Unusual presentation of an appendiceal malignancy

Primary malignant epithelial tumors of the appendix are uncommon. The most common presentation of appendiceal malignancy is right lower abdominal pain suggestive of acute appendicitis. Presentation caused by loco-regional spread with involvement of neighboring organs is rare. We present the case of a 48-year-old woman with an appendiceal malignancy who presented with symptoms and signs suggestive of complicated diverticular disease with an enterovaginal fistula. From a review of the literature, this is the first report of an appendiceal malignancy presenting in this manner.     

Solitary, late metastatic recurrence of renal cell carcinoma: Two extraordinary cases

Late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been well documented in the literature. We present two extraordinary cases of solitary, late metastatic recurrence of RCC. The first is a case of a solitary, adrenal metastasis excised 38 years after nephrectomy and the second is a case in which two solitary metastatic deposits were resected 14 and 26 years after excision of the primary tumor. In each of these patients the solitary metastases were initially believed to be primary tumors at other sites; however, on histological examination they were found to be metastatic RCC recurrences. In patients with a previous history of RCC presenting with apparently new solitary lesions, metastatic RCC must first be excluded.     

Rapid recurrence of ANCA-negative pauci-immune vasculitis after cadaveric renal transplantation

We report a patient with renal failure secondary to antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-negative pauci-immune systemic vasculitis who developed rapid recurrence of vasculitis involving skin, eye, and kidney allograft 1 month after cadaveric renal transplant while being maintained on cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone. Despite early institution of aggressive treatment with plasma exchange, the disease remained uncontrolled and resulted in substantial morbidity and subsequent graft failure within 1 year post-transplantation. This case confirms that ANCA-negative vasculitides may recur in transplanted patients taking mycophenolate mofetil. Transplantation is contraindicated when active disease is evident. © 2001 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.     

早期非小细胞肺癌完全性切除术5年后的晚期复发

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌( NSCLC)手术5年后无复发患者晚期复发的风险和意义.方法 以496例行完全性切除术的Ⅰ期、ⅡA期的非小细胞肺癌患者为研究对象,于术后前2年每3个月至门诊复查1次,2年后每6个月复查1次.包括查体、影像学检查和检查肿瘤标志物,必要时进行病理学检查.5年无复发者336例继续随访3年,并收集相关的临床、病理资料,主要观察终点是肺癌复发,数据收集至2011年1月.采用Kaplan-Meier法估算无复发生存率,Log-rank法进行生存率显著性检验,应用Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析探讨晚期复发与危险因素之间的关系.结果 496例患者术后5年109例死于肺癌复发,33例死于其他原因,18例带瘤生存,336例无复发.无复发者继续随访3～36个月,中位27个月.随访期中34例(10.1％)发生晚期复发,局部复发(纵隔淋巴结复发6例、同侧肺复发3例、胸膜播散2例、其他2例)13例(38.2％),远处转移(多器官转移8例、单器官转移13例中对侧肺脏5例、肝脏3例、中枢神经2例、其他3例)21例(61.8％).单因素分析发现吸烟、癌胚抗原、分化程度、瘤内淋巴管浸润、瘤内血管浸润、胸膜受累和病理分期是影响3年无复发生存率的因素.多因素分析显示瘤内血管浸润和瘤内淋巴管浸润是影响晚期复发的独立危险因素.结论 完全性切除术5年后的NSCLC患者仍存在晚期复发风险,尤其是有瘤内血管浸润和淋巴管浸润的患者,对于该类患者术后5年继续随访是有必要和有意义的.     

Solitary floating vena caval thrombus as a late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma

We report an unusual case of solitary thrombus floating in the inferior vena cava (IVC) in a patient who underwent radical nephrectomy for a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the right kidney extended into the renal vein with no capsular and perinephric tissue invasion (pT3b). Twenty months after surgery, a routine computed tomography scan identified an intraluminal mass floating in the IVC. Cavotomy and thrombectomy with no caval resection were successfully performed. A review of the literature showed only three previous published cases of RCC recurring in the IVC only, with no local recurrence or distant metastases. We outline the possible etiology of these unusual and solitary recurrences in the IVC and we emphasize the need for a strict surveillance for all patients with RCC and especially for those with pT1b, pT2 and pT3 disease. An early diagnosis of this rare recurrence can permit an easy removal of the thrombus with no caval resection and graft replacement, making this disease potentially curable by surgery.     

肾癌肾部分切除术后局部复发的临床分析

目的 探讨肾癌肾部分切除术后局部复发的临床特点,对比手术及靶向药物治疗的预后。方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2019年12月于武汉大学人民医院泌尿外科行肾癌肾部分切除术875例,术后局部复发的19例肾癌患者病历及随访资料。男10例,女9例;中位年龄55(28～72)岁。患者首次复发中位间隔时间为18(3～54)个月。pT_1a期6例,pT_1b期12例,T₂期1例。FuhrmanⅠ～Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级10例,Ⅳ级4例。初次手术入路方式：腹腔镜12例,开放7例。二次治疗方式：手术+靶向药物治疗11例,单纯靶向药物治疗8例。二次手术采用腹腔镜手术3例,开放手术8例;重复肾部分切除2例,根治性肾切除9例。结果 PN患者首次复发率为2.2%(19/875),二次手术复发率为36.4%(4/11)。本研究11例二次手术患者中位手术时间215(105～270) min。中位出血量270(100～1 800) ml。术后并发症Ⅰ级5例,Ⅱ级3例,治疗后好转。13例患者(68.4%)出现舒尼替尼副反应,调整用药后好转。19例患者中位随访时间2...     

Full-thickness chest wall resection for recurrence of breast malignancy

We present outcomes in 13 consecutive patients with solitary, local chest wall recurrence subsequent to mastectomy for breast malignancy who were operated on in 1983--2001. All patients underwent full-thickness chest wall resection (FTCWR) and immediate reconstruction. The mean chest wall defect area was 108 cm(2). The choice of reconstruction method was individualized. The reconstruction was accomplished with the patient's own tissues, in three cases supported by artificial mesh. Most commonly we used the contralateral breast or myocutaneous flap. We did not observe postoperative complications. The tissues used for the reconstruction provided sufficient stiffness of the rib cage. In all specimens the surgical margins were negative. The estimated 5-year survival after excision of recurrent tumor is 62%. FTCWR with immediate reconstruction with soft tissues should be considered in patients with local solitary recurrence after mastectomy for breast malignancy. This option offers good long-term results and minimal morbidity.     

Treatment of bone metastases and local recurrence from renal cell carcinoma with immunochemotherapy and radiation

Summary Immunotherapies using interferons and/or interleukins are currently the treatment of choice for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Bone metastases and non-resectable local recurrence are negative predictors for successful immunotherapy and signs of poor prognosis. The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of combined immunochemotherapy (ICT) and radiation therapy (RT) for bone metastases or local recurrence from RCC in a prospective fashion. From September 1997 to September 1999, 20 patients with progressive RCC were treated with a combination of RT and ICT [s.c. interleukin-2a (IL-2), s.c. interferon alpha (IFN-) and i.v. 5-fluorouracil]. RT started in week 2 of ICT. The radiation field was limited to the symptomatic bone metastases (15 patients) or the local recurrence (five patients). The total dosages of the RT ranged between 45 and 50 Gy, administered in fractions of from 1.8 to 2 Gy daily. In case of objective response or stable disease, the patients received up to two further ICT courses. All patients had good pain relief. Three out of 20 achieved complete remission, three had a partial remission, nine were stable and five patients had progressive disease under the combined treatment. Median survival was 21 months, mean survival 24 months (range: 5–59 months). The side effects of the combined treatment are in the same range as with ICT alone (World Health Organisation grade 2 and 3). Of 20 patients, 19 had their pain medication reduced after treatment. The combination of ICT and RT is feasible. There is remarkable pain relief. Our data suggest that the combination of immunochemotherapy and radiation therapy may induce a synergistic antitumor effect for the treatment of bone metastases or local recurrence from RCC compared to data from the literature for ICT or RT alone.     

Very late recurrence of renal vasculitis

We report a case of renal vasculitis with a relapse occurring 9 and a half years after the original presentation. The plasma creatinine six months before relapse was only 118 mumol/l. During the initial illness there was histological evidence of glomerular damage but at the time of relapse renal biopsy showed the remaining glomeruli to be normal with the destructive process causing fibrinoid necrosis of arteries.     

Unusual presentation of renal cell carcinoma metastasis

The aim of this study is to present an unusual site of renal cell carcinoma metastasis. A 60-year old man presented to our clinic with massive rectal bleeding. A large small intestine metastasis from renal cell carcinoma was evidenced by an elective angiography of the superior mesenteric artery. This metastasis was surgically excised.     

Unusual presentation of intraparenchymal renal artery aneurysm mimicking cystic renal cell carcinoma: A case report

We describe a case of intraparenchymal renal artery aneurysm in a 58‐year‐old normotensive man with a history of distal ureterectomy. Imaging studies of the pre‐existing right renal mass had been interpreted as being consistent with a simple renal cyst. Three years after ureterectomy, a small parietal nodule with contrast enhancement developed within the cyst. Partial nephrectomy was carried out based on a preoperative diagnosis of cystic kidney cancer. Surprisingly, pathological diagnosis was an aneurysm with a revascularized thrombus. Even though the present case represents an extremely rare clinical manifestation of intraparenchymal renal artery aneurysm, clinicians should be aware that imaging studies cannot distinguish all instances of renal vascular disease.     

Clinical characteristics of women presenting with skin-only recurrence of breast cancer

Background

Locoregional failure after breast cancer treatment is usually heralded as a significant risk factor for systemic recurrence. However, locoregional recurrence may have different presentations, some of which may represent a more benign course. An example of this is the phenomenon of isolated chest wall recurrence (CWR). Given the paucity of data describing the clinical outcomes of women who recur this way, we sought to review the natural history and prognosis of patients presenting with this specific presentation.

Methods

Women who previously underwent primary treatment for breast cancer and subsequently developed an isolated CWR were identified. Histologic and treatment data as it related to their primary diagnosis and demographic data were obtained by chart review. Modalities of treatment for isolated CWR were also collected.

Results

We identified 17 patients who experienced an isolated CWR from January 1987 to May 2005. The median age at original diagnosis was 61 years (range 33-94 years). Median time to isolated CWR was 20 months (range 6-134). Eleven patients were treated with primary resection, 12 with radiotherapy, and 3 with a combination of hyperthermia and electron beam radiation. Ten patients went on to receive endocrine therapy, 6 received chemotherapy, and 2 were observed. Ten of these patients (58%) experienced a second event and for this group the median time to second event was 24 months (range 8-109). Median overall survival was 80 months (range 3-134) for the entire cohort.

Conclusions

Patients experiencing a chest wall recurrence may have a benign course suggesting this may be an indolent presentation of local regional recurrence. The proper therapy of these patients may require further study.     

Solitary late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma

Solitary late recurrence is an unpredictable behavior pattern of renal cell carcinoma. We describe a patient with recurrence at the cranial bone 10 years after surgical management and another with recurrence at the sacral bone 13 years after treatment with radiotherapy and alpha-interferon. Both patients have been followed satisfactorily for 9 months. Unpredictable behavior of renal cell carcinoma makes lifelong followup of patients necessary. If a solitary recurrence is detected operative management definitely should be considered depending on the site of recurrence.     

AcSDKP: a new potential marker of malignancy of the thyroid gland

Background and aims The tetrapeptide Acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (AcSDKP) a physiologic inhibitor of stem-cell proliferation is also known for it’s strong angiogenic activity. It has been shown that blood levels of this peptide are increased in some hematological malignancies. However, no data on the concentration of AcSDKP present in solid tumor tissue are available. The aim of our study was to measure tissue concentration of AcSDKP in benign and malignant lesions of the thyroid gland. Patients and methods We assessed AcSDKP level in thyroid tissue specimens using enzyme immunoassay kit. The specimens were taken intraoperatively from 20 patients (17 women and 3 men aged 21–68 years): 10 patients with benign nodular goiter and 10 patients with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Results The obtained results show that tissue concentration of AcSDKP in malignant thyroid tumors is five times higher when compared to benign lessions. Conclusion We conclude that AcSDKP may play a role in the development of the thyroid gland lesions. However, the further investigations concerning the tetrapeptide concentration in other thyroid malignancies, toxic nodular, and Grave’s goiter are required to conclude on the eventual use of AcSDKP as a marker of malignancy Presented at the International Symposium “Modern Technologies in Thyroid Surgery”, 10–11 February 2006, Halle/Saale. Germany     

Selective late steroid withdrawal after renal transplantation

Steroid withdrawal (SW) after paediatric renal transplantation (RTPL) is controversial. Selective late SW has been performed in our unit since 1995. The safety and effects of SW were analysed retrospectively in 47 patients undergoing RTPL between 1995 and 2004. Initial immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine A, azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil and steroids. Criteria for SW were: (1) stable renal function, (2) time interval after RTPL ≥ 1 year, (3) no rejection or time interval after last rejection ≥ 1 year and (4) good compliance. SW was performed in 30 patients at an age of 13.5 years (range 4.5–18.5) and 2.2 years (range 1–6.6) after RTPL. After SW, one patient experienced a steroid-sensitive rejection. Follow-up after SW (1.3 year; range 0.25–7.5) showed maintained renal function: glomerular filtration rate at SW and currently was 82 (65–128) and 82 (42–115) ml/min per 1.73 m², respectively. The number of patients on antihypertensive treatment did not significantly change (at SW: n = 15; currently: n = 11). Height and body mass index (BMI) remained stable: Median standard deviation score (SDS) for height/BMI at SW and currently was −1.1/0.2 and −0.8/0.1, respectively. Selective late SW was safe regarding renal function and had no significant effect on blood pressure and growth.     

Unusual presentation of leptospirosis in the late stage of pregnancy

Here we report a case of leptospirosis without fever during the late stage of pregnancy in which the initial clinical presentation was more suggestive of a pregnancy-related liver dysfunction rather than an infectious disease. A 32-year-old primipara at 37 week of gestation was hospitalised with a 10-day history of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain without fever. Initial routine blood tests showed hyperbilirubinemia, a moderate increase in transaminase levels, severe coagulopathy and an increased creatinine level. On clinical suspicion of pregnancy-related liver dysfunction such as HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, low platelet count) or acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), emergency caesarean section was performed and a healthy baby was delivered. Postoperatively, the patient was stable, but 5 days later she developed clouding of consciousness, severe jaundice and respiratory failure. At this time, an infectious disease was considered and leptospirosis was confirmed by serological tests. In conjunction with intensive care management, antibiotic therapy was given; the patient was discharged in good condition and her baby did not develop signs of active leptospirosis. While leptospirosis is rare in pregnancy, this is the first report of acute infection without fever mimicking the clinical pattern of HELLP syndrome or AFLP     

Solitary Pancreatic Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma Concomitant with Early Gastric Cancer 17 Years After Nephrectomy: Report of a Case

The pancreas is an uncommon site for metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. We report the case of a 70-year-old man in whom a solitary pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma, found 17 years after nephrectomy, was successfully resected, combined with gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. We also discuss the relevant literature, including all the reports of pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma found in Medline. More than half the cases, like ours, were asymptomatic. A good prognosis can be expected once the pancreatic metastatic lesions are surgically excised, especially if it is a solitary metastasis. Therefore, surgical resection of pancreatic metastases is recommended to achieve the best chance of long-term survival. Special attention must be paid to the possibility of recurrence, even more than 10 years after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma, and imaging modalities should be part of the routine follow-up to detect metastases at an early stage.     

Clinicopathologic evaluation of recurrence in early gastric cancer

Five hundred ninety-two patients with early gastric cancer underwent surgical resection from 1970 to 1986 in our hospital, and 13 died from a recurrence of their disease. A careful analysis of these 13 patients suggests that carcinomas which invaded to the submucosa tend to recur more often than those confined to the mucosa. Well differentiated and papillary adenocarcinomas characterized by protruded or elevated lesions tend to recur earlier than poorly differentiated or signet-ring cell carcinomas characterized by depressed or excavated lesions. However, both types recurred from hematogenous metastases, with the liver being the most common site. Therefore, the macroscopic and histological features presently used to characterize early gastric cancer do not provide sufficient information to accurately predict which patients are at most risk for recurrence.