吞异物自伤135例诊治分析

自伤行为是有意识地以某种方式伤害自己的身体。近年来因为自伤自残入院治疗的病例有增多趋势，多见于吸毒人员和犯罪嫌疑人或精神创伤和感情创伤者。其中以吞异物为主要的自伤手段占77．3％。处理此类患者涉及多学科、多专业的合作。本院自2004年1月至2006年12月共收治此类患者135例，在诊疗过程中不断积累经验，优化治疗程序取得良好疗效。     

院外发病的急性非结石性胆囊炎36例

急性非结石性胆囊炎（acute acalculous cholecystitis, AAC）是经影像学检查、手术及病理学检查均未发现结石的急性胆囊炎,病因复杂,发病急,变化快,病情重,死亡率高,近年来发病率有上升趋势[1]。既往AAC 多发生于住院患者,尤其是严重创伤、烧伤、败血症、大手术后和重症监护病房的患者[2]。近年来院外发病者逐渐增多,给早期诊断和治疗带来了新的困难[3]。2008年1月-2013年1月,我们共收治658例急性胆囊炎,其中AAC36例,现总结如下。     

蓝科肤宁药物面膜治疗儿童化妆品皮炎疗效观察

随者生活水平的提高,化妆品在儿童中的应用也逐渐增多,随之所致的儿童化妆品皮炎也有增多趋势。我科于2008年3月-2009年8月采用蓝科肤宁药物面膜（主要成分为纳米银及原花青素低聚体）,治疗儿童化妆品皮炎48例,取得满意效果,现将治疗结果报道如下。     

情绪调节策略对抑郁障碍青少年非自杀性自伤行为的影响

目的评价情绪调节策略对抑郁障碍青少年非自杀性自伤行为的干预效果。方法将有非自杀性自伤史的抑郁障碍青少年90例按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各45例。对照组按精神科常规护理实施安全性评估与管理,观察组以面对面形式进行以情绪调节策略为主导的短期住院干预,每周2次,每次1 h,共7次。结果观察组干预后3个月自伤频次、对身体最严重的伤害程度显著低于对照组,适应性认知情绪调节策略评分显著高于对照组,非适应性认知情绪调节策略评分显著低于对照组(均P<0.01)。结论以情绪调节策略为主导的短期住院干预有利于提升抑郁障碍青少年的认知情绪调节能力,减少自伤行为。     

青少年精神障碍患者非自杀性自伤体验的质性研究

目的 深入了解青少年精神障碍患者住院期间非自杀性自伤的心理感受,为制订针对性护理干预提供参考.方法 采用目的 抽样法选取住院期间发生非自杀性自伤行为的青少年精神障碍患者18例,对其进行半结构式访谈收集资料.采用Colaizzi 7步分析法提炼主题.结果 提炼出4个主题,即难以应对的负性情绪,受症状支配,自我矛盾心理,求...     

青少年非自杀性自伤体验质性研究的Meta整合

目的 系统评价有关青少年非自杀性自伤真实体验与感受的质性研究,为制定个性化干预方案提供参考,帮助青少年回归家庭与社会。方法 检索中英文数据库从建库到2023年6月1日有关青少年非自杀性自伤体验的质性研究,采用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心定性研究质量评价标准对纳入的研究进行评价,运用Meta整合方法进行结果整合。结果 共纳入13项研究,包含226名青少年,提炼42个研究结果,整合成11个新类别,最终归纳为3个整合结果：非自杀性自伤的导火索,非自杀性自伤多维度体验,对治疗与帮助的看法。结论 青少年非自杀性自伤的早期经历各异,身心体验复杂。应加强对青少年非自杀性自伤的重视,建立家庭-学校-医疗机构互助联络网,做到信息共享、早期预防、联合应对,促进青少年心理健康发展。     

武汉地区青少年颈椎与颈椎病相关症状流行病学调查

目的 了解武汉地区青少年颈椎生理异常与颈椎病相关症状流行现状、分布及危害程度,对调查结果进行分析研究并提出相应对策.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样法.对武汉地区8所小学、9所初中和9所高中或中专学校在校学生4681名进行颈椎健康状况抽样调查.结果 颈椎异常与颈椎病相关症状的发生随年龄的增长而增多或加重,且其相关症状发生率显著增加(P<0.01);小学、初中和高中不同学习阶段学生其发生率差异有统计学意叉(P<0.05,P<0.01);青少年颈椎病相关症状发生率不一.结论 青少年颈椎与颈椎病相关症状流行形势值得关注,已对青少年身心健康构成潜在性威胁,发病有上升趋势,应采取有效措施加以应对.     

老年人胆囊穿孔21例诊疗体会

随着我国人口老龄化加剧,老年人胆囊炎发病人数日益增多.因老年人机体敏感性差,免疫力低下,导致胆囊穿孔可能性增大.因此,老年胆囊炎穿孔率有升高趋势.胆囊穿孔是胆囊炎、胆囊结石的严重并发症,如诊疗不当可致严重后果.现取我院2000年3月至2008年3月收治的老年人胆囊穿孔21例,将其诊断及治疗体会报道如下.     

胸腔腹膜后联合入路治疗肾动脉上型腹主动脉瘤

近10年来,随着饮食结构的改变,动脉粥样硬化的患者逐渐增多,腹主动脉瘤(aorta aneurysm,AAA)的病例数在我院呈逐年增加的趋势.而肾动脉上型腹主动脉瘤(suprarenal aorta aneurysm,SRAA)的患者也较以前明显增多.SRAA如果非手术治疗,2年内患者发生死亡的可能性为76%[1].我院从2004年1月至2008年3月,采取主动脉置换的手术方式治疗SRAA患者6例,现报告如下.     

高龄结肠癌穿孔13例诊治体会

随着生活水平的不断提高,高龄结肠癌患者有增多的趋势, 高龄结肠癌穿孔作为其中的一种严重并发症,也有增多的趋势.1996年5月至2005年12月广东医学院附属医院胃肠外科收治70岁以上高龄结肠癌穿孔13例,现总结如下.     

腹腔镜辅助与开腹手术治疗原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤疗效比较

目的:分析并比较腹腔镜辅助与开腹手术治疗原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤(primary gastrointestinal lymphoma,PGIL)的短期及远期疗效。方法:收集2001年5月至2013年8月在我院行手术治疗的37例PGIL病人资料。其中腹腔镜组(LS组)22例,开腹组(OS组)15例。回顾性分析比较两组临床资料、手术相关资料、术后疗效及长期存活率等的差异。结果:37例中,胃淋巴瘤17例,小肠淋巴瘤15例,结肠直肠淋巴瘤5例。两组病人一般资料的比较及临床首要表现的差异无统计学意义;LS组的手术时间长于OS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);LS组的术中出血量少于OS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);淋巴结清扫数LS组多于OS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LS组在术后恢复方面均显著优于OS组,差异有统计学意义。两组对病人远期生存率的影响无统计学意义。病人远期生存率主要与病理分期相关。结论:腹腔镜辅助PGIL切除术治疗PGIL安全、有效,短期疗效优于开腹手术,远期疗效与开腹手术相似。     

Contemporary management and prognosis of great vessels trauma

BackgroundGreat vessel trauma (GVT), which is defined as trauma to the aorta or vena cava, remains one of the most challenging injuries to treat and has a high mortality rate despite advances in modern medicine. Additionally, the optimal management of GVT is controversial. In this study, we review the incidence, management, and outcome of GVT, identify the current status and prognostic factors of GVT, and compare treatment outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, single-center, cohort study of patients with GVT in a Level I trauma center from August 2008 to December 2013. We retrieved demographic data, physical and imaging findings, injury severity score (ISS), treatment choice, length of hospital stay, and mortality. We analyzed the risks of adverse outcomes and mortality.ResultsThe seventy-four patients in this cohort had a mean age of 41.6 (SD 17.7) years and a high mortality rate of 27%. The prognostic factors of survival with GVT included male gender, lower ISS, higher GCS, higher SBP and DBP and vena caval injuries. We also determined that vena caval injury is the main factor that can predict mortality.ConclusionIn conclusion, GVT is relatively rare but often lethal in clinical practice. Patient survival depends on injury severity and the shock status grade. Aggressive resuscitation and treatment play important roles in survival. The coordination of different levels of surgical expertise and the application of novel treatment methods are required to improve clinical outcomes for patients with vena caval injuries.     

Determination of a safe INR for joint injections in patients taking warfarin

Introduction

With an increase in life expectancy in ‘developed’ countries, the number of elderly patients receiving joint injections for arthritis is increasing. There are legitimate concerns about an increased risk of thromboembolism if anticoagulation is stopped or reversed for such an injection. Despite being a common dilemma, the literature on this issue is scarce.

Methods

We undertook 2,084 joint injections of the knee and shoulder in 1,714 patients between August 2008 and December 2013. Within this cohort, we noted 41 patients who were taking warfarin and followed them immediately after joint injection in the clinic or radiology department, looking carefully for complications. Then, we sought clinical follow-up, correspondence, and imaging evidence for 4 weeks, looking for complications from these joint injections. We recorded International Normalised Ratio (INR) values before injection.

Results

No complications were associated with the procedure after any joint injection. The radiologists who undertook ultrasound-guided injections to shoulders re-scanned the joints looking for haemarthroses: they found none. A similar outcome was noted clinically after injections in the outpatient setting.

Conclusion

With a mean INR of 2.77 (range, 1.7–5.5) and a maximum INR within this group of 5.5, joint injections to the shoulder and knee can be undertaken safely in primary or secondary care settings despite the patient taking warfarin.     

阿仑膦酸钠联合骨肽治疗骨质疏松症患者的临床效果

目的分析骨质疏松症患者使用阿仑膦酸钠联合骨肽注射液治疗的临床效果和影响。方法将我院2013年5月-2015年8月收治的500例骨质疏松症患者作为分析对象,按照随机分组方式分成对照组和试验组各250例,对照组患者采取阿仑膦酸钠治疗骨质疏松症,而试验组患者在对照组基础之上联合骨肽注射液治疗骨质疏松症,对比两组患者的临床治疗总有效率、治疗前后股骨密度的改善情况和临床不良反应率。结果对照组患者的临床治疗总有效率(72.0%)明显低于试验组(96.80%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组患者在治疗后骨密度情况明显优于对照组;试验组患者的临床不良反应率(6.80%)明显优于对照组(40.0%),组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论骨质疏松症患者使用阿仑膦酸钠联合骨肽注射液治疗的临床效果良好,可以有效提高患者的骨密度。     

先天性梅毒并发巨细胞病毒感染患儿的临床特征

目的分析先天性梅毒并发巨细胞病毒感染患儿的临床特征。 方法收集自2013年8月至2017年3月于首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院儿科住院的先天性梅毒患儿共128例,根据是否合并巨细胞病毒感染分为单纯先天性梅毒组（113例）和合并巨细胞病毒感染梅毒组（15例）。比较两组患儿的一般临床资料、有无肝脾肿大、肝功能损伤严重程度及持续时间、有无血液系统受累及肺部病变。 结果两组患儿年龄和性别等一般临床资料差异无统计学意义（P均> 0.05）。15例并发巨细胞病毒感染的患儿中,2～12周者9例（60.0%）,与常见巨细胞病毒感染年龄相符。113例单纯梅毒患儿中肝功能损伤者56例（49.6%）,15例合并巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染的梅毒患儿中伴肝功能损伤者12例（80%）。单纯梅毒感染组与合并巨细胞病毒感染组患儿的血红蛋白（HGB）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和总胆汁酸（TBA）水平差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）;而两组患儿肺部病变、有无肝脾肿大、血小板减低（PLT）、总胆红素（TBil）、接胆红素（DBil）升高以及白蛋白（ALB）降低水平等差异无统计学意义（P均> 0.05）。 结论合并巨细胞病毒感染的先天性梅毒患儿肝功能损伤及血液系统病变更严重,应早期诊断、早期治疗。     

腹腔神经丛毁损术治疗晚期胰头癌疼痛

目的介绍腹腔神经丛毁损术治疗晚期胰头癌疼痛的方法,并探讨其效果。方法将2002年5月至2008年5月成都军区总医院收治的晚期胰头癌病人90例,按年龄、病种及病情基本接近的原则分为两组:腹腔神经丛毁损组(46例)和非毁损组(44例)。两组均行姑息减黄处理;毁损组在术中或在B型超声、CT引导下行腹腔神经丛穿刺,注入无水酒精20ml。观察两组病人术后并发症发生情况、疼痛缓解率、复发率及综合评价其临床受益反应。结果毁损组46例手术无穿刺失败,成功率100%;无严重并发症;疼痛评分(VAS)与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);疼痛完全缓解率71.9%,部分缓解率21.9%,无效6.2%;疼痛复发率仅13.3%;临床受益反应情况较非毁损组明显增强(P0.05)。结论腹腔神经丛毁损术具有很高的安全性,能显著减轻胰腺癌性疼痛,并提高病人生存质量。     

Self-injury in incarcerated juvenile females: contributions of mental health and traumatic experiences

Despite evidence supporting a connection between child maltreatment and self-injury, there is disagreement regarding a particular connection to sexual abuse because types of trauma exposure often co-occur. To examine these associations efficiently, we considered a sample of incarcerated juvenile females, where rates of both trauma exposure and self-injury would be expected to be elevated. Adolescent females (N = 220) reported on history of self-injurious behavior on the Voiced Index of Self-injurious Actions, as well as psychiatric disorder. A common set of features was associated with cutting and with self-injury in general. Both were more likely in those initiating delinquent activities when younger and in those currently meeting criteria for major depressive disorder, or with a previous suicide attempt. Adjusting for those features, report of self-injury was approximately doubled among those disclosing prior traumatic exposure that was sexual, OR = 2.66, 95% CI [1.38, 5.15], or nonsexual, OR = 2.18, 95% CI [1.17, 4.04]. Exposure to early traumatic events, such as child maltreatment, likely contributes to a set of adverse experiences, including delinquent activity, mood disorder, and self-injury. Findings contribute to work demonstrating the importance of dissociation both as a consequence of victimization and as a key feature underlying self-injurious behavior.     

Elimination of preoperative mechanical bowel preparation in patients undergoing cystectomy and urinary diversion

IntroductionThe utility of a preoperative mechanical bowel preparation prior to bowel surgery has recently been questioned. The purpose of this study is to compare the perioperative outcomes between patients undergoing cystectomy with urinary diversion with or without preoperative mechanical bowel preparation.MethodsSeventy patients underwent radical cystectomy and urinary diversion between May 2008 and August 2009 for bladder cancer. The first cohort of patients (n = 37) underwent cystectomy and diversion during the period May 2008–December 2008 and underwent a preoperative mechanical bowel preparation including a clear liquid diet, magnesium citrate solution, and an enema before surgery. The second cohort of patients underwent surgery during the period of January 2009–August 2009 (n=33). These patients were given a regular diet before surgery and did not undergo a mechanical bowel preparation except for the enema before surgery was performed to decrease rectal/colonic distention. Outcome measures included gastrointestinal and overall complications, and perioperative outcomes including recovery of bowel function.ResultsThere were no differences with regard to recovery of bowel function, time to discharge, or overall complication rates between the 2 groups. More specifically, the rate of GI complications was not different in prepped patients vs. nonprepped patients (22% vs. 15%; P = 0.494). There were no occurrences of bowel anastomotic leak, fistula, abscess, peritonitis, or surgical site infection in either group. One perioperative death occurred in the nonprepped group secondary to cardiovascular complications.ConclusionsPreoperative mechanical bowel preparation prior to radical cystectomy with urinary diversion does not demonstrate any significant advantage in perioperative outcomes, including gastrointestinal complications. Further studies aimed at measuring patient satisfaction and larger randomized trials will be beneficial in evaluating the role of mechanical bowel preparation prior to urinary diversion.     

肩胛骨骨折与其合并伤关系的探讨

目的 分析115例肩胛骨骨折病例的临床资料,探讨肩胛骨骨折粉碎程度和涉及部位与合并伤之间的关系.方法 回顾性分析2006年8月至2008年3月115例肩胛骨骨折患者的病史及其影像学资料,分为单部分骨折组(83例)和多部分骨折组(32例),比较两组合并伤的发生率及特点.将单部分肩胛骨骨折组按Nordqvist与Petersson方法分成3组:肌肉覆盖部分(64例)、骨突起部分(11例)及肩胛盂部分(8例),并比较3组合并伤的发生率及特点.结果 绝大部分肩胛骨骨折是严重多发伤的一部分,致伤原因与高能量损伤有关.最常见的致伤原因是车祸伤(70.4%).损伤严重程度评分值(injury severity Scale,ISS)平均14.0,42例(36.5%)患者ISS>16.98例(85.2%)患者伴有不同程度和类型的合并伤,其中又以胸部合并伤的发生率最高(85/115,73.9%).多部分肩胛骨骨折组胸部简明损伤定级法评分值(abbreviated injury score,AIS)和总体ISS值均高于单部分肩胛骨骨折组.在单部分肩胛骨骨折组中,肌肉覆盖部骨折组较骨突起部和肩胛盂部骨折组的胸部AIS值和总体ISS值更高.结论 肩胛骨骨折尤其是骨折涉及多部分或肌肉覆盖部时更容易并发严重的胸部损伤.多部分肩胛骨骨折致伤原因多为高能量损伤,常伴发严重的胸部合并伤,可作为胸部严重损伤存在的一项骨性指标.     

Soluble Adhesion Molecules During Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion Are Associated With Posttransplant Primary Graft Dysfunction

Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) enables assessment of marginal donor lungs for transplantation. We aimed to discover biomarkers in EVLP perfusate that could predict development of primary graft dysfunction (PGD). From September 2008 to August 2013, 100 clinical EVLPs were performed. Eleven patients developed PGD grade 3 within 72 h after transplant. The non‐PGD group consisted of 34 patients without PGD grade 3. Nonbilateral lung transplants or transplant after extracorporeal life support were excluded from analyses. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM‐1), soluble VCAM‐1 (sVCAM‐1), and soluble E selectin (sE‐selectin) levels, as markers of endothelial activation, were measured in the perfusate of EVLP by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and were correlated with clinical outcome. Levels of sICAM‐1 at 1 h and sVCAM‐1 at 1 and 4 h were significantly higher in the PGD group compared with the non‐PGD group. The sE selectin levels were not statistically different between the study groups. Higher levels of sVCAM‐1 at 1 and 4 h were statistically significantly associated with PGD either alone or after adjustment for other PGD risk factors. These adhesion molecules may help identify donor lungs at higher risk of PGD during EVLP.