60Coγ射线对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞L-Arg/NO生成系统的影响

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (Ｐｅｒｃｕｔａｎｅｏｕｓｔｒａｎｓｌｕｍｉｎａｌｃｏｒｏ ｎａｒｙａｎｇｉｏｐｌａｓｔｙ ,ＰＴＣＡ)是目前治疗冠心病的有效措施之一 ,但其易损伤与剥脱血管内皮 ,导致术后血管平滑肌细胞(ＶＳＭＣ)增生和新生内膜增厚 ,约 30 %～ 50 %的病人半年内发生术后再狭窄 (ＲＳ) [1 ] 。一氧化氮 (ＮＯ)是调节血管张力和影响血管结构变化的重要因子。ＰＴＣＡ术后血管ＮＯ生成紊乱是再狭窄发生的决定因素之一[4] 。本工作拟在培养的大鼠ＶＳＭＣ上观察60 Ｃｏγ射线辐射对ＮＯ生成系统即Ｌ 精氨酸(Ｌ Ａｒｇ)、ＮＯ…     

PTCA后再狭窄的防治及其航空医学意义

随着经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）及其相关技术的广泛应用,解决术后再狭窄问题例成为一个亟待解决的问题,本简述了ＰＴＣＡ后再狭窄的机制。再狭窄病变对ＰＴＣＡ后民航飞行人员的影响以及在术后的航空医学鉴定和观察中,防治再狭窄的重要性及如何防治再狭窄的探讨。     

冠状动脉内照射预防PTCA术后再狭窄的进展

经皮冠状动脉 (简称冠脉 )腔内成形术 (ＰＴＣＡ)是治疗急性心肌梗死的一种常规而有效的方法。ＰＴＣＡ术后 1～ 4个月内 30 %～ 5 0 %的再狭窄是影响其疗效的主要原因[1] 。冠脉内照射可使再狭窄率降低 ,所以倍受关注[2 ,3 ] 。一、内照射的理论基础与实验研究ＰＴＣＡ术后导致血管内皮损伤 ,引起内皮细胞增生、淋巴细胞和单核细胞粘附 ,并刺激肌纤维出现异位增生。内照射使分裂期细胞内ＤＮＡ结构发生不可逆性破坏 ,因而抑制了增生。这种抗增生作用与照射剂量、时间和细胞所处的分裂阶段有关[4 ] 。Ｗｉｅｄｅｒｍａｎｎ等[5 7] 用192 Ｉ…     

低强度激光经皮腔内照射预防血管成形术后再狭窄

７０年代末期，经皮冠状动脉血管成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的应用开创了冠心病治疗的新纪元，但是由于术后６个月再狭窄发生率高达３０％～５０％而影响远期疗效。８０年代中期冠状动脉支架植入术的应用，虽然使ＰＴＣＡ术后再狭窄发生率有所下降，但是仍有较多的支架内再狭窄发生。至今对再狭窄进行了许多研究，但因对其机制不是十分了解，故尚缺乏有效方法使再狭窄发生率显著降低。近年来研究发现，冠状动脉介入术后低强度激光局部照射似可明显降低术后再狭窄发生率。一、临床应用的低强度激光及治疗参数低强度激光（ｌｏｗｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙｌ…     

心肌梗死的护理进展

心肌梗死(简称心梗)是冠心病中最严重、危害性最大的疾病之一。过去,急性期住院病人病死率一般在30%左右,进行监护治疗已降至15%左右,发展溶栓治疗后再降至10%以下[1]。自1982年国外学者应用经皮冠状动脉成形术(ＰＴＣＡ)治疗心梗以来,ＰＴＣＡ已成为一种有效的治疗心梗的介入治疗方法。随着新技术的开展和广泛运用,对临床护理工作亦提出新的要求,本文就心肌梗死的护理进展综述如下。1　预见性护理[2～4]1.1　老年急性心肌梗死(ＡＭＩ)复合心梗多,心梗时较少发生胸痛,并发症有心律失常、泵衰竭、心脏破裂和消化道出血。可因饮食不当、大小便…     

PTCA后冠状动脉再狭窄的血管内支架治疗

目的：采用血管内支架经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后冠状动脉再狭窄，利用运动试验来追踪评价其１年疗效。材料与方法：观察３２例ＰＴＣＡ成功病例，其中６例在术后１～８个月被诊断为再狭窄，选择Ｇｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏ－Ｒｏｕｂｉｎ型支架做再成形治疗，在术后第１、６、１２个月测定其运动试验结果，将所测定指标与单纯ＰＴＣＡ组病例做同期对照。结果：６例血管造影均为原部位的单支血管再狭窄，经支架成形处理后，狭窄度由９０．５％±３．４％（ｘ±ｓ）下降为１０．２％±６．７％；术后１年追踪运动试验表明，支架成形组较单纯ＰＴＣＡ组在运动耐量和运动时间方面占优势。结论：再狭窄的发生除了与血管内膜增生反应相关外，还与血管壁的慢性回缩和结构重塑相联系；血管内支架可对抗这一过程的发生，从而提高中远期疗效。     

核素显像评价冠心病患者PTCA疗效

对经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (ＰＴＣＡ)结果的评价多根据患者的症状和常规心电图 ,缺乏更加客观的依据。本研究通过对ＰＴＣＡ患者术前、术后99Ｔｃｍ 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (ＭＩＢＩ)心肌灌注断层显像和核素心室显像及定量分析的对比研究 ,以探讨其评价ＰＴＣＡ疗效的价值 ,现报道如下。资料与方法一、临床资料31例冠心病住院患者 ,男 2 5例 ,女6例 ,年龄 (36～ 78,平均 5 7.6± 3.5 )岁。其中不稳定性心绞痛 8例 ,急性心肌梗死 (ＡＭＩ) 19例 ,陈旧性心肌梗死 (ＯＭＩ) 4例。术前均行常规冠状动脉造影 ,示 1支血管病变 2 2例 ,2支血管病变 9例…     

冠状动脉腔内成形术的护理进展

1977年Ｇｒｕｅｎｔｚｉｇ首例经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (ＰＴＣＡ)的成功 ,标志着冠心病介入治疗时代的开始[1] 。以后随着技术的提高、经验的积累及导管工艺的改进 ,使ＰＴＣＡ的成功率逐渐提高 ,适应证逐渐扩大 ,并发症的发生率逐渐下降。但由于该项技术为创伤性治疗 ,如处理不当可引起严重并发症 ,甚至可导致死亡[2 ] 。因此做好ＰＴＣＡ术前准备、术中监护及术后护理 ,对减少并发症和保证手术安全是十分必要的。本文对冠状动脉腔内成形术的护理进展综述如下。1　术前护理一般要求术前禁食 ,体内的水分及盐分均有减少 ,血球压积增加 ,血…     

经皮冠状动脉球囊成形术急性合并症的血管造影表现

作者总结近年１０６例经皮冠状动脉球囊成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的急性合并症，如急性冠状动脉闭塞、血栓脱落引起远端栓塞、冠状动脉夹层及冠状动脉痉挛共１９例，对各种合并症的血管造影表现，尤其对ＰＴＣＡ所致冠状动脉夹层按不同类型进行分析后认为，正确认识合并症的血管造影表现，有助于选择治疗方法；冠状动脉造影的形态学表现，与ＰＴＣＡ急性合并症的可能性之间有密切相关性。     

心血管介入治疗术后病人的观察与护理

1　临床资料1 993年 1 0月～ 1 999年 1 0月共有 1 4 6例患者在我科接受介入检查治疗术 ,患者平均年龄 50 .5岁 ( 1 5～ 86)岁 ) ,男女比例为 1 0∶1。单纯选择性冠状动脉造影 (ＳＣＡ) 3 2例 ,经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (ＰＴＣＡ) 1 1例 ,ＰＴＣＡ 支架 6例 ,右室造影 2例 ,肾动脉造影 经皮腔内血管成形 (ＰＴＡ)4例 ,右无名动脉造影 2例 ,升主动脉造影 2例 ,单纯电生理检查 (ＥＰ) 1 2例 ,射频消融 (ＲＦＣＡ) 60例 ,右心导管检查 7例 ,二尖瓣球囊成形术 (ＰＢＭＶ) 8例。2　术后观察和护理2 1　心电监测及护理　严重心律失常及心肌缺血…     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.