颈动脉易损性斑块的检测方法与干预治疗进展

颈动脉易损斑块是脑血管急性事件的根源,因此,准确识别易损斑块可积极有效的干预脑卒中。现就易损斑块的血清学标志和影像学检测手段做一综述,最后简单概述了颈动脉易损斑块的治疗。     

颈动脉易损斑块与缺血性脑卒中复发的相关性研究

目的对颈动脉斑块进行评价,分析斑块性质、形态及其危险因素与缺血性脑卒中复发的相关性。方法选择经头颅CT和(或)MRI确诊为缺血性脑卒中复发患者209例,应用CT血管造影联合彩色多普勒超声检查证实122例有颈动脉斑块,根据斑块性质分为易损斑块组86例,稳定斑块组36例,分析斑块性质、形态,观察发生缺血性脑血管事件相关因素,比较2组缺血性脑卒中复发的时间、分布及狭窄的关系,Cox风险比例模型分析缺血性脑卒中复发与颈动脉斑块等危险因素间的相关性。结果 209例患者中,颈动脉斑块122例,占58.4%。与稳定斑块组比较,易损斑块组年龄更高,高血压和冠心病的比例更多(P<0.05)。Cox回归分析显示,易损斑块与冠心病是缺血性脑卒中复发的危险因素。结论颈动脉斑块性质、形态和冠心病是缺血性脑卒中复发的危险因素。     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块易损性的临床研究进展

<正>颈动脉粥样硬化是缺血性脑卒中的危险因素之一,主要发生机制是管腔狭窄引起血流动力学改变及易损斑块脱落形成栓子,临床上很多患者存在严重的动脉狭窄而没有发生脑卒中,而发生脑卒中的患者相当比例并未发现严重的动脉狭窄。研究表明,易损斑块即使不引起严重的动脉狭窄,也会造成不同程度的缺血性脑卒中。与动脉狭窄比较,斑块本身成分及稳定性与缺血性脑血管事件密切相关,因此,易损性斑块检测、影响因素及治疗方法的选择具有重要意义,现就有关颈动脉易损斑块的检测及其对颈动脉斑块易损性的影响进行综述。     

颈动脉粥样硬化易损斑块影像学诊断研究进展

缺血性脑卒中具有较高的发病率、致残率、死亡率及高复发率,颈动脉易损斑块是其主要原因。因此早期正确诊断易损斑块,对于急性脑卒中的防治具有重大意义。该文从超声、CT、MRI、脑血管造影等方面对易损斑块的诊断进展进行综述。     

股总动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性、颈动脉内中膜厚度联合血清sdLDL-C检测对脑卒中复发的预测效能

目的 探讨脑卒中患者股总动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性、颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）联合血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（sdLDL-C）预测脑卒中复发的效能。方法 选取111例脑卒中患者,根据出院后3个月内脑卒中是否复发,将患者分为复发组20例和未复发组91例。比较两组出院时的股总动脉斑块易损评分、颈动脉IMT、sdLDL-C、90 d复发风险评估量表（RRE-90）评分,采用Pearson分析RRE-90评分与股总动脉斑块易损评分、颈动脉IMT、血清sdLDL-C的相关性,采用偏相关性分析脑卒中复发的相关影响因素,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）及ROC下面积（AUC）分析股总动脉斑块易损评分、颈动脉IMT、血清sdLDL-C预测脑卒中复发风险的效能。结果 复发组出院时的RRE-90评分、股总动脉斑块易损评分、颈动脉IMT、血清sdLDL-C均高于未复发组（P均<0.05）;RRE-90评分与股总动脉斑块易损评分、颈动脉IMT、血清sdLDL-C呈正相关（r分别为0.816、0.857、0.749,P均<0.05）;股总动脉斑块易损评分、颈动脉IMT、血清sdLDL-C预测复发的AU...     

颈动脉易损斑块对缺血性脑卒中预后的影响

目的探讨颈动脉易损斑块与缺血性脑卒中预后的关系。方法经头颅MRI证实的首发或再发缺血性脑卒中患者152例,根据诊断分为易损斑块组56例,非易损斑块组96例,并进行CT血管成像联合颈动脉超声检查,分析斑块性质、形态,发病后根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分对患者的神经功能缺损情况进行评估,采用改良的Rankin残障量表(mRS)评估预后,评估各项危险因素,动态观察其入院后7、14、30d时NIHSS评分、mRS评分、梗死灶体积,观察分析患者的脑血管事件。结果与非易损斑块组比较,易损斑块组7、14、30d NIHSS评分及mRS评分所占比例明显增高,大面积脑梗死体积明显增多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,颈动脉易损斑块与缺血性脑卒中预后密切相关;NIHSS评分、高敏C反应蛋白、年龄与缺血性脑卒中预后相关。结论缺血性脑卒中易损斑块患者病情重、预后不良,动态观察易损斑块与缺血性脑卒中预后的病情变化程度能够更充分的预测脑卒中的预后。     

与不稳定性动脉粥样硬化斑块相关的生物学标志物

颈动脉易损斑块破裂和粥样碎片的远端栓塞是颈动脉粥样硬化性卒中最主要的发病机制.与易损斑块相关的血清学(和血浆)标志物在此过程中发生明显变化,表现出各自不同的意义,对此方面的研究正处于初期阶段,仍然需进一步证实.文章对这些生物学标志物与易损斑块和缺血性脑血管病相关性研究的进展做了综述,并对其中一部分生物学标志物的临床应用前景做了简要介绍.     

颈动脉超声检查在缺血性脑卒中患者中的应用价值

目的：探讨颈动脉超声检查在缺血性脑卒中患者中的应用价值。方法选取2013年6—12月在我院接受颈动脉超声检查的缺血性脑卒中患者83例为观察组,同期在我院体检健康者50例为对照组。两组受试者均接受颈动脉超声检查,观察颈动脉狭窄情况、颈动脉中层内膜厚度及斑块性质等。结果对照组受试者中发现颈动脉狭窄9例（18.0％）,颈动脉内膜增厚2例（4.0％）,未发现易损斑块;观察组患者中发现颈动脉狭窄47例（56.6％）,颈动脉内膜增厚35例（42.2％）,易损斑块31例（37.3％）。观察组颈动脉狭窄、颈动脉内膜增厚及易损斑块检出率均高于对照组（ P＜0.05）。结论颈动脉超声检查对缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉异常检出率较高,对缺血性脑卒中有一定的早期筛查价值。     

颈动脉超声检查在缺血性脑卒中患者中的应用价值

目的：探讨颈动脉超声检查在缺血性脑卒中患者中的应用价值。方法选取2013年6—12月在我院接受颈动脉超声检查的缺血性脑卒中患者83例为观察组,同期在我院体检健康者50例为对照组。两组受试者均接受颈动脉超声检查,观察颈动脉狭窄情况、颈动脉中层内膜厚度及斑块性质等。结果对照组受试者中发现颈动脉狭窄9例（18.0％）,颈动脉内膜增厚2例（4.0％）,未发现易损斑块;观察组患者中发现颈动脉狭窄47例（56.6％）,颈动脉内膜增厚35例（42.2％）,易损斑块31例（37.3％）。观察组颈动脉狭窄、颈动脉内膜增厚及易损斑块检出率均高于对照组（ P＜0.05）。结论颈动脉超声检查对缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉异常检出率较高,对缺血性脑卒中有一定的早期筛查价值。     

超声评价颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性进展

<正>冠心病和缺血性脑卒中的主要病因是动脉粥样硬化,动脉粥样硬化斑块因破裂或糜烂导致血栓形成,是严重心脑血管事件发生的主要机制。易于破裂并导致血栓形成的斑块,称之为"易损斑块"。颈动脉相对于冠状动脉而言,位置表浅且运动较少,因此,很多研究选用颈动脉作为研究易损     

The role of carotid plaque vulnerability and inflammation in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidences show that disruption of carotid plaque followed by arterio-arterial thromboembolism is an important mechanism in the generation of ischemic stroke. Inflammatory mechanisms play a key role in transforming structurally vulnerable plaques into functionally unstable ones. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the roles of carotid plaque vulnerability and inflammation in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with acute ischemic stroke affecting the anterior circulation (stroke group) and 44 with asymptomatic carotid stenosis (asymptomatic group) were investigated. Duplex ultrasonography was used to evaluate the characteristics of carotid plaque and grading the degree of carotid stenosis. Plaque echogenicity was assessed as echolucent, predominantly echolucent, predominantly echogenic, or echogenic. Plaque surface was classified as smooth, irregular, or ulcerated. All subjects had duplex-determined 50% to 99% carotid stenosis. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured. RESULTS: Plaques in the stroke group were echolucent or predominantly echolucent, whereas those of the asymptomatic group were predominantly echogenic or echogenic plaques (P<0.05). Irregular and ulcerated plaques were frequently found in stroke patients, while smooth plaques were frequently detected in asymptomatic patients (P<0.05). Serum levels of MMP-9, sCD40L, hsCRP were higher in stroke than in asymptomatic patients. By contrast, serum TIMP-1 levels were significantly higher in the asymptomatic than in the stroke group. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that inflammation plays a crucial role in carotid plaque vulnerability and, together with carotid plaque morphology, in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke.     

头颈动脉粥样硬化的计算流体力学研究进展

颅内动脉粥样硬化和颈动脉粥样硬化是缺血性卒中的主要原因.动脉粥样硬化是一种全身性的炎性反应,其形成原因十分复杂,目前大多数研究认为其形成和发展与血流动力学因素密切相关.计算流体力学可以模拟人体血液流动,得到血流动力学参数,通过进一步与临床、形态学等信息结合,揭示可能影响动脉粥样硬化进展的力学相关因素.该文通过回顾近年来...     

Carotid Plaque Characteristics Predict Recurrent Ischemic Stroke and TIA: The PARISK (Plaque At RISK) Study

BackgroundPatients with symptomatic carotid stenosis are at high risk for recurrent stroke. The decision for carotid endarterectomy currently mainly relies on degree of stenosis (cutoff value >50% or 70%). Nevertheless, also, patients with mild-to-moderate stenosis still have a considerable recurrent stroke risk. Increasing evidence suggests that carotid plaque composition rather than degree of stenosis determines plaque vulnerability; however, it remains unclear whether this also provides additional information to improve clinical decision making.ObjectivesThe PARISK (Plaque At RISK) study aimed to improve the identification of patients at increased risk of recurrent ischemic stroke using multimodality carotid imaging.MethodsThe authors included 244 patients (71% men; mean age, 68 years) with a recent symptomatic mild-to-moderate carotid stenosis in a prospective multicenter cohort study. Magnetic resonance imaging (carotid and brain) and computed tomography angiography (carotid) were performed at baseline and after 2 years. The clinical endpoint was a recurrent ipsilateral ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess whether intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), ulceration, proportion of calcifications, and total plaque volume in ipsilateral carotid plaques were associated with the endpoint. Next, the authors investigated the predictive performance of these imaging biomarkers by adding these markers (separately and simultaneously) to the ECST (European Carotid Surgery Trial) risk score.ResultsDuring 5.1 years follow-up, 37 patients reached the clinical endpoint. IPH presence and total plaque volume were associated with recurrent ipsilateral ischemic stroke or TIA (HR: 2.12 [95% CI: 1.02-4.44] for IPH; HR: 1.07 [95% CI: 1.00-1.15] for total plaque volume per 100 µL increase). Ulcerations and proportion of calcifications were not statistically significant determinants. Addition of IPH and total plaque volume to the ECST risk score improved the model performance (C-statistics increased from 0.67 to 0.75-0.78).ConclusionsIPH and total plaque volume are independent risk factors for recurrent ipsilateral ischemic stroke or TIA in patients with mild-to-moderate carotid stenosis. These plaque characteristics improve current decision making. Validation studies to implement plaque characteristics in clinical scoring tools are needed. (PARISK: Validation of Imaging Techniques [PARISK]; NCT01208025)     

磁共振成像在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者中的应用

颈动脉粥样硬化是缺血性卒中的主要病因.了解颈动脉斑块的组成成分和预防斑块破裂,对于降低缺血性卒中风险具有重要的意义.MRI具有无创、无电离辐射且重复性好等优点,是最具潜力的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成像手段之一.文章就MRI在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成像中的应用做了综述.     

磁共振成像在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者中的应用

颈动脉粥样硬化是缺血性卒中的主要病因.了解颈动脉斑块的组成成分和预防斑块破裂,对于降低缺血性卒中风险具有重要的意义.MRI具有无创、无电离辐射且重复性好等优点,是最具潜力的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成像手段之一.文章就MRI在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成像中的应用做了综述.     

磁共振成像在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者中的应用

颈动脉粥样硬化是缺血性卒中的主要病因.了解颈动脉斑块的组成成分和预防斑块破裂,对于降低缺血性卒中风险具有重要的意义.MRI具有无创、无电离辐射且重复性好等优点,是最具潜力的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成像手段之一.文章就MRI在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成像中的应用做了综述.     

磁共振成像在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者中的应用

颈动脉粥样硬化是缺血性卒中的主要病因.了解颈动脉斑块的组成成分和预防斑块破裂,对于降低缺血性卒中风险具有重要的意义.MRI具有无创、无电离辐射且重复性好等优点,是最具潜力的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成像手段之一.文章就MRI在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成像中的应用做了综述.     

磁共振成像在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者中的应用

颈动脉粥样硬化是缺血性卒中的主要病因.了解颈动脉斑块的组成成分和预防斑块破裂,对于降低缺血性卒中风险具有重要的意义.MRI具有无创、无电离辐射且重复性好等优点,是最具潜力的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成像手段之一.文章就MRI在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成像中的应用做了综述.     

磁共振成像在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者中的应用

颈动脉粥样硬化是缺血性卒中的主要病因.了解颈动脉斑块的组成成分和预防斑块破裂,对于降低缺血性卒中风险具有重要的意义.MRI具有无创、无电离辐射且重复性好等优点,是最具潜力的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成像手段之一.文章就MRI在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成像中的应用做了综述.