内支架治疗上胃肠道恶性狭窄和食管气管瘘

目的 探讨国产带膜金属内支架姑息治疗上胃肠道恶性狭窄和食管气管瘘的临床价值.方法 32例晚期食管癌、食管-气管瘘、贲门癌、胃窦癌及其术后复发引起的吻合口恶性狭窄患者,在日立TU-41 500 mA和GE 3100-IQ DSA的监视下,将国产带膜金属内支架置入病变段.结果 32例37枚带膜内支架置放成功率为100％,患者吞咽困难及上胃肠道梗阻症状明显改善和解除,食管气管漏被封堵,未出现上胃肠道穿孔、大出血或死亡等严重并发症.结论 国产带膜金属内支架姑息治疗上胃肠道恶性狭窄和漏安全有效.     

内支架置入对食管良恶性狭窄姑息性治疗的临床应用

目的 采用内支架置入的方法对食管良恶性狭窄和食管瘘患者进行姑息性治疗,观察并比较进口支架和国产支架的临床应用情况。方法 20例食管癌所致食管狭窄患者中,手术后吻合口狭窄3例,合并食管－气管瘘4例,食管－纵 隔瘘1例。置入进口支架10个;国产支架10个。对4例食管造影显示完全梗阻和7例严重狭窄的患者,先行球囊扩张,后置入支架。9例直接置入。结果 15例单纯食管狭窄患者置入支架后,进食情况明显改善,5例合并瘘者置入带膜支架后,瘘口消失。分别随访2个月至2年。1例20d后死于消化道大出血。3例6个月后再次出现狭窄,1例行放射治疗,2例第2次置入支架。其余患者均未出现明显的进食障碍。结论 食管内支架置入术简单、安全、近期疗效明显,无严重并发症,是食管癌性狭窄和食管瘘的一种良好的姑息性治疗方法。国产支架与进出口支架疗效相仿,值得临床推广应用。     

多枚食管支架治疗晚期食管癌的临床应用研究

目的：评价多枚食管支架在晚期食管癌治疗中的临床疗效。方法：18例食管癌患者行多枚镍钛合金记忆支架治疗。均为晚期食管癌或支架术后患者。结果：18例食管癌患者置入41枚记忆合金支架,吞咽困难明显改善,总有效率98．6％。结论：晚期食管癌是食管支架治疗最适宜的姑息性适应证;对于病变范围大于10cm者或支架术后再狭窄患者应采用放置多枚支架插接的方法。     

食管癌治疗后带膜食管支架应用的中远期疗效评价

目的:评价食管癌手术或放射治疗后带膜食管支架应用的中远期疗效。方法:36例食管癌手术或放射治疗后出现食管或吻合口狭窄、食管-气管或纵隔瘘的患者行带膜食管支架置入术,并进行21~86个月的随访。所有病例均行食管点片,复发性食管狭窄患者行内窥镜检查随访。结果:所有病例支架置入均获成功。21例患者随访中死亡,支架置入后生存期是1月~53个月。其中10例死于肿瘤复发,2例死于肿瘤广泛转移,3例死于食管大出血,2例死于肺部炎症,4例死于不明原因。随访中仍然健在15例,生存时间为支架置入术后21个月~74个月。结论:带膜食管支架在食管癌治疗后的应用近期疗效满意,而中长期疗效较差,多种并发症所导致的患者的最终死亡是食管支架治疗应用的不足。     

晚期食管癌的被膜支架治疗

晚期食管癌患者大部分伴有食管狭窄或食管气管瘘，部分患者术后可并发吻合口瘘，严重影响患者的饮食，直接危及患者的生命，置入被膜支架已成为治疗晚期食管癌的重要方法。2001年以来，我院采用国产带膜支架治疗晚期食管癌48例，均收到良好效果。     

国产金属支架置入合并动脉化疗治疗食管恶性狭窄的效果

目的评价国产镍钛记忆合金带膜支架置入及其合并动脉化疗治疗食管恶性狭窄的疗效。方法52例经临床或病理证实的食管狭窄患者，均在透视下经口将导丝安全通过狭窄段行球囊扩张后置入支架。其中，22例支架置入2周后行动脉化疗。结果全部病例置入支架一次完成，支架置入成功率100％，吞咽困难缓解率100％，明显提高了患者生存质量。1a生存率，单纯支架组6．7％；支架＋动脉化疗组31．8％。两组比较，差异显著（P〈0．01）。结论食管支架置入是姑息治疗食管恶性狭窄的最佳方法之一，而支架＋动脉化疗明显优于单纯支架的治疗效果。     

覆膜内支架治疗食管癌放疗后狭窄及食管气管瘘临床分析

目的评价覆膜食管内支架治疗食管癌放疗后狭窄及食管气管瘘的临床效果。方法本组89例食管癌放疗后狭窄及食管气管瘘的患者,其中并发食管气管瘘28例。食管内覆膜支架置入均在数字减影血管造影机(DSA)监视下进行。结果 89例患者均成功置入覆膜内支架,27例中上段食管气管瘘完全被封闭,进水呛咳症状消失。18例术后再狭窄,再次置入支架。结论食管覆膜内支架治疗食管癌放疗后狭窄及食管气管瘘安全有效,能提高患者生活质量,延长生存期。     

防反流覆硅胶膜食管支架的临床应用

目的：了解防反流覆硅胶膜食管支架对食管恶性狭窄累及贲门和贲门癌治疗的效果及其由治疗可能引起的并发症,从中总结出一些经验及体会。方法：本组17例置入防反流覆硅胶膜食管支架,病变部位：食管下端11例;食管下端累及贲门4例;贲门2例。结果：本组17例患者支架置入均成功,达到缓解临床症状,进食后无胃内容物反流现象的预定要求。结论：防反流覆硅胶膜食管支架是食管下段及贲门恶性狭窄的姑息治疗及减少并发症的新方法。     

食管恶性狭窄内支架治疗和良性狭窄球囊扩张后的随访评价

目的　评价食管恶性狭窄内支架治疗和良性狭窄球囊扩张后的长期随访疗效。方法92例食管狭窄做了内支架或球囊扩张 ,有较完整的随访资料。 5 9例恶性食管狭窄均置入了内支架 ,其中置入支架前后行放射治疗 (简称放疗 )和 (或 )化学药物治疗 (简称化疗 ) 3 7例 ,占 63 % ;3 3例良性食管狭窄做了单纯球囊扩张治疗。内支架置入类型 :国产镍钛记忆合金网孔支架 2 4例 ,带膜支架2 2例 ;国产GianturcoZ形支架 7例 ,带膜支架 4例 ;Ultreflex支架 2例。门诊行食管造影和内窥镜检查随访 78例 ,14例通过电话或信件随访。结果　本组病例经过 1～ 4 1个月的随访观察 ,仅 1例支架发生轻度移位 ,但仍能覆盖病变全长。食管恶性狭窄 17例死亡 ,术后生存时间 2～ 3 0个月 ,平均 8 2个月。死亡原因 :肿瘤多脏器转移 15例 ,心肌梗死 1例 ,其他原因引起死亡 1例。恶性食管狭窄内支架置入后再狭窄 11例 ,因食物在支架内阻塞 1例 ,发生食管 气管瘘 1例 ,因肿瘤组织生长发生狭窄 8例 ,因支架上端组织增生发生狭窄 1例。发生再狭窄的 11例均再次做了内支架置入或球囊扩张治疗。结论　中晚期食管癌内支架置入是解除吞咽困难有效的姑息治疗方法 ,应用带膜支架和同时行放疗、化疗可防止因肿瘤生长而发生再狭窄 ,延缓患者生命。球囊扩     

不同类型被覆金属内支架治疗食管支气管瘘的初步研究

目的：评价不同类型被覆金属内支架治疗食管气管瘘的临床效果。方法：本组１０例,食管癌浸润或溃疡等通所致食管气管瘘６例,食管癌中段狭窄并网状金属内支架置入及放疗后致左支气管瘘１例,ＢＡＩ所致食管支气管瘘３例。选用美国ＧｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏＺ型带膜支架２例,Ｕｌｔｒａｆｌｅｘ支架２例,国产带膜网状支架６例。所有病例的支架置入均在透视下完成。结果：１０例支架置入术均１次成功,瘘口完全封闭,饮水不再呛咳,术后第     

国产被膜网状支架治疗食管癌性狭窄初步研究

目的 评价国产被膜网状支架治疗食管癌性狭窄的价值,探讨支架置入的相关技术。方法 本组30例,置入支架前,行食管造影,并用X线显影尺精确定位,然后用超滑导丝、导引导管引入超硬导丝,对狭窄部扩张后,将支架置入预定部位。结果 30例共置入支架31枚,所有病例均一次成功,患者吞咽功能明显改善,未出现食管穿孔、大出血或死亡等严重并发症。结论 国产被膜网状支架治疗食管癌性狭窄安全、有效;相关技术的改进,可减少患者不适及并发症,提高支架放置的成功率及准确性。     

覆膜食管支架治疗食管癌放疗后并发食管狭窄及食管瘘的临床效果

 目的 评价覆膜食管支架治疗食管癌放疗后并发食管狭窄或食管瘘的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析58例食管癌放疗后并发食管狭窄及食管瘘的患者,所有患者均在X线监视下放置Z形全覆膜食管支架,分析支架置入的疗效及安全性。结果 58例食管支架均放置成功,术后患者进食恢复通畅、瘘口封闭,各种临床症状得到有效迅速缓解,放置成功率及治疗有效率均为100.0%。术后出现胸痛52例(89.7%),恶心呕吐31例(53.4%),轻度消化道出血21例(36.2%),前两项经对症处理后可有效控制,后者自行好转。结论 采用覆膜食管支架治疗食管癌放疗后并发的食管狭窄及食管瘘简便、安全、疗效确切,值得推广。     

覆膜气管支架治疗气管狭窄伴气管瘘

目的将覆膜的直管型或分叉型气管支架应用于治疗恶性肿瘤造成的气管狭窄伴气管瘘,以维持呼吸通道和封闭瘘口。方法采用全部或部分覆盖硅橡胶薄膜的不锈钢丝“Z”型支架,使用带导引鞘的三套管支架输送器放置支架。结果9例气管支架均一次放置成功,6例食管内同时放置支架。术后呼吸困难的症状立即缓解,瘘口被封闭。随访观察4～12个月,无明显不良反应。结论采用覆膜直管型或分叉型支架治疗气管狭窄伴气管瘘是安全有效的方法。     

Covered metallic stent placement in the management of cervical esophageal strictures

PURPOSE: To describe the authors' experience with self-expandable covered metallic stents in 16 patients with malignant and benign cervical esophageal strictures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen expandable covered metallic stents were placed with fluoroscopic guidance in 16 patients (14 men, two women; mean age, 60 years; age range, 26-75 years) with malignant and benign strictures of the cervical esophagus. The causes of strictures were ingestion of corrosive agents (n = 3), biopsy-proved squamous cell carcinoma (n = 12), and postsurgical scarring (n = 1). The mean dysphagia scores at presentation were compared with those after stent placement by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: Stent placement was technically successful in all patients. The reduction in the mean dysphagia score after stent placement was statistically significant (P = .0327). All patients complained of mild to severe foreign body sensation, with four reporting severe pain necessitating immediate stent removal. With the exception of one patient with limited follow-up, complications requiring intervention occurred in all patients, including migration in nine patients and tissue hyperproliferation in two. Of the 12 patients with a malignant stricture of the esophagus, four patients eventually underwent gastrostomy for the placement of a feeding tube and one patient underwent surgery. All four patients with a benign cervical stricture failed to achieve long-lasting improvement with temporary stent placement. CONCLUSIONS: Although the placement of covered metallic stents in the cervical esophagus provides adequate initial palliation, it is associated with poor patient tolerance and a high complication rate.     

Malignant tracheobronchial strictures: palliation with covered retrievable expandable nitinol stent

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and clinical effectiveness of a covered retrievable expandable nitinol stent for the treatment of malignant tracheobronchial stricture and/or esophagorespiratory fistula (ERF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: With fluoroscopic guidance, stents were placed in 35 symptomatic patients with malignant tracheobronchial stricture and/or ERF in most cases caused by lung or esophageal cancer. The site of stricture was most commonly at the trachea or left main bronchus. If there were complications, the stent was removed with a retrieval set. Nine patients had combined symptomatic ERF. RESULTS: A total of 47 tracheobronchial stents were placed and were technically successful and well-tolerated in all patients. Improvement of dyspnea was achieved in 92% of the patients (24 of 26 patients). Associated ERF in nine patients was effectively treated with tracheobronchial stent placement with or without esophageal stent placement. Stent migration, tumor overgrowth, symptomatic sputum retention, and hemoptysis occurred in 17% (6/35), 6% (2/35), 20% (7/35), and 17% (6/35) of patients, respectively. There were no documented cases of tumor ingrowth. Stent removal was performed easily in five patients when stent migration (n = 2), severe pain (n = 1), tumor overgrowth (n = 1), or persistent gastrobronchial fistula (n = 1) developed. All patients died 2 days to 26 weeks (mean, 9.62 weeks) after stent placement because of disease progression (n = 18), pneumonia (n = 9), hemoptysis (n = 5), or unknown cause (n = 3). CONCLUSION: Use of a covered retrievable expandable nitinol stent is a safe and effective method for relieving dyspnea. This procedure contributed to improved quality of life for patients with malignant tracheobronchial stricture and/or ERF. Stent retrievability was useful in resolving stent-related complications.     

气管恶性狭窄的内支架介入治疗

目的 介绍气管内支架留置的新技术,评价自张式金属内支架在气管恶性狭窄中的姑息治疗作用。方法 共１６例患者,其中气管腺癌所致狭窄８例,食管上段鳞状上皮癌所致气管狭窄６例,喉癌导致气管狭窄２例。临床上均有不同程度的呼吸困难,喘鸣,２例合并食管－气管瘘者伴有呛咳。所用器械包括：直径１４Ｆ前端部带有不透Ｘ线记号的支架释放鞘,支架推进器、导丝导管等。所用支架为Ｚ形不锈钢自张式支架和镍钛温度记忆合金支架。在透     

国产金属内支架置入治疗良恶性食管狭窄(附25例分析)

目的 :采用国产金属内支架置入治疗良恶性食管狭窄。方法 :2 5例良恶性食管狭窄患者 ,均在 X线监视下 ,经口将导丝安全通过狭窄段 ,行球囊扩张后置入金属支架。结果 :全部病例均顺利置入支架 ,不仅有效地缓解了进食困难 ,改善了营养状况 ,同时还使食管气管瘘及食管纵隔瘘患者瘘口封闭 ,为其减轻感染及进一步治疗造成狭窄的原发病提供了时机。结论 :食管内支架置入术是治疗良恶性食管狭窄的一种安全有效地方法、应用国产金属内支架 ,既可减轻患者经济负担 ,又可达到进口支架同样的效果而成首选。     

Covered retrievable expandable nitinol stents in patients with benign esophageal strictures: initial experience

PURPOSE: To investigate the safety and clinical effectiveness of covered retrievable expandable nitinol stents in 25 patients with a benign esophageal stricture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Under fluoroscopic guidance, covered retrievable expandable nitinol stents were placed in 25 patients with a benign esophageal stricture and were removed with a retrieval hook 1-8 weeks later. RESULTS: Stent placement was successful in all patients, with no procedural complications. After stent placement, all patients could ingest solid food. The stents were successfully removed from all but two patients. One patient passed the stent via the rectum, and the other regurgitated a high cervical stent. After stent removal, one patient developed a small esophagobronchial fistula, which spontaneously sealed within 1 week of stent removal. After stent removal or migration, all patients could ingest solid food. During follow-up (mean, 13 months; range, 2-25 months) after stent removal or migration, 12 patients maintained their improvement in dysphagia and needed no further treatment. Thirteen patients with recurrence were treated by means of repeat balloon dilation. CONCLUSION: Use of retrievable expandable nitinol stents seems to be a safe and effective method of treatment in selected patients with benign esophageal strictures.     

Nitinol Esophageal Stents: New Designs and Clinical Indications

Purpose To evaluate the clinical use of covered and noncovered, knitted nitinol stents in patients presenting new stent indications. Methods Self-expandable, knitted nitinol stents were implanted in four patients for treatment of dysphagia. In two patients who had malignant strictures and had esophago-respiratory fistulae and in one patient with an esophagocutaneous fistula, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-covered stents were implanted. One patient received a noncovered stent, but a retrograde approach through a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) fistula had to be chosen for recanalization of an esophageal occulusion. Two patients received stents for treatment of benign strictures. Results Recanalization of the stricture and stent implantation were performed under fluoroscopic control without any procedure-related morbidity or mortality. Dysphagia improved in all patients and the esophageal fistulae could be sealed off by covered stents. During a maximum follow-up of 18 months, there was no stent migration or esophageal perforation. Complications observed were stent stenosis due to food impaction (1/4) and benign stent stenosis (2/2). Most complications could be treated by the interventional radiologist. Conclusion Self-expandable, covered Nitinol stents provide an option for the treatment of dysphagia combined with esophageal fistulae. In combination with interventional radiology techniques, even complex strictures are accessible. For benign strictures, the value of stent treatment has not yet been proven.