青少年归因方式与父母教养方式的关系研究

目的：研究青少年归因方式和父母教养方式之间的关系。方法：采用父母教养方式问卷（ＥＭＢＵ）和儿童归因方式问卷（ＣＡＳＱ）对２６９名１４￣１６岁的青少年进行测查。结果：与具有乐观归因方式的青少年相比,具有悲观紧因方式的青少年回忆出较少的父母的温暖,较多的母亲的拒绝、否认和父亲的惩罚;具有悲观归因方式的女孩比男孩回忆出更多的母亲的惩罚;悲观的紧因方式与父母的过度保护无明显关系。结论：青少年的归因方式与早     

父母教养方式与青少年边缘型人格障碍症状的关系：同伴关系和拒绝敏感性的中介作用

目的：探讨父母教养方式、同伴关系和拒绝敏感性对青少年边缘型人格障碍症状的影响机制。方法：以600名青少年为被试,采用简式父母教养方式问卷、同伴关系量表、拒绝敏感性问卷和人格诊断问卷中边缘型人格障碍分量表进行调查。结果：(1)父母拒绝、父母情感温暖、父母过度保护、同伴关系、拒绝敏感性和青少年边缘型人格障碍症状之间两两显著相关;(2)父母拒绝显著正向预测青少年边缘型人格障碍症状;(3)在控制了年龄后,父母拒绝、情感温暖和过度保护均可以通过同伴关系和拒绝敏感性的并行中介作用影响青少年边缘型人格障碍症状。结论：同伴关系和拒绝敏感性是父母教养方式影响青少年边缘型人格障碍症状的重要中介变量。     

父母教养方式、亲子冲突与初中女生抑郁焦虑的关系

目的探讨亲子冲突在父母教养方式与初中女生抑郁焦虑之间的中介作用。方法采用青少年自我评价量表(YSR)、亲子冲突问卷和父母教养方式问卷(PBI)对949名初中女生进行调查。结果 1初中女生抑郁焦虑与父母教养方式的关爱、鼓励自主和控制维度均呈显著相关(r=-0.33,-0.25,0.23;P0.01)。抑郁焦虑与亲子冲突呈显著正相关(r=0.24,P0.01)。亲子冲突与教养方式各维度均呈显著相关(r=-0.37,0.26,-0.36;P0.01);24种不同父母教养方式下初中女生的抑郁焦虑得分有显著差异(F=13.47,P0.01),其中专制型教养方式下的女生抑郁焦虑水平最高;3亲子冲突在父母教养方式与初中女生抑郁焦虑之间起部分中介作用。结论父母教养方式既可以直接影响初中女生的抑郁焦虑,也可以通过亲子冲突间接影响抑郁焦虑。     

高中生抑郁症状与父母教养方式:感恩的中介作用北大核心CSCDCSSCI

目的:探讨感恩在父母教养方式与高中生抑郁症状之间的中介作用。方法:选取汶川地震后18个月都江堰地区1087名高中生幸存者,采用儿童抑郁障碍自评量表、父母教养方式量表、青少年感恩量表进行施测。结果:高中生抑郁症状检出率为32.4%;感恩在父母冷漠、自主性的教养方式与抑郁症状之间存在部分中介效应,中介效应占总效应的比例分别为25.4%和37.0%;感恩在父母过度保护的教养方式与抑郁症状之间存在完全中介效应。结论:父母对孩子较少的冷漠和较多的自主性有利于培养青少年的感恩,感恩对震后抑郁症状具有保护作用。     

青少年人格特点与父母教养方式的关系

目的：探究青少年人格特点和人格偏离与父母教养方式之间的关系。方法：采用人格形容词检测表（PACL）和父母教养方式问卷（EMBU）对393名初高中生进行了调查。结果：父母教养方式各因子得分不同，青少年的人格特点也相应发生变化；反社会型人格偏离主要受到父母情感温暖理解、父亲惩罚严厉、父亲过度保护因子的影响．分裂样人格偏离主要受到父母情感温暖理解因子的影响，被动一攻击型人格偏离主要受到父亲情感温暖理解因子的影响。结论：父母教养方式对青少年人格特点有着显著的影响。     

父母教养方式与青少年网络欺负:隐性自恋的中介作用

目的:探讨父母教养方式、隐性自恋与青少年网络欺负之间的关系及内在作用机制。方法:使用父母教养方式问卷、自恋人格问卷和网络欺负问卷对773名中学生进行施测。结果:1父母拒绝与青少年隐性自恋、网络欺负显著正相关;父母情感温暖与青少年隐性自恋、网络欺负呈显著负相关;父母过度保护与青少年隐性自恋、网络欺负呈显著正相关;2三种父母教养方式均可以通过隐性自恋的中介作用对青少年网络欺负行为产生影响。结论:青少年隐性自恋在三种父母教养方式对青少年网络欺负的影响中起部分中介作用。     

疫情居家期间父母教养方式与复学后欺凌受害及抑郁的关系

目的：以布朗芬布伦纳的生态系统理论为依据,检验疫情居家期间父母教养方式、复学后遭受欺凌受害的情况与高中生抑郁症状之间的关系。方法：采用爱荷华青年和家庭项目中的自评教养问卷（Parenting Style Scale）、儿童抑郁量表（Children’s Depression Inventory,CDI）及特拉华欺凌受害量表(学生卷)(DBVS-S)在复学后6周对广西某市某县级中学高一、高二两个年级的1379名学生进行调查。结果：母亲积极教养方式和父亲积极教养方式均与抑郁呈负相关;母亲消极教养方式和父亲消极教养方式均与抑郁呈正相关;母亲积极教养方式和父亲积极教养方式均与欺凌受害呈负相关;母亲消极教养方式和父亲消极教养方式均与欺凌受害呈正相关;欺凌受害与抑郁呈正相关。欺凌受害在母亲积极教养方式、母亲消极教养方式、父亲积极教养方式及父亲消极教养方式与抑郁的关系间中介效应显著。结论：居家期间父母的消极教养方式使孩子更易遭受欺凌受害,并引发抑郁症状;相反,居家期间父母的积极教养方式对孩子形成保护作用,使孩子不易成为欺凌受害者,因而不易产生抑郁症状。     

教养方式与社交焦虑的关系：自我接纳的中介作用

目的：考察教养方式和社交焦虑的关系及自我接纳的中介作用。方法：采用自我接纳（ SAQ）教养方式问卷（s－EMBU－C）和社交焦虑问卷（IAS）对288名大学生进行施测。结果：①父母情感温暖（r 父＝－0．18，P＜0．01；r母＝－0．12，P＜0．05）、母亲过度保护（r＝0．16，P＜0．01）及自我接纳（r＝0．47，P＜0．001）与社交焦虑显著相关；②父母情感温暖对社交焦虑有负向预测作用，母亲过度保护对社交焦虑有正向预测作用；③自我接纳在3种教养方式和社交焦虑之间起着完全中介作用。结论：父母情感温暖、母亲过度保护及自我接纳能够预测社交焦虑，但前两者是通过后者自我接纳影响社交焦虑。     

父母教养方式对青少年进食障碍的影响:自我控制的中介作用

目的:研究不同的父母教养方式对进食障碍的影响,考察自我控制在父母教养方式对进食障碍预测中的中介作用及该中介作用的性别差异。方法:使用进食障碍问卷、自我控制量表、简式父母教养方式问卷在随机抽取的582名中学生进行施测。结果:1男生在进食障碍上的得分显著低于女生(P0.05);2青少年进食障碍与自我控制、不同父母教养方式均相关显著。其中父母过度保护、父母拒绝与进食障碍呈正相关(r=0.285~0.467;P0.01),与自我控制均呈现负相关(r=-0.336~-0.462;P0.01);父母情感温暖与进食障碍呈负相关(r=-0.094,-0.099;P0.05),与自我控制呈正相关(r=0.259,0.269;P0.01)。3父母教养方式中,父母过度保护对进食障碍的影响最显著。4自我控制在父母过度保护与进食障碍间起中介作用,并且该中介作用存在性别差异。结论:相比父母拒绝和父母情感温暖,父母过度保护对青少年进食障碍的影响更大,自我控制在男生中的中介作用比在女生中更明显。     

大学生归因方式与父母教养方式关系的研究

目的研究大学生归因方式与父母教养方式的关系。方法采用父母教养方式问卷(EMBU)和归因方式问卷(ASQ)对248名16～22岁的大学生进行测查。结果具有悲观归因方式的大学生与乐观归因方式的大学生相比,回忆出较多的过度保护,惩罚严厉,拒绝否认和较少的情感温暖,悲观的归因方式与父母的偏爱无明显关系。结论大学生归因方式与早期教养方式有明显相关。     

Latent variable analysis of coping, anxiety/depression, and somatic symptoms in adolescents with chronic pain

Reports of adolescents' coping with recurrent pain, symptoms of anxiety/depression, and somatic complaints were obtained from a sample of 164 adolescents with recurrent abdominal pain and their parents. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that coping consisted of 3 nonorthogonal factors: Primary Control Engagement Coping (problem solving, emotional expression, and emotional regulation), Secondary Control Engagement Coping (positive thinking, cognitive restructuring, acceptance, and distraction), and Disengagement Coping (denial, avoidance, and wishful thinking). Structural equation modeling using latent variables revealed that secondary control engagement coping predicted lower levels of anxiety/depression symptoms and somatic complaints, and disengagement coping was related to higher levels of anxiety/depression and somatic complaints. Implications for understanding child and adolescent coping with pain are highlighted.     

归因方式问卷的初步编制

目的：编制归因方式问卷(Attributional Style Questionnaire,ASQ)及探讨抑郁症患者的归因方式的特征。方法：对419名大学生、98名抑郁症患者及与之匹配的100名正常对照试测。结果：大学生各年级、性别之间无差异，ASQ各维度的相关、内部一致性及重测信度较好。与正常对照相比，患者倾向于将负性事件归因为整体的、持久的，而将正性事件归因为外在的、局部的、暂时的，治疗后患者对负性事件治疗后更多地归因为暂时的、局部的、总体指标上为外在的，对正性事件治疗后更多地归因为内在的。结论：归因方式问卷基本达到了测量学的要求，抑郁症患者治疗后归因有自我服务倾向。     

高中生自我和谐状况及其与归因方式的关系研究

目的了解高中生自我和谐状况及其与归因方式的关系。方法采用自我和谐量表及多维度多归因量表对300名高中生进行问卷调查。结果①不同性别、不同专业学生的自我和谐水平均无显著差异;②在是否独生子女变量上,独生子女的自我和谐水平明显低于非独生子女;③自我和谐水平与不同的归因方式有不同程度的相关;④努力归因在自我和谐方面有不可忽视的作用。结论高中生的自我和谐水平与归因方式存在一定的联系。积极正确的归因方式对提高学生的自我和谐水平有一定的作用。     

大学生抑郁情绪与归因方式和自尊的关系

目的：探讨抑郁的无望感／自尊理论在中国大学生被试中的应用。方法：对大学生进行Beck抑郁量表（BDI）、归因方式问卷（ASQ）和白尊量表（SES）的测定。结果：不同抑郁水平大学生之间归因方式有显著差异，但在正性事件和内外维度上关系不稳定。抑郁与自尊有显著相关，不同自尊水平大学生之间的抑郁有显著差异，低自尊大学生的抑郁和归因方式的关系明显，高自尊大学生不明显。结论：本研究总体上验证了抑郁的无望感／自尊理论，中国大学生抑郁者具有对负性事件宿命性、普遍性和持续性归因、无望感和低自尊的特点。     

Negative Thinking as a Coping Strategy Mediator of Pain and Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease

The objective of this study was to examine the role of coping strategies, specifically negative thinking, in mediating the association of pain with symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents with sickle cell disease. Fifty-two 12-18-year-old adolescents with sickle cell disease completed a daily pain diary and paper-and-pencil measures of pain, pain coping, depression and anxiety. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were within the non-clinical range. Preliminary analyses indicated that lower family income was associated with higher reports of pain and negative thinking. Mediation regression analyses supported negative thinking as mediating the association of: (1) pain intensity with depression, and (2) pain interference with daily activities with anxiety. Findings highlight negative thinking as a factor compromising adolescents' adaptation to sickle cell pain; however, further investigation is required to determine the mediating influence of pain coping. Associations for lower income emphasize the multiple risk factors experienced by many of these adolescents.     

Parenting style and smoking-specific parenting practices as predictors of adolescent smoking onset

OBJECTIVE: To test whether parenting style and smoking-specific parenting practices prospectively predicted adolescent smoking. METHODS: Three hundred eighty-two adolescents (age 10-17 years, initial nonsmokers, 98% non-Hispanic whites) and their parents were interviewed, with smoking also assessed 1-2 years later. RESULTS: Adolescents from disengaged families (low acceptance and low behavioral control) were most likely to initiate smoking. Adolescents' reports of parents' smoking-related discussion was related to lowered smoking risk for adolescents with nonsmoking parents, but unrelated to smoking onset for adolescents with smoking parents. Smoking-specific parenting practices did not account for the effects of general parenting styles. CONCLUSIONS: Both parenting style and smoking-specific parenting practices have unique effects on adolescent smoking, although effects were largely confined to adolescents' reports; and for smoking-specific parenting practices, effects were confined to families with nonsmoking parents. Interventions that focus only on smoking-specific parenting practices may be insufficient to deter adolescent smoking.     

Adolescents' and their friends' health-risk behavior: factors that alter or add to peer influence

OBJECTIVE: To examine models of risk for adolescent health-risk behavior, including family dysfunction, social acceptance, and depression as factors that may compound or mitigate the associations between adolescents' and peers' risk behavior. METHODS: Participants were 527 adolescents in grades 9-12. Adolescents reported on their substance use (cigarette and marijuana use, heavy episodic drinking), violent behavior (weapon carrying, physical fighting), suicidality (suicidal ideation and attempts), and the health-risk behavior of their friends. RESULTS: Adolescents' substance use, violence, and suicidal behavior were related to their friends' substance use, deviance, and suicidal behaviors, respectively. Friends' prosocial behavior was negatively associated with adolescent violence and substance use. Family dysfunction, social acceptance, and depression altered the magnitude of association between peers' and adolescents' risk behavior. In cumulative risk factor models, rates of adolescent health-risk behavior increased twofold with each added risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: Results supported both additive and multiplicative models of risk. Implications for intervention and primary prevention are discussed.     

The role of the family in child and adolescent posttraumatic stress following attendance at an emergency department

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of family factors in posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) in children and adolescents who have attended an emergency department following assaults or motor vehicle accident. METHODS: Children and their parents completed self-report questionnaires and semistructured interviews relating to their psychopathology and cognitive styles at 2-4 weeks and 6 months after trauma. RESULTS: Parental depression was correlated with child PTSS at each assessment point. Less consistent findings were observed for family functioning. Parental endorsement of worry was a correlate of child PTSS at each assessment and a mediator between parental depression and child PTSS. CONCLUSIONS: A role for family factors, in particular parental depression and parental endorsement of worry, in the development of child PTSS is supported. Weaknesses of the study are discussed, and suggestions for future research are given.     

Attributions, Coping and, Adjustment in Children with Cancer

Assessed the influence of children's attribution style, copingstyle, social competence, parent coping, and demographic variableson the psychosocial adjustment of 86 pediatric oncology patients.Utilizing hierarchical multiple regression procedures, nearlyone half of the variance in child depression was predicted bychildren's avoidance coping, depressive attributional style,and social competence. Child anxiety was predicted by a depressiveattributional style, avoidance coping, and age at diagnosis.Child externalizing behavior was predicted by a depressive attributionalstyle, parents' anxiety and SES. Implications for interventionsand future research are discussed