加替沙星治疗急性细菌性呼吸道和泌尿道感染的有效性与安全性评价

目的评价国产加替沙星治疗急性细菌性呼吸道和泌尿道感染的有效性与安全性。方法采用随机、双盲双模拟、平行对照研究,用加替沙星(治疗组)与左氧沙星(对照组)(均为每次200mg口服,每12h给药1次,疗程5~14d)治疗急性细菌性呼吸道和泌尿道感染。实际入组51例,揭盲后显示,治疗组25例,对照组26例。结果加替沙星和左氧沙星治疗急性细菌性呼吸道和泌尿道感染临床有效率分别为100%(25/25)和96.2%(25/26),2组细菌清除率分别为94.4%(17/18)和89.5%(17/19),不良反应发生率分别为0与3.8%,上述结果经2组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论加替沙星对临床常见的敏感细菌引起的呼吸道、泌尿道感染是安全、有效的抗菌药物。     

加替沙星序贯给药治疗下呼吸道细菌性感染

目的 :评价加替 (Gatifloxacin)沙星先静脉、后口服序贯给药治疗社区获得性肺炎 (CAP)为主的下呼吸道感染的疗效与安全性。　方法 :采用随机对照盲法平行试验设计 ,入选并完成病例 5 2例 ,其中CAP 5 1例 ,慢性支气管炎急性发作 (AECB) 1例。试验组 (2 6例 )给予加替沙星注射液 4 0 0mg ,每天 1次静脉滴注 ,共 3～ 5天 ,继以加替沙星片 4 0 0mg ,每天 1次口服 ;对照组 (2 6例 )给予左旋氧氟沙星注射液 4 0 0mg/d ,分 2次静脉滴注 ,共 3～ 5天 ,继续以每天左旋氧氟沙星片 4 0 0mg/d ,分 2次服用 ,总疗程均为 7～ 1 4天。　 结果 :试验组和对照组临床可评价的病例均为 2 6例 ,有效率分别为 1 0 0 % (2 6 /2 6 )和 96 .2 % (2 5 /2 6 )。痊愈率分别为 76 .9% (2 0 /2 6 )和 6 5 .4 % (1 7/2 6 ) ,差异均不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。试验组和对照组可作细菌学评价病例分别为 1 8例和 1 9例 ,细菌清除率分别为 94 .4 %(1 7/1 8)和 6 8.4 % (1 3/1 9) (P >0 .0 5 )。试验组和对照组不良反应发生率分别为 30 .8% (8/2 6 )和 1 1 .5 % (3/6 ) ,(P>0 .0 5 )。实验室检查异常发生率各为 4 2 .3% (1 2 /2 6 )和 2 6 .9% (7/2 6 ) (P >0 .0 5 ) ,均系轻度 ,并呈一过性 ,无需处理。　结论 :本研究结果显示 ,加替沙星静脉口服     

乳酸加替沙星治疗急性细菌性呼吸道和泌尿道感染的有效性与安全性评价

目的:评价乳酸加替沙星治疗急性细菌性呼吸道和泌尿道感染的有效性与安全性。方法:实际入组病例240例,治疗组120例,对照组120例。采用随机、双盲、平行对照研究,用乳酸加替沙星(治疗组)与加替沙星(对照组)静脉滴注均为400mg/次,每日1次,疗程7~14 d,治疗急性细菌性呼吸道和泌尿道感染。结果:乳酸加替沙星和加替沙星治疗急性细菌性呼吸道和泌尿道感染临床有效率分别为93.2%(109/117)和92.9%(105/113),2组细菌清除率分别为95.8%和93.3%,不良反应发生率分别为10.0%与7.6%。上述结果经2组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论:乳酸加替沙星对临床常见的敏感细菌引起的呼吸道、泌尿道感染是安全、有效的抗菌药物。     

甲磺酸加替沙星片和盐酸环丙沙星片随机对照治疗急性细菌感染

目的 :评价甲磺酸加替沙星治疗急性细菌感染的有效性和安全性 .方法 :采用随机对照单盲临床试验的方法 ,完成实验药及对照药治疗急性细菌感染的临床试验 .结果 :甲磺酸加替沙星组与盐酸环丙沙星组的痊愈率分别为 78%(4 3/ 5 5 )和 72 % (38/ 5 3) ;有效率分别为 82 % (4 5 / 5 5 )和 77%(4 1 / 5 3) ,两组痊愈率和有效率无统计学显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) .结论 :甲磺酸加替沙星对急性细菌感染有很好的临床疗效和微生物学效果 ,耐受性和安全性好 ,不失为敏感菌感染可选药物 .     

施复捷治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸道感染110例临床及细菌学疗效分析

目的 :观察施复捷 (头孢丙烯 )治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病 ( COPD)并发轻、中度呼吸道感染的临床疗效。方法 :对 1 1 0例 COPD并发呼吸道感染者采用施复捷片 1 .0 g/d,分 2次口服 ,并与对照组 1 1 0例采用罗红霉素 0 .3g/d,分 2次口服的 COPD并发呼吸道感染者对比。两组疗程均为 7～ 1 4d。结果 :治疗组临床总有效率 91 .8% ,而对照组有效率为 61 .8%。两组比较有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 5 )。治疗组 1 1 0例 ,细菌培养阳性 5 6例 ,总阳性率 5 0 .9% ( 5 6/1 1 0 ) ,治疗后细菌阴转率 91 .1 % ( 5 1 /5 6) ;对照组 1 1 0例 ,细菌培养阳性 5 5例 ,总阳性率 5 0 .0 % ( 5 5 /1 1 0 ) ,治疗后细菌阴转率 5 0 .9% ( 2 8/5 5 )。两组治疗后病原体阴转率比较有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 5 )。对 COPD并发呼吸道感染常见的 3种细菌肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉菌的敏感率分别为 70 .0 %、76.9%、87.5 % ,细菌清除率为 90 .0 %、1 0 0 %、92 .3%。结论 :施复捷是治疗 COPD并发呼吸道感染的有效药物     

加替沙星治疗肺部感染效果观察

目的评价加替沙星序贯治疗急性下呼吸道细菌感染的的临床疗效与安全性。方法采用随机对照法,经临床确诊的急性下呼吸道感染患者共69例,其中加替沙星组35例,给予加替沙星注射液400mg,每日1次静脉滴注,共3～5日,继续以每日加替沙星片400mg,口服每日1次;头孢曲松 红霉素组34例,给予头孢曲松1g,静脉滴注每日1次,红霉素注射液2g静滴,每日2次,总疗程均为7～14天。结果加替沙星组和头孢曲松 红霉素组痊愈率分别为82.8%和76.5%,有效率分别为94.2%和90.2%,两组细菌清除率分别为89.3%和84.0%,两组间临床疗效和细菌学疗效差异无统计学意义,两组的不良反应发生率分别为14.3%.和20.6%。结论加替沙星静脉口服序贯给药治疗下呼吸道感染安全有效。     

左氧氟沙星治疗下呼吸道感染64例临床及病原学分析

目的 :观察左氧氟沙星治疗下呼吸道感染的临床疗效。方法 :对 6 4例下呼吸道感染患者采用左氧氟沙星 0 .4g/d,分 2次静脉滴注 ,并与对照组 6 4例采用环丙沙星 0 .4g/d,分 2次静脉滴注的下呼吸道感染患者对比。两组疗程均为 7～ 1 4d。结果 :治疗组临床总有效率为 93 .8%,而对照组有效率为 6 5 .6 %,两组比较有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。治疗组 6 4例中肺炎支原体阳性 9例 ,细菌培养阳性 5 1例 ,总阳性率 93 .8%(6 0 /6 4 ) ,治疗后肺炎支原体阴转 9例 ,细菌阴转 45例 ,总阴转率 90 .0 %(5 4 /6 0 ) ;对照组 6 4例中肺炎支原体阳性 8例 ,细菌培养阳性 5 1例 ,总阳性率 92 .2 %(5 9/6 4 ) ,治疗后肺炎支原体阴转 3例 ,细菌阴转3 2例 ,总阴转率 5 9.3 %(3 5 /5 9)。两组治疗后病原菌阴转率比较有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :左氧氟沙星治疗下呼吸道感染疗效优于环丙沙星。     

甲磺酸加替沙星葡萄糖注射液治疗急性细菌性感染48例

目的 :观察甲磺酸加替沙星葡萄糖注射液治疗急性细菌性感染的有效性及安全性 .方法 :呼吸道或泌尿道急性细菌性感染的门诊或住院患者 4 8例 ,采用随机盲法对照试验 ,接受试验药甲磺酸加替沙星葡萄糖注射液或对照药盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液 2 0 0mg ,bid ,静脉滴注 ,疗程 7～ 1 4d ,评价其疗效和不良反应 .结果 :甲磺酸加替沙星葡萄糖注射液的临床有效率、细菌清除率、细菌敏感率和不良反应发生率分别为 90 .9% ,94 .7% ,1 0 0 .0 % ,1 3.6 % ;盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液为 88.5 % ,95 .4 % ,1 0 0 .0 % ,1 9.2 % .两组有效性和安全性结果经统计学分析均无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) .结论 :甲磺酸加替沙星葡萄糖注射液对一般敏感菌所致的感染具有较好的临床疗效和安全性     

加替沙星治疗急性下呼吸道感染的临床评价

目的：采用病例对照研究的方法评价加替沙星的治疗急性下呼吸道感染的临床疗效和安全性。方法：经临床确诊为急性下呼吸道感染的患者108例，随机分为治疗组和对照组，其中治疗组56例，口服加替沙星0．4g，每日1次；对照组口服环丙沙星0．2g，每日2次，疗程均为7－14d，所有病例治疗结束后随访7d，结果：治疗组和对照组的痊愈率分别为89．29％（50／56）和73．08％（38／52），有效率分别为98．21％（55／56）和80．77％（42／52），两组细菌清除率分别为100％（57／57）和82．61％（38／46），两组间临床和细菌学疗效有显著性差异（均P＜0．05），治疗组和对照组不良事件发生率分别为10．71％（6／56）和7．69％（4／52）（P＞0．05），且均为消化道反应。结合：加替沙星抗菌谱广，抗菌活性强，能安全有效地治疗急性下呼吸道感染。     

加替沙星治疗慢性支气管炎细菌感染急性发作的疗效观察

目的观察加替沙星短疗程治疗慢性支气管炎细菌感染急性发作（ABECB）的临床疗效。方法将74例ABECB住院患者采用随机盲法对照试验分为两组,治疗组用加替沙星胶囊200mg,口服,每天3次,治疗5d;对照组用环丙沙星片250mg,口服,每天3次,治疗5d。观察临床指标、细菌学、临床疗效及安全性。结果治疗组与对照组的有效率分别为91．9％和78．4％,细菌清除率为89．2％和75．7％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论加替沙星对急性细菌感染有很好的临床疗效和微生物学效果,耐受性和安全性好,不失为抗敏感菌感染可选药物,在短疗程内治疗慢性支气管炎急性细菌感染加重的疗效显著,是一种广谱、安全的抗菌药物。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.