慢性心衰居家康复护理的远期效果研究

目的 探讨居家心脏康复护理模式在慢性心衰患者中的应用效果.方法 将156例心衰患者随机分为干预组78例和对照组78例.对照组接受常规住院康复指导;干预组按家庭心脏康复模式进行健康指导,以身体康复锻炼和心理放松训练为主要内容.出院后随访1年,比较两组患者心功能状况、心血管危险因素改善情况及再入院率.结果 干预组心功能状况及部分心血管危险因素改善情况与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,再入院率低（P＜0.01）.结论 将家庭心脏康复模式应用于心衰出院患者,可促进其康复,降低再入院率.     

氯沙坦对慢性心力衰竭病人心肾功能的影响

目的 探讨氯沙坦对慢性心力衰竭病人心肾功能的影响。方法 慢性心力衰竭病人65例,常规治疗组35例,氯沙坦组30例,连续治疗8周。治疗前、后,抽静脉血、留尿,采用免疫比浊法测定血清胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白水平,酶联免疫分析法测定尿水通道蛋白-2浓度,超声心动图检测病人心脏收缩功能。结果 与常规治疗组比较,氯沙坦组病人左心室舒张末期内径显著下降,而左心室射血分数、左心室短轴缩短率显著升高;血清胱抑素C、尿微量白蛋白、水通道蛋白-2较常规治疗组显著下降。结论 氯沙坦可改善慢性心力衰竭病人的心功能和肾功能。     

Current concept in the diagnosis,treatment and rehabilitation of patients with congestive heart failure

Heart failure(HF) is a major public health problem with a prevalence of 1%-2% in developed countries. The underlying pathophysiology of HF is complex and as a clinical syndrome is characterized by various symptoms and signs. HF is classified according to left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and falls into three groups: LVEF ≥ 50%-HF with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF), LVEF 40%-HF with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF), LVEF 40%-49%-HF with mid-range ejection fraction. Diagnosing HF is primarily a clinical approach and it is based on anamnesis, physical examination, echocardiogram, radiological findings of the heart and lungs and laboratory tests, including a specific markers of HF-brain natriuretic peptide or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide as well as other diagnostic tests in order to elucidate possible etiologies. Updated diagnostic algorithms for HFpEF have been recommended(H2 FPEF, HFA-PEFF). New therapeutic options improve clinical outcomes as well as functional status in patients with HFrEF(e.g., sodium-glucose cotransporter-2-SGLT2 inhibitors) and such progress in treatment of HFrEF patients resulted in new working definition of the term "HF with recovered left ventricular ejection fraction". In line with rapid development of HF treatment, cardiac rehabilitation becomes an increasingly important part of overall approach to patients with chronic HF for it has been proven that exercise training can relieve symptoms, improve exercise capacity and quality of life as well as reduce disability and hospitalization rates. We gave an overview of latest insights in HF diagnosis and treatment with special emphasize on the important role of cardiac rehabilitation in such patients.     

心区交感神经阻滞对扩张型心肌病严重心力衰竭疗效观察

目的观察心区交感神经阻滞对扩张型心肌病严重心力衰竭患者心脏功能的影响。方法随机选取扩张型心肌病严重心力衰竭患者39名,分为对照组和治疗组。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的同时进行心区交感神经阻滞(胸1-5),0.5%利多卡因每2小时经胸段硬膜外导管推注1次(除夜间睡眠外)。所有患者于治疗前和治疗后1个月进行心脏彩超检查,测量左心室射血分数(EF),短轴缩短率(FS),二尖瓣关闭时间和左心室射血时间,计算心肌功能指数(MPI),比较治疗前后心功能分级和上述指标的变化。结果治疗后对照组与治疗组的心功能分级均明显改善,但治疗组心功能分级好于对照组(2.13±0.63,2.88±0.62,P< 0.01);治疗后治疗组心功能分级差值明显大于对照组(1.74±0.54,1.06±0.68,P< 0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗后治疗组左心室射血时间、EF和FS均显著增加,MPI明显降低(0.71±0.23,0.55±0.35,P< 0.05),而对照组上述指标均无显著变化。结论心区交感神经阻滞能显著改善扩张型心肌病严重心力衰竭患者,左心室功能;对心功能分级改善的程度优于常规治疗。     

卡维地洛对充血性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响

目的　探讨卡维地洛对充血性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响。　方法　充血性心力衰竭患者 6 2例(其中扩张性心肌病心力衰竭患者 15例 ,缺血性心脏病心力衰竭患者 4 7例 ) ,左室射血分数 (LVEF)≤ 4 0 % ,心功能(NYHA)Ⅱ～Ⅳ级 ,常规治疗 (洋地黄 ,利尿剂 ,ACEI)基础上随机分为卡维地洛试验组和安慰剂对照组。应用心脏彩色超声仪测定治疗前及治疗后 1个月 ,3个月左室结构和功能指标的变化。观察卡维地洛治疗三个月后对心功能的影响。　结果　卡维地洛平均用量为 2 1 1mg d± 9 6mg d。经过 3个月治疗 ,试验组症状和心功能改善 ,与对照组比较左室射血分数上升 (P <0 0 0 2 ) ,左室收缩末容积下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ;左室舒张末容积与对照组比较虽无统计学差异但与治疗前比较亦明显下降 (P <0 0 5 )。　结论　在洋地黄、利尿剂、ACEI的治疗基础上 ,应用卡维地洛能显著改善充血性心力衰竭患者的心功能 ,改善心室结构 ,且疗效与应用剂量无关。     

Malignant link between chronic heart failure and acute cardiac decompensation in patients with persistently increased serum concentrations of cardiac troponin

During the progression of heart failure (HF), phases of chronic compensation and acute decompensation alternate and the clinical status worsens during the acute phase. At the present time, few studies have focused their attention on the cycles of compensated and decompensated phases from the perspective of myocyte injury. We hypothesize that persistently increased serum cTn concentrations during chronic compensated HF identify patients likely to need multiple admissions to the hospital for management of acute cardiac decompensation, worsening their long-term prognosis by causing further myocyte injury during the acute phase. In patients with acute cardiac decompensation, myocyte injury observed within hours or days has a long-term predictive value, and the acute surge of myocyte injury occurring in the acutely decompensated phase might be an important therapeutic target from the perspective of myocyte preservation. Clinical trials that limit myocyte injury during acutely decompensated as well as during chronic compensated HF are warranted.     

心肺一体化心脏康复在高龄老年慢性心力衰竭患者中的临床疗效研究

摘要】目的：研究心肺一体化心脏康复在高龄老年（年龄≥75岁）慢性心力衰竭患者中的临床疗效。方法：选取2018年9月～2019年7月在我院治疗,符合入选标准和排除标准的125例高龄老年慢性心力衰竭患者,随机分为对照组64例和研究组61例,均签署知情同意书。研究组在充分的内科治疗基础上,给予个体化的心肺一体化心脏康复训练,运动评估采用无创血流动力学监测下的6分钟步行试验。比较对照组和研究组急性心力衰竭发生情况,比较研究组心肺一体化心脏康复训练前和训练3个月后的6分钟步行试验的步行距离和峰值每搏输出量、峰值每分输出量和总外周血管阻力,以及生活质量量表SF-36的评分。结果：个体化的心肺一体化心脏康复训练能够显著提高患者的6分钟步行实验的步行距离、峰值每搏输出量和每分输出量、降低总外周血管阻力（P均＜0.05）;能够显著提高SF-36的评分。结论：个体化心肺一体化心脏康复训练能够提高患者的运动能力和运动心功能,提升患者生活质量,有良好的临床效果。可为我国开展高龄老年心脏康复提供借鉴和参考。 关键词：高龄老年人,心脏康复,慢性心力衰竭     

心脏再同步治疗是慢性心力衰竭伴心脏收缩不同步患者治疗的希望所在

慢性心力衰竭是各种心脏病发展的严重阶段,是目前心脏病学尚未解决的难题之一。超过4000例患者的随机临床研究业已证实,心脏再同步治疗（CRT）不仅能改善心力衰竭患者运动耐量、生活质量,而且能逆转心肌重构,降低病死率。CRT正在成为慢性心力衰竭患者的常规治疗方法,但临床实践仍有许多值得探讨的问题。     

Effect of flosequinan on exercise capacity and cardiac function in patients with chronic mild heart failure: A double-blind placebo-controlled study

Summary Although beneficial effects of a new vasodilating agent, flosequinan, have been demonstrated in patients with severe heart failure, its efficacy has not been studied in patients with a less severe form of chronic heart failure. In this study, the effects of 4 weeks' administration of flosequinan, 50mg daily, and placebo on exercise capacity, cardiac function, and symptoms of heart failure were investigated in 24 patients with chronic mild heart failure (New York Heart Association functional class, mainly class II) in a double-blind clinical trial. When the parameter changes during the treatment period of the flosequinan and placebo groups were compared, no significant difference was found in any of the measurements except for left ventricular fractional shortening determined from M-mode echocardiograms; it was increased by 2.9 ± 1.3% in the flosequinan group whereas it was decreased by 1.3 ± 0.9% in the placebo group (P < 0.05 vs flosequinan treatment). However, when compared to baseline values, flosequinan significantly increased exercise time in the symptom-limited maximal exercise test (704 ± 103 to 763 ± 107 s,P < 0.05) and the oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold (13.8 ± 1.3 to 16.7 ± 1.4ml/min kg,P < 0.05), and improved symptoms assessed with a new heart failure severity classification (a median value of 2.0–1.5,P < 0.05). These improvements were not observed in the placebo group. Serious adverse effects were not observed in either group. These results suggest that flosequinan is useful for the treatment of chronic mild heart failure as well as severe heart failure.Authors for the Osaka Flosequinan Multicenter Trial Group, members of which are listed in the Appendix     

慢性心力衰竭患者血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ与心肌重构的相关性研究

目的研究慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）与心肌重构的相关性.方法入选失代偿性CHF患者120例,根据血清cTnI浓度水平分为：cTnI正常组（n=80）和cTnI升高组（n=40）.以左心房直径（LAd）、左心室直径（LVd）、室间隔厚度（IVS）、左室后壁厚度（LVPW）作为心脏结构改变指标,左室射血分数（LVEF）、E峰和A峰比值（E/A值）作为心脏功能指标,对上述指标进行组间比较.结果与cTnI正常组相比,cTnI升高组的LAd、LVd显著增高（P〈0.05）;而IVS、LVPW、LVEF、E/A值显著降低（P〈0.05）.相关分析显示：血清cTnI含量与LAd、LVd呈正相关（P〈0.05）,与IVS、LVPW、LVEF、E/A呈负相关（P〈0.05）,经性别、心衰病史、心功能分级与药物治疗校正后,上述相关性仍然存在,并具有统计学意义.进一步行多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示：LAd、LVd和心衰病史与cTnI升高呈正相关;而血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）治疗与cTnI升高呈负相关.结论血清cTnI浓度与心衰患者心肌重构及心功能具有显著相关性,此相关性可不依赖于年龄、性别、心衰病史、NYHA心功能分级和药物治疗而独立存在.监测心力衰竭患者血清cTnI浓度并采取相应的措施降低血清cTnI水平,对临床治疗和预防心力衰竭进展具有重要意义.     

心脏再同步化治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效

目的观察心脏再同步化治疗对慢性心力衰竭患者改善心功能和逆转左心室重构的作用。方法11例慢性心力衰竭患者接受心脏再同步化治疗,心功能NYHA分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级,左室射血分数≤35%,伴QRS波时限≥130ms。随访1～36个月,观察和分析术前、术后相关参数的基准水平及参数基准水平的变量。结果心脏再同步化治疗后1～36个月,左心室射血分数、左心室短轴缩短率增加,左心室舒张末内径、二尖瓣返流、QRS波时限减少,NYHA分级提高到Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,6min步行距离明显增加。结论对于心功能NYHA分级Ⅲ级或Ⅳ级伴有室内传导阻滞的心力衰竭患者,心脏再同步化治疗能逆转左心室重构,改善心功能。     

慢性心力衰竭患者血清肌钙蛋白I与心肌重构的相关性研究

目的研究慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)与心肌重构的相关性。方法入选失代偿性CHF患者120例,根据血清cTnI浓度水平分为cTnI正常组(n=80)和cTnI升高组(n=40)。以左心房直径(LAd)、左心室直径(LVd)、室间隔厚度(IVS)、左室后壁厚度(LVPW)作为心脏结构改变指标,左室射血分数(LVEF)、E峰和A峰比值(E/A值)作为心脏功能指标,对上述指标进行组间比较。结果与cTnI正常组相比,cTnI升高组的LAd、LVd显著增高(P<0.05);而IVS、LVPW、LVEF、E/A值显著降低(P<0.05)。相关分析显示血清cTnI含量与LAd、LVd呈正相关(P<0.05),与IVS、LVPW、LVEF、E/A呈负相关(P<0.05),经性别、心衰病史、心功能分级与药物治疗校正后,上述相关性仍然存在,并具有统计学意义。进一步行多因素logistic回归分析,结果显示LAd、LVd和心衰病史与cTnI升高呈正相关;而血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)治疗与cTnI升高呈负相关。结论血清cTnI浓度与心衰患者心肌重构及心功能具有显著相关性,此相关性可不依赖于年龄、性别、心衰病史、NYHA心功能分级和药物治疗而独立存在。监测心力衰竭患者血清cTnI浓度并采取相应的措施降低血清cTnI水平,对临床治疗和预防心力衰竭进展具有重要意义。     

心脏再同步化治疗慢性心力衰竭伴持续性心房颤动的疗效

目的评价心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)慢性心力衰竭(简称心衰)合并持续性心房颤动(简称房颤)患者的临床疗效。方法选择慢性心衰患者53例,其中42例窦性心律患者及11例房颤患者接受双心室起搏治疗,术后3个月进行随访,观察患者的心功能分级,6 min步行距离,超声心动图测定各房室腔内径大小、左室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣返流以及速度向量成像超声评价同步性参数的变化。结果 53例三腔起搏器置入术均取得成功。与术前相比,术后3个月房颤CRT患者心功能分级(2.30±0.47级vs 3.0±0.02级)、左房内径(44.9±3.8 mm vs52.2±4.2 mm,P<0.05),LVEF(0.43±0.02 vs 0.32±0.03)及二尖瓣返流(1.5±0.2 vs 3.18±1.75,P<0.01)均有明显改善,速度向量成像超声结果显示,室内不同步较术前有明显改善。窦性心律患者术后各项心功能及不同步指标较术前亦有明显改善,与房颤CRT患者比较差异无显著性。结论对于慢性心衰合并持续性房颤患者,CRT与窦性心律一样可以改善心功能。     

影响慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步化治疗效果的因素分析

目的 观察慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步化治疗(cardiac resynchronization therapy,CRT)的临床疗效,比较CRT有反应和无反应患者的临床特征,分析不同因素对CRT反应及预后的影响.方法 选取在浙江大学医学院附属第二医院心血管内科成功置入CRT-P/D的慢性心力衰竭患者204例,收集术前临床资料、手术资料及术后随访资料,结合手术前后临床症状及超声心动图参数的改善,评估CRT疗效.比较有反应和无反应患者的临床特征,并通过多因素回归分析及生存分析比较不同因素对CRT反应及预后的影响.结果 纳入研究者共204例,其中男性130例,女性74例,平均年龄(64.8±11.9)岁,随访6～60个月.CRT有反应者125例(61.3％).有反应的患者中,女性、QRS波时限≥150 ms及QRS波形态呈完全性左束支传导阻滞(CLBBB)者所占比例分别为41.6％ (52/125)、58.4％(73/125)、65.6％(82/125),明显高于CRT无反应的患者(P＜0.05).多因素回归分析显示,QRS波时限≥150 ms是CRT有反应的唯一独立预测因子.Kaplan-Meier法分析显示CRT有反应的患者生存率高于无反应的患者(P＜0.001).结论 临床特征,包括女性、QRS波时限≥150 ms及CLBBB,与CRT反应密切相关,其中QRS波时限≥150 ms能独立预测CRT有反应.CRT有反应的患者预后优于无反应的患者.     

慢性心衰患者炎症细胞因子表达及其与心功能的关系

目的观察慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者外周血炎症细胞因子白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、纤维蛋白原（FG）、超敏C-反应蛋白（hs—CRP）水平变化及其与心功能状况的关系。方法选择60例CHF患者为病例组,包括冠心病30例、高血压性心脏病14例、心肌病16例（扩张型心肌病10例、肥厚型心肌病6例）。另外选择40例年龄、性别与病例组相匹配的健康受试者作为对照组。所有受试者均测定外周血IL-1β、IL-6、TNF—α、FG、hs—CRP水平和血脂（TC、TG、LDL—C、HDL—C）,同时询问吸烟史、高血压病史及糖尿病史。CHF患者评估NYHA心功能分级。结果CHF患者外周血炎症细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF—α、FG、hs—CRP水平显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）;不同病因心衰患者间IL-1β、IL-6、TNF—α、FG、hs—CRP水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;不同NYHA心功能分级组间IL-18、IL-6、TNF—α、FG、hs—CRP水平差异存在统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论CHF患者外周血炎症细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF—α、FG、hs—CRP水平显著高于对照组,不同NYHA心功能分级组间IL-1β、IL-6、TNF—α、FG、hs—CRP水平差异存在统计学意义。它们之间可能有相互作用,共同参与CHF的发病机制。     

慢性心力衰竭患者肾功能恶化的危险因素分析

目的 研究慢性心力衰竭(心衰)患者肾功能恶化的危险因素及其对预后的影响.方法 采用病例对照研究方法,分析与肾功能恶化发生有统计学关联的独立危险因素,同时观察肾功能恶化对预后的影响.结果 住院心衰患者肾功能恶化发生率31%,入院肌酐水平及心功能分级与肾功能恶化的发生独立相关,OR值分别为2.248(95%CI1.088～4.647,P=0.029)和2.485(95%CI1.385～4.459.P＝0.002).发生肾功能恶化的患者住院期间病死率明显高于对照组(16.7%比2.1%,P=0.000),调整混杂因素后,肾功能恶化是死亡的独立危险因素,OR值3.824(95%CI2.452～5.137.P＜0.015).结论 肾功能恶化在住院心衰患者中发生率较高,与住院期间病死率明显相关.入院肌酐水平偏高及心功能差为发生肾功能恶化的独立危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the risk factors of worsening renal function (WRF) in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF) and WRF influence on prognosis. Methods A case-control study were undertaken to analyze independent risk factor statistically related to incidence of WRF, and to assess the influence of WRF on prognosis. Results The independent predictors of WRF were creatinine level at admission (OR 2.248,95% CI 1.088-4.647, P = 0.029) and NYHA class on admission ( OR 2.485, 95% CI 1.3854. 459, P = 0.002). The mortality of patient with WRF was obviously higher than that of control group during hospitalization( OR 3. 824,95% CI 2. 452-5. 637 ,P ＜0.015). Conclusions WRF is a common complication among patients hospitalized for CHF, and is obviously associated with mortality during hospitalization. Higher creatinine level and weak heart function are independent risk factors for incidence of WRF of patients with CHF.     

运动锻炼为核心的家庭心脏康复项目对慢性心力衰竭患者康复治疗效果影响的临床研究

目的 探讨运动锻炼为核心的家庭心脏康复项目对慢性心力衰竭（chronic heart failure, CHF）患者心脏康复治疗效果的影响。方法 选择2015年1月至2019年1月间在北京康复医院临床诊断为CHF患者48 例,随机分为四组：对照组（12例）：进行除运动锻炼治疗之外的常规心脏康复指导;医院功率车组（12例）;家庭功率车组（12例）：患者分别在医院和家庭内进行功率车锻炼;家庭普通运动组（12例）：家庭内运动,运动方式可采用游泳、慢跑、快走、骑自行车等方式。三组运动组患者采用12周运动锻炼为核心的整体管理。治疗前、后分别评估患者运动心肺功能、心脏超声、6 min步行距离（6 minute walking distance, 6MWD）、Minnesota心力衰竭生活质量（quality of life, QoL）评分等。结果 12周康复治疗后,医院功率车组、家庭功率车组和家庭普通运动组患者峰值摄氧量［（19.5±4.4）ml·min-1·kg-1、（18.5±3.1）ml·min-1·kg-1、（17.0±1.9）ml·min-1·kg-1比（13.2±2.0）ml·min-1·kg-1,P<0.05］、左心室射血分数［（44.6±3.9）%、（44.3±8.7）%、（43.6±5.0）%比（37.8±5.7）%,P<0.05］和6MWD［（502.6±95.8）m、（482.1±54.5）m、（448.4±51.6）m比（383.5±77.1）m,P<0.05］均较对照组明显升高;同时QoL评分［14.8±7.9、12.9±6.8、19.1±8.7比43.2±10.8,P<0.05］均较对照组明显降低。组间比较显示,家庭普通运动组患者峰值摄氧量较医院功率车组降低（P<0.05）。治疗前后比较显示,12周康复管理后,医院、家庭功率车组和家庭普通运动组患者峰值摄氧量、左心室射血分数和6MWD均比治疗前升高（P<0.05）,QoL评分较治疗前降低（P<0.05）。结论 家庭运动康复为核心的整体管理,包括功率车和普通运动,可显著改善CHF患者心肺功能、运动耐力和生活质量,家庭康复作为心脏康复一种有效的治疗模式,值得大力推广。     

Repolarization changes in patients with heart failure receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy-signs of cardiac memory

Background and Purpose

Cardiac memory is known as T-wave inversions and other repolarization changes after a period of altered ventricular activation, previously mainly studied in structurally normal hearts. We investigated repolarization changes in failing hearts undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).

Methods

Electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram were recorded before and 1 day and 2 weeks after initiation of CRT in 23 patients with heart failure and left bundle-branch block.

Results

After 1 day of CRT, the T vector during intrinsic conduction (left bundle-branch block) had rotated toward the direction of the paced QRS vector; T-vector size had increased with further increase after 2 weeks (T-vector amplitude, 889 ± 277 vs 651 ± 225 μV; T area, 169 ± 70 vs 102 ± 39 μVs; P < .01) accompanied by prolonged repolarization (T peak-to-end, 174 ± 34 vs 127 ± 16; QT interval corrected for heart rate, 541 ± 59 vs 493 ± 33 milliseconds; P < .01).

Conclusions

Repolarization changes are present in patients with heart failure, although less pronounced compared with after right ventricular pacing in structurally normal hearts.