A method of quantitative analysis of bendiocarb in the air of the work area

Proposed was a highly sensitive technique for a quantitative assessment of the newly developed insecticide bendiocarb++ in the working zone air (0.1 hg in the given air sample, or 0.025 mg/m3). The technique was tested in toxicological studies of bendiocarb++ contents in the working zone air.     

Survey of 222Rn concentrations in the air of a tunnel located in Nagano City using the solid-state nuclear track detector method.

The survey of 222Rn concentration in the air of tunnels constructed during World War II has been performed using a solid-state nuclear track detector technique. For the practical application of this technique to the determination of 222Rn concentrations in air, some basic properties were experimentally examined on the cellulose nitrate film, Kodak LR 115 type II. The calibration coefficient of the cellulose nitrate film used is determined from a correlation between the 222Rn concentration in air and the observed number of perforated etched tracks for widespread radon concentrations. The slope of the linear relationship observed yields a calibration coefficient of (0.00209 +/- 0.00018) tracks cm(-2) (Bq m(-3) h)(-1). From the survey of 222Rn concentration in the air of tunnels, the concentration of several thousand Bq m(-3) was observed at the inner most area of the tunnel, and the seasonal variation was clearly observed. The exponential distribution of radon concentration as a function of distance from the openings of the tunnel suggests that the radon concentration in the tunnel is basically governed by diffusion and mixing of radon gas with air.     

A gas-chromatographic method of analysis of monochloroacetic acid and its sodium salt in the air, skin washings, protective clothing extracts and urine]

The author sets forth a gas chromatographic technique for the detection of monochloracetic acid (MCAA) and its sodium salts in the air, in skin washings, overalls extracts, and urine. The substances were identified as propyl ether. The analysis was performed on a chromatograph supplied with a plasma-ionizing detector on a 2 m-long glass column, with the chromatrone N-AW-DMCS. The detection capacity in the sample was 0.005 microgram/microliter, in the air for MCAA - 0.5 mg/m3, for MCAA sodium salt - 0.25 mg/m3. Standard deviation did not exceed 0.16. The technique was tested in industrial conditions.     

蚕豆根尖细胞微核测定技术监测室内空气污染的探讨

[目的 ]　探讨利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核测定技术监测室内空气污染的可行性。　 [方法 ]　观察不同浓度香烟烟气在实验室密闭条件和现场综合因素作用下 ,蚕豆根尖细胞微核率变化情况。　 [结果 ]　在实验室密闭条件下 ,不同浓度的香烟、煤气 (以一氧化碳为浓度指标 )对蚕豆微核的影响 ,低剂量 (12 .5mg/m3 )组与对照组差异无显著性 ,中剂量 (2 5 .0mg/m3 ) ,高剂量 (37.5mg/m3 )组微核率差异有显著性 ;现场实验中 ,蚕豆根尖细胞微核率随现场环境中一氧化碳、甲醛等污染物浓度的不同差异有显著性。　 [结论 ]　蚕豆根尖细胞微核测定技术作为一种生物监测技术运用于室内场所的空气污染监测 ,具有简便 ,经济快速的特点 ,可以直接反映空气污染对生物的影响 ,同时比单一指标测定更能反映空气污染 (尤其是室内香烟烟气 )的综合效应 ,可以解决当前室内空气污染评价指标单一的状况 ,值得推广。     

Photometric analysis of sodium and cesium iodides in the air of the work area]

The contributors propose a photometric technique for detecting sodium and caesium iodides in the working zone air. The technique is based on the oxidation of I-ions with bromine water, interacting of the educed iodine and redundant potassium iodide with concomitant formation of complex I3- ions, followed by 350-365 mm photometric measurements of the product. Air sample taking is performed by condensating on AFA--VP filtres. The lower limit of I-ions content measurements is 5 micrograms. The measurement range for sodium and caesium iodides is 0.2-50 mg/m3. Data is provided for the reproduction of the technique which can be used both in special laboratory and industrial conditions.     

Gas-chromatographic analysis of dichloropinacoline in the air of the work area and water]

The article narrates on newly developed techniques for the detection of dichlorpinacolin (DCP) in the working zone air. The study was performed on the chromatograph 'Tsvet 164' equipped with a detector of recombination stability (RCS), using Interton-Super as absorbent with phases SE-30.3% (1), OV-17.3% (II), and Carbowax 1500, 5% (III). The lower threshold for determining DCP in the sample volume was 0.001 mkg, in the air--2.5 mu/m3, and in the water--0.025 m/l. The concentration range in the air: 2.5-40.0 mu/m3 (I,III), 2.5-30 mu/m3 (II); in the water: 0.025-0.4 mu/l (I, III) and 0.025-0.3 mu/l (II). Quantitative assessments were performed through the absolute calibrating technique.     

Liquid/air partition coefficients of four terpenes

The liquid/air partition coefficients of four common terpenes, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, 3-carene, and limonene, have been determined in vitro using head space technique. The liquids used were water, human blood, and olive oil. alpha-Pinene, beta-pinene, and 3-carene were practically insoluble in water and limonene was slightly soluble; all were readily dissolved in olive oil. The oil/air partition coefficients ranged from 2900 to 5700 in the order alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, 3-carene, and limonene. The blood/air partition coefficients ranged from 15 to 42 in the same order as for oil/air.     

Liquid/air partition coefficients of four terpenes.

The liquid/air partition coefficients of four common terpenes, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, 3-carene, and limonene, have been determined in vitro using head space technique. The liquids used were water, human blood, and olive oil. alpha-Pinene, beta-pinene, and 3-carene were practically insoluble in water and limonene was slightly soluble; all were readily dissolved in olive oil. The oil/air partition coefficients ranged from 2900 to 5700 in the order alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, 3-carene, and limonene. The blood/air partition coefficients ranged from 15 to 42 in the same order as for oil/air.     

Presence of viable mould propagules in the indoor air of houses

The aim of the first part of this study was to select the optimal technique for the enumeration and identification of viable mould propagules in the indoor air of houses. A comparison was made between the results obtained with six commercially available air sampling devices in combination with four culture media. The optimal technique was defined as the technique with the best precision and the highest yield. The coefficients of variation were high (generally greater than 20%) for all combinations. Statistical analysis showed that the Slit sampler and the N6-Andersen sampler in combination with DG18 and MEA gave the best precision and the highest yield in terms of CFU/m3 and number of species isolated. In the second part of this study the presence of viable mould propagules in the indoor air of 46 houses in relation to the dampness of these houses was investigated, using the N6-Andersen sampler in combination with DG18. To assess the variability in time, the measurements were repeated after five weeks. Overall, between the two periods no difference was found between the average number of CFU/m3 in the investigated homes. However, the variation between homes was much smaller than the variation within homes. The mean number of CFU/m3 was somewhat higher in "damp" houses than in "dry" houses. However, this difference was not significant. Furthermore, there were no demonstrable differences in the presence of specific mould species in "damp" and "dry" houses.     

空气中正己烷、丙酮、丁酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯的气相色谱同时测定法

目的建立工作场所空气中正己烷、丙酮、丁酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯同时测定的热解吸气相色谱方法。方法按照《工作场所空气中有毒物质检测方法研究规范》的要求进行实验室实验及现场实验。结果该方法的重现性好,平均相对标准偏差在4．9％以内;方法的最低检测浓度均在2．4mg／m^3以内;热解吸效率均在80％以上;空气中正己烷、丙酮、丁酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯等在该方法条件下可同时分别测定。结论该方法各项指标均达到《工作场所空气中有毒物质检测方法研究规范》的要求,适用于工作场所空气中正己烷、丙酮、丁酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯的同时现场监测。     

Determination of dicumyl peroxide in workplace air

A method for the determination of dicumyl peroxide in workplace air was developed and applied. Micro-impinger bottles and personal air sampling pumps were used for the sampling. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for the analytical separation and quantitative determination. The technique makes it possible to monitor peroxide concentrations down to 5 micro g/m(3) in air.     

Selective method of gas chromatographic determination of higher mercaptans in the air

The contributors propose a new highly effective gas chromatographic technique of dodecyl mercaptan (both normal and tertiary) measurements in the working zone air with a plasma-photometric detector by changing the detecting parameters. The optimal temperature regime is proposed, along with the conditions for sample taking in the working zone area. The new technique is capable of detecting the microquantities of normal and tertiary dodecyl mercaptan in the air in combination with other chemical substances.     

Air pollution by 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene in mines using self-propelled equipment with diesel motors

The study was designed to analyse air pollution by 3,4-benz(a)pyrene released together with exhaust gases in 3 underground mines where self-propelled machines with diesel engines are used. Concentration levels for 3,4-BP have been identified in air, dust, sweeping away and scraping off the walls of the mine working surface. It is demonstrated that in a great number of samples 3,4-BP concentration exceeds MAC. A technique for 3,4-BP air sampling and analysis has been studied by means of liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Hygienic recommendations on decreasing 3,4-BP release into the mine air are set forth.     

Gas chromatographic detection of sebacic acid in the air

The study described the technique for gas chromatographic identification of sebacic acid in the work zone air in the form of diethyl ether produced due to sebacic acid etherification by absolute ethyl alcohol in the presence of 0.3 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid during heating up to 70 degrees C for 15 min. 1 ml of decane extract of diethyl ether was analyzed by means of gas chromatograph on the column of Im X 0.3 cm, filled with chromosorbe. When sampling 40 l of air the range of measured concentration constituted 2-20 mg/m3. Relative standard variation didn't exceed 0.032.     

Characterizing the confluence of air pollution risks in the United States

The US National Research Council in 2004 recommended that the US Environmental Protection Agency “strive to take an integrated multipollutant approach to controlling emissions of pollutants that pose the most significant risks.” Several urban pilot studies have since explored the merits and feasibility of this technique. These studies found that such policies can achieve this policy goal but will confront both legal constraints and data limitations. The Clean Air Act prescribes certain requirements for air quality polices reducing common (or “criteria”) air pollutants including ground-level ozone and fine particles that differ from those affecting toxic air pollutants such as benzene; due in part to these requirements, policy makers have traditionally designed programs to characterize and mitigate risk on a pollutant-by-pollutant basis. Multipollutant policies are also greatly constrained by the emissions, air quality, and health data available to identify opportunities for reducing population risks across air pollutants. We introduce a novel approach to identify the confluence of particulate matter 2.5 μm and smaller (PM_2.5), ozone, and toxic air pollutant risk throughout the USA. We account for the federal statutes governing air pollution policy targeting these pollutants and address differences in the health data used to characterize the risks of these pollutants. We demonstrate a proof-of-concept technique for identifying areas of the USA where there may be a confluence of these risks. We argue that planners could use this approach as a resource as they achieve the goals identified by the National Research Council in 2004.     

The chemical composition of African haze

The LAMMA technique (Laser Microprobe Mass Analyzer) is a valuable and powerful technique for the analysis and characterization of particulate air pollutants. At seven sites in Zimbabwe, Africa, dust particles were collected and 200 single particles were analyzed for each sampling point. The main chemical species present in the particles are Na+, K+, Cl, NO3+ and SO4(2-). Beside these, soot particles, containing carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were found. Biomass burning was identified as the major source of the dust particles what is in accordance with the assumed air quality for our sampling period.     

A method for the collection and determination of phenol and bisphenol A in air

An analytical method has been developed for the determination of phenol and bisphenol A in air. Air samples are concentrated on commercial silica by the well established tube-pump method. The trapped components are desorbed and analyzed by HPLC using UV detection at 275 nm. The method has been validated for a concentration range of 0.5-50 mg m-3 (based on a 10-l air sample) for both compounds. Linearity of response, adsorption/desorption efficiency, influence of humidity on sample collection and influence of temperature and time on storage of collected samples were studied. The reported technique provides a selective and sensitive method for environmental monitoring in industrial atmospheres as well as for personnel exposure measurement.     

A method of determining the level of luminescence-producing additive (DHTI-150A) to zinc galvanic electrolytes in the air of the work area

A photocolorimetric technique was proposed for determining the working zone air content of the glitter-additive (DXTU-150) used in galvanic zinc electrolytes. The technique was based on the phenomenon that the additive's particles, after coming into a contact with n-nitro-dyazobenzol, produced coloured chemical products.     

A trace gas technique for measuring clothing microclimate air exchange rates

Crockford, G. W., Crowder, M., and Prestidge, S. P. (1972).Brit. J. industr. Med.,29, 378-386. A trace gas technique for measuring clothing microclimate air exchange rates. The rate at which clothing microclimate air is exchanged for ambient air influences the sensible and insensible heat loss from the microclimate. Factors which influence this air exchange are clothing permeability, wind speed, body movements, clothing design, and fabric properties. The influence of the first four factors has been studied using a trace gas technique for measuring the rate at which microclimate air is exchanged for ambient air. The trace gas technique and the mathematical model describing the loss of the trace gas from the microclimate are described. The technique is shown to have a high resolving power, enabling small changes in the four factors studied to be identified, and as the method is also very quick detailed studies of garment design can be made.