重症急性胰腺炎并发韦尼克脑病的临床分析

目的分析总结重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis,SAP）并发韦尼克脑病的发病特点、诊断及临床防治措施。方法回顾性分析本中心2000年1月至2006年12月收治的711例SAP患者中12例并发韦尼克脑病的临床资料。结果12例韦尼克脑病患者中行手术治疗5例。SAP禁食时间长（超过2周）,全部患者长期禁食后平均25.8d（10～46d）均表现精神恍惚,神志淡漠,其中眼球震颤7例,共济失调6例,逆行性遗忘3例,定向力障碍2例。全组中2例死于SAP严重并发症,其余患者均痊愈出院,随访无复发。结论SAP因禁食时间长,既往饮酒史,妊娠性胰腺炎,反复透析丢失过多维生素B1可能并发韦尼克脑病。临床工作中需重视SAP长期禁食患者维生素B1的补充,及早发现维生素B1缺乏,避免韦尼克脑病的发生,同时注意与胰性脑病的鉴别。     

胃癌术后胃瘫并发韦尼克脑病的诊断及治疗

目的 探讨因胃癌术后胃瘫引发韦尼克脑病的病因、诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析2000年8月至2010年12月收治的6例胃癌术后胃瘫并发韦尼克脑病患者的临床资料.结果 胃癌患者816例的治疗过程中发生胃瘫 32例(3.9%),在32例胃瘫中并发韦尼克脑病6例(18.8%),多发生在胃癌术后胃瘫后第1～2周.4例(66.7%)经及时诊断后补充维生素B1症状消失,2例(33.3%)因延误治疗而留有后遗症.结论 胃癌术后胃瘫患者及时补充维生素B1是预防及治疗韦尼克脑病发生的关键.     

胆胰疾病并发非酒精性韦尼克脑病4例及文献复习

目的探讨胆胰疾病并发非酒精性韦尼克脑病的临床表现、诊断、治疗及机制。方法回顾性分析我院收治的4例因胆胰疾病禁食并发韦尼克脑病患者的临床资料。结果住院期间发生的非酒精性韦尼克脑病多因长期禁食引起维生素B1缺乏,缺乏典型症状,及时补充维生素B1症状可明显缓解。结论非酒精性韦尼克脑病进展迅速,临床表现不典型,误诊率高,易延误,应引起重视。     

急性胰腺炎与韦尼克脑病

急性胰腺炎尤其是重症胰腺炎患者，病程早期可出现中枢神经系统症状，被认为是胰性脑病，它属多脏器衰竭的一部分。而在病程后期，甚至在恢复期也出现中枢神经系统症状，且与禁食与输液未补充维生素B1有关，与其他因缺乏维生素B1而发生中枢神经系统症状的疾病类似称之为韦尼克脑病。本文就急性胰腺炎并发韦尼克脑病作一探讨。     

腹部大手术并发真菌性腹腔脓肿16例原因分析

近年来,深部真菌感染逐渐增多,而腹部大手术后并发真菌性腹腔脓肿的病例也随之增加。总结16例腹部大手术后并发真菌性腹腔脓肿患者的临床资料,报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料2005年9月—2010年5月共收治腹部大手术后并发真菌性腹腔脓肿16例（河北省隆化县医院6例,承德医学院附属医院10例）,     

重症急性胰腺炎患者并发Wernicke脑病的护理

目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)治疗中并发Wernicke脑病患者的护理对策。方法对12例SAP并发Wernicke脑病患者早期加强病情观察、针对患者的症状加强安全护理、早期大剂量使用维生素B1并做好用药护理、健康教育及心理护理。结果2例因SAP病情加重死亡;10例患者痊愈出院,随访1年,均无复发病例。结论及时有效的护理是治疗Wernicke脑病,提高SAP患者综合治疗效果的关键环节。     

重症急性胰腺炎患者并发Wernicke脑病的护理

目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）治疗中并发Wernicke脑病患者的护理对策。方法对12例SAP并发Wernicke脑病患者早期加强病情观察、针对患者的症状加强安全护理、早期大剂量使用维生素B1并做好用药护理、健康教育及心理护理。结果2例因SAP病情加重死亡;10例患者痊愈出院,随访1年,均无复发病例。结论及时有效的护理是治疗Wernicke脑病,提高SAP患者综合治疗效果的关键环节。     

幽门梗阻合并Wernicke脑病20例

回顾分析20例幽门梗阻合并Wernicke脑病患者的临床资料。20例患者经积极补充大剂量维生素B1及B12,所有患者脑病均治愈。Wernicke脑病临床罕见，症状不典型，早期MRI检查及应用大剂量维生素B1是诊治的关键。     

肠外瘘并发韦尼克脑病的诊治分析

肠外瘘是普通外科的严重疾病之一,治疗周期长、费用高,其并发症的发生率和病死率较高,有研究表明死亡率达5.3％～11.3％;肠外瘘并发韦尼克脑病(Wernicke's enrephalopathy),病死率可达50％[2].我院2008年8月至2011年5月收治肠外瘘患者45例中并发韦尼克脑病者4例,现报道如下. 临床资料 1.一般资料:本组4例,为肠外瘘并发韦尼克脑病患者,男3例,女1例,年龄20 ～60岁,平均(35±5.6)岁.入院前均经消化道造影明确肠外瘘诊断,多发高位小肠瘘2例,低位小肠瘘并升结肠瘘1例,单发高位小肠瘘1例,均有长时间禁食、静脉营养史,发病前均无神经精神异常病史,其中1例已经部分行肠内营养.4例患者均有不同程度精神行为异常,主要表现为记忆力、定向力和注意力障碍,易激惹、情感淡漠等,双侧眼外直肌麻痹伴复视2例,躯干性共济失调2例.     

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Wernicke脑病(Wernicke encephalopaty,WE)是由于维生素B1(Vit B1)缺乏引起的严重中枢神经系统代谢性脑病,其典型临床表现为眼肌麻痹、共济失调及精神异常的三联征。现将2006年6月至2010年6月我院收治的7例胃肠道手术后并发Wernicke脑病报道如下。     

老年胃癌患者围手术期并发Wernicke脑病7例分析

目的探讨老年胃癌患者围手术期并发Wernicke脑病的发病机理、临床表现及诊断和防治措施。方法回顾性分析1990年10月至2009年12月期间,兰州军区兰州总医院普通外科收治的237例老年胃癌患者中,围手术期并发Wernicke脑病的7例患者的临床资料,总结其临床表现、辅助检查、诊断、治疗和预后情况,并分析与其发生有关的因素。结果本组病例临床表现为眼球震颤7例,共济失调4例,大脑功能紊乱6例,贫血4例。辅助检查:血生化指标异常7例,尿酮体阳性5例,血维生素B1含量减低2例,头颅MRI检查异常1例;治疗前确诊5例,经试验性治疗后确诊2例。4例治愈,1例明显好转,1例好转,1例死亡。术前合并低蛋白血症或幽门梗阻以及术后出现肠瘘或胃瘫综合征者,其Wernicke脑病发生率明显高于无合并症和并发症者(P<0.05)。结论 Wernicke脑病临床表现无特异性,诊断较困难,需引起临床医师重视,可联合多种方法进行诊断。围手术期及时改善或防治合并症和并发症,并补充足量B族维生素是重要的预防和治疗措施。     

重症急性胰腺炎患者并发意识障碍的临床分析

目的 探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)并发意识障碍的原因、特点、诊断和治疗方法 .方法 回顾性分析2000年至2007年华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院收治的86例并发意识障碍的SAP患者的临床资料,分析其病因、临床表现、治疗方法 以及预后.结果 86例并发意识障碍的SAP患者中由机体内环境紊乱诱发者38例、胰性脑病9例、感染中毒性脑病23例、韦尼克脑病16例.并发意识障碍患者的临床表现复杂多样,但没有特异性.在SAP综合治疗的基础上,针对导致意识障碍的原因采取个体化的救治措施,多数患者的意识障碍逐渐恢复,但有14例患者死于大出血或MODS.结论 SAP急性反应期所发生的意识障碍首先考虑机体的内环境紊乱状态,其次考虑胰性脑病;对感染期所发生的意识障碍要警惕感染中毒性脑病以及韦尼克脑病的发生.在SAP综合救治的基础上针对病因采取个体化的处理是治疗和预防意识障碍发生的根本措施.     

Neurological Complications of Bariatric Surgery

Obesity is reaching pandemic proportions, and the number of bariatric surgeries is increasing. Neurological complications of bariatric procedures are more and more frequently reported and physicians need to recognize and be able to manage them. Neurological complications may result from mechanical or inflammatory mechanisms, but mainly from nutritional deficiencies. Vitamin B12, folate, thiamine, vitamin D, and vitamin E are the most frequent deficiencies. Different patterns of complications can be observed that may differ from time to presentation. At an early stage, immediate peripherical nerve injury, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, and polyradiculoneuropathy are the most frequent. Late complications may appear after years and include optic neuropathy, myelopathy, peripherical neuropathy, and myopathy. Bariatric surgery patients should benefit from careful nutritional follow-up with routine monitoring of micronutrients at 6 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months post-op and then annually after surgery, and multivitamin supplementation for life.     

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??The treatment and diagnosis of micronutritiens in the surgical patients REN Jian-an. Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, China
Abstract Micronutritiens deficiency may develop in the critically ill or in the long term hospitalized surgical patients. Vitamin K deficiency could cause coagulopathy and spontaneous bleeding. B12 deficiency is the cause of pernicious anemia. Refeeding syndrome is usually caused by deficiency of phosphorous when malnourished patients start restore nutritonal support. Wernicke encephalopathy is a syndrome characterised by ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, confusion, and impairment of short-term memory. It is often resulting from inadequate intake or absorption of thiamine (vitamin B1), especially in conjunction with carbohydrate ingestion??     

"Syndrome in syndrome": Wernicke syndrome due to afferent loop syndrome. Case report and review of the literature

Wernicke syndrome is a rare neurological pathology due to a deficit in vitamin B1. The syndrome is common among alcohol abusers, patients with malignant tumor or gastrointestinal diseases, those who undergo hemodialysis or long-term peritoneal dialysis, pregnant women with hyperemesis, women who breast-feed, patients with hyperthyroidism or anorexia nervosa or gastric or jejunal-ileal bypass surgery for obesity, patients submitted to gastric surgery or prolonged total parenteral nutrition or prolonged intravenous therapy. We report a case of Wernicke syndrome due to afferent loop syndrome characterized by incoercible vomiting.     

腹腔镜胆总管探查对具有上腹部手术史患者的经验总结

［摘要］ 目的 总结对有上腹部手术史的患者行腹腔镜下胆总管探查的经验及疗效。方法 回顾性分析17例有上腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜下胆总管探查治疗胆总管结石的临床资料。术前常规行影像检查包括 B超、CT、ERCP、MRCP等。结果 17例手术均成功。术后1例出现胆漏，经引流管通畅引流一周后停止。手术时间约110～215 min，平均160 min。术中出血约5～50 mL，平均23 mL。术后一周左右拔掉腹腔引流管，经过8～10天切口拆线、出院。鼻胆管术后8～10天予以拔除，4～8周后行T管造影无结石，予拔除T管，无不良并发症发生。结论 上腹部有手术史的患者并不是微创手术的绝对禁忌症，对其进行腹腔镜下胆总管探查是安全可靠的。     

Perioperative growth hormone treatment and functional outcome after major abdominal surgery: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate short- and long-term effects of perioperative human growth hormone (hGH) treatment on physical performance and fatigue in younger patients undergoing a major abdominal operation in a normal postoperative regimen with oral nutrition. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Muscle wasting and functional impairment follow major abdominal surgery. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with ulcerative colitis undergoing ileoanal J-pouch surgery were randomized to hGH (12 IU/day) or placebo treatment from 2 days before to 7 days after surgery. Measurements were performed 2 days before and 10, 30, and 90 days after surgery. RESULTS: The total muscle strength of four limb muscle groups was reduced by 7.6% in the hGH group and by 17.1% in the placebo group at postoperative day 10 compared with baseline values. There was also a significant difference between treatment groups in total muscle strength at day 30, and at the 90-day follow-up total muscle strength was equal to baseline values in the hGH group, but still significantly 5.9% below in the placebo group. The work capacity decreased by approximately 20% at day 10 after surgery, with no significant difference between treatment groups. Both groups were equally fatigued at day 10 after surgery, but at day 30 and 90 the hGH patients were less fatigued than the placebo patients. During the treatment period, patients receiving hGH had reduced loss of limb lean tissue mass, and 3 months after surgery the hGH patients had regained more lean tissue mass than placebo patients. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative hGH treatment of younger patients undergoing major abdominal surgery preserved limb lean tissue mass, increased postoperative muscular strength, and reduced long-term postoperative fatigue.     

Wernicke’s encephalopathy three weeks after sleeve gastrectomy

Following bariatric surgeries for management of morbid obesity, less nutrients are absorbed, giving rise to complications due to vitamin deficiencies with frequently dramatic consequences. Neurologic complications resulting from folate, vitamin B12, and thiamine deficiencies have been estimated to occur in up to 16% of cases and present within weeks to months following bariatric surgery. Among bariatric surgeries, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass has been the most associated with such deficiencies due to both restrictive and malabsorptive components. Complications are less seen with restrictive surgeries. We report a case of rapid Wernicke’s encephalopathy due to a thiamine deficiency in a young female patient following Sleeve gastrectomy (SG).     

重视微量营养素的缺乏与诊治

危重病人或病程稍长的病人,可能出现微量营养素缺乏。如不能及时补充可影响疾病的诊治与转归。较为常见的是维生素K缺乏引起的凝血机制障碍;维生素B12缺乏引起的巨幼红细胞贫血;磷缺乏引起的再灌食综合征以及维生素B1缺乏引起的运动共济失调、视觉障碍和心理改变。对于危重应激病人,单纯补充葡萄糖、脂肪和氨基酸这三大营养素,会进一步增加维生素B1的需要量,增加Wernicke脑病的发病率。及时补充微量营养素可消除这些微量营养素缺乏的症状。