 of the 23 patients. Clinical results tended to be better when radial displacement was minor and when post-operative ulnar variance was positive or neutral. A shorter ulna significantly increased the rate of DRUJ osteoarthritis, whereas a greater degree of radial displacement only increased the rate slightly.

Conclusions

Radial corrective osteotomy should be discussed as alternative when displacement of the radius in the sagittal plane exceeds 10°. The ulna should be shortened moderately to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis in the distal radioulnar joint.     

An anatomic reconstruction of the distal radioulnar ligaments for posttraumatic distal radioulnar joint instability

Fourteen patients with posttraumatic distal radioulnar joint instability were treated with a reconstruction of the distal radioulnar ligaments. The technique is anatomically accurate, is reproducible, and requires less dissection than previously described techniques. Candidates for the procedure had joint instability and an irreparable triangular fibrocartilage complex. Ten patients had bidirectional instability. Two patients had a concurrent corrective osteotomy of the distal radius for a malunion. The procedure restored stability and relieved symptoms in 12 of 14 patients at 1 to 4 years' follow-up evaluation. One patient with a deficient sigmoid notch and one with ulnocarpal ligament injury did not achieve full stability. All patients attained near full pronation and supination. The procedure is an effective treatment for an unstable distal radioulnar joint when its articular surfaces are intact and the other wrist ligaments are functional, and it can be used in combination with a distal radius corrective osteotomy.     

Long-term follow-up of surgical correction of Madelung's deformity with conservation of the distal radioulnar joint in teenagers

Eleven wrists with painful Madelung deformity in seven patients were corrected during adolescence by a closing wedge osteotomy of the radius and a shortening osteotomy of the ulna, with conservation of the distal radioulnar joint. At late follow-up (9.7 years) function was considerably improved. When the ulnar head was correctly relocated during operation, a new distal radioulnar space developed. Shortening of the ulna must be generous and combined with slight flexion at the osteotomy.