新生儿父亲居室内吸烟行为及其影响因素调查分析

目的了解新生儿父亲居室内吸烟行为,为制定旨在减少婴儿家庭内被动吸烟的控烟计划提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,从成都市四所妇产专科医院抽取510名出生0-7 天内健康新生儿的父亲进行横断面问卷调查,从中过滤出现在吸烟者的资料进行分析。结果现在吸烟者的居室内吸烟率为80.0%,吸烟者的吸烟量、居室内吸烟伙伴、居室内吸烟环境影响居室内吸烟率(P值<0.05)。吸烟量越大的吸烟者居室内吸烟率越高;有居室内吸烟伙伴的吸烟者居室内吸烟率高于无吸烟伙伴的吸烟者;居室内吸烟不受限制的吸烟者居室内吸烟率高于受限制的吸烟者。结论吸烟的新生儿父亲居室内吸烟现象较普遍,必须进行强有力的家庭控烟行动。吸烟量大以及家庭中有吸烟伙伴的吸烟者是家庭控烟的重点人群,应鼓励家人参与到对吸烟者家庭控烟行动中来。     

宁夏固原市乡村医生吸烟及控烟现状调查分析

[目的]了解乡村医生烟草接触及控烟状况.[方法]对固原市5个县区的173名乡村医生进行一对一访谈式问卷调查.[结果]45名女性乡村医生均不吸烟.128名男乡医中,吸烟率为48.1%;乡医被动吸烟率女性高于男性（χ2=33.34,P〈0.001）;乡村医生对烟草危害的知晓率为48.2%,吸烟者与不吸者对烟草危害的认知无显著性差异（χ2值=5.64,P〉0.05）;男性乡医经济条件越好吸烟率越高;绝大多数（86.7%）乡村医生支持无烟村卫生室的创建.有65.9%的乡医在诊疗过程劝阻过病人戒烟,吸烟者与不吸烟者劝说吸烟患者戒烟的行为有显著性差异（P〈0.001）.[结论]宁夏固原市乡村医生的吸烟率低于1996年全国调查的男性医务人员吸烟率,但其吸烟和戒烟均与经济水平有关.     

成都市新生儿父亲吸烟行为调查研究

目的 了解成都市新生儿父亲吸烟行为现状.方法 采用整群抽样、问卷调查的方法进行基线调查.结果 成都市新生儿父亲曾吸烟率达90.2%,现吸烟率为51.0%,曾居室内吸烟率达80.0%,现居室内吸烟率40.1%;吸烟行为的影响因素包括职业、吸烟态度、文化程度、孩子的出生以及妻子对吸烟的反应.结论 成都市新生儿父亲的吸烟行为不容忽视,采取针对性的控烟干预可能会效果显著.     

对婴幼儿父母吸烟认知行为的干预效果研究

目的对社区婴幼儿父母吸烟行为进行干预,探索社区家庭控制吸烟的有效途径。方法在我市社区婴幼儿父母居室内吸烟基线调查结果的基础上获得99户婴幼儿父母接受吸烟干预情况,包括赠送控制吸烟宣传手册,针对父母吸烟行为定期进行家庭随访和认知行为干预,定期进行电话随访,了解吸烟行为的变化情况,对干预前后进行比较。结果干预后婴幼儿父母吸烟行为明显弱化;吸烟危害性知识量化评分增加;吸烟量明显下降;避开他人及选择不同吸烟场所的人数明显增加;有意识地避开他人吸烟的行为增强。结论认知行为干预对社区婴幼儿父母吸烟的认知态度具有积极作用。     

“妻子介入法”对新生儿父亲吸烟行为干预研究

[目的]研究社区家庭在孕育下一代这一特定时期，妻子对吸烟的态度和行为对新生儿父亲吸烟行为的影响。[方法]采用整群抽样、问卷调查的方法，对实验前后研究对象的吸烟行为进行分析比较。[结果]干预前后新生儿母亲的知识水平、父亲有意识避开他人吸烟的行为有明显改变（P〈0．05），新生儿父亲的吸烟与健康知识、吸烟量、吸烟场所、吸烟时避开他人的行为有明显改变（P〈0．01）。[结论]控烟工作应抓住契机，及时采取有效措施，能取得事半功倍的效果。     

浙江省居民吸烟状况及烟草费用调查

目的 了解浙江省居民吸烟、被动吸烟、戒烟、吸烟费用流行水平,掌握对烟草危害知识了解程度和禁烟的态度,为烟草控制及卫生决策提供科学依据.方法 采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,在浙江省有代表性的30个县区,对7482名年龄在15～69岁的居民进行面对面问卷调查.结果 浙江省人群吸烟率为29.40%,男性57.31%,女性1.08%;人群被动吸烟率为43.70%,男性38.52%,女性45.96%;吸烟者戒烟率为16.26%,其中男性15.68%,女性27.27%;吸烟者平均每天吸烟17.83支,城市15.25支,农村18.89支;吸烟者平均每天吸烟费用6.38元,城市8.02元,农村5.71元;6.90%男性和3.4%女性认为吸烟对健康无害;8.05%男性和4.95%女性认为被动吸烟对健康无害.91.34%的居民认为应该在学校禁止吸烟,90.56%的居民认为应该在医院禁止吸烟.结论 浙江省人群吸烟率高,吸烟费用大,浙江省控烟工作十分艰巨.     

"妻子介入法"对新生儿父亲吸烟行为干预研究

[目的]研究社区家庭在孕育下一代这一特定时期,妻子对吸烟的态度和行为对新生儿父亲吸烟行为的影响。[方法]采用整群抽样、问卷调查的方法,对实验前后研究对象的吸烟行为进行分析比较。[结果]干预前后新生儿母亲的知识水平、父亲有意识避开他人吸烟的行为有明显改变(P<0.05),新生儿父亲的吸烟与健康知识、吸烟量、吸烟场所、吸烟时避开他人的行为有明显改变(P<0.01)。[结论]控烟工作应抓住契机,及时采取有效措施,能取得事半功倍的效果。     

大学生吸烟状况的调查研究

[目的]了解在不同专业、年级的在校大学生的吸烟状况及其影响因素,为有效预防和控制大学生吸烟提供依据.[方法]通过整群及分层抽样方法对在校的部分大学生进行问卷调查.[结果]发放调查问卷500张,收回问卷446张,吸烟率26.46%.其中男生吸烟率32.25%,女生吸烟率17.06%.医学类专业大学生吸烟率10.00%,文史类吸烟率17.98%,理工类吸烟率21.84%,艺术类吸烟率15.56%,体育类吸烟率66.67%.[结论]大学生吸烟状况一般,不同专业、性别吸烟率存在差异.大学生是社会主义建设的主要力量,是先进文化的主要代表,应重视大学生吸烟行为对健康的危害,积极开展健康教育及对大学生吸烟行为进行干预.     

浙江省奉化市居民吸烟现状调查

目的 了解浙江省奉化市居民吸烟现状。 方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,抽取600名居民进行问卷调查。 结果 奉化市居民吸烟率为25.83%,标化吸烟率为24.79%,其中男性吸烟率为58.56%,女性吸烟率为0.30%;吸烟者开始吸烟的平均年龄为21.13岁,每日平均吸烟量为20.13支,平均每盒烟费用14.93元;戒烟率为28.90%,被动吸烟率为54.83%。 结论 男性是实施控烟健康教育的重点人群,开始吸烟者年龄趋于年轻化,奉化市控烟工作比较艰巨,相关部门应引起重视。     

社区中老年人主要慢性病患病率及吸烟行为的调查分析

[目的]了解社区中老年居民主要慢性病患病情况及吸烟行为的分布特征。[方法]2010年10月在郴州市北湖区城区的社区中随机抽取年龄≥35岁的常住居民326人进行主要慢性病患病情况及吸烟行为的调查。[结果]郴州市城区社区中老年居民高血压病患病率为12.9%,慢性阻塞性肺疾病的患病率为11.0%,心血管疾病患病率为7.9%,脑血管疾病患病率为5.2%,糖尿病患病率为3.7%。现在吸烟率为31.9%,重度吸烟率为9.8%,被动吸烟率为43.7%。主要慢性病患病情况与吸烟、重度吸烟行为呈正相关。[结论]社区中老年居民慢性病的健康教育和健康促进工作应进一步加强。     

Qualified nurse smokers' attitudes towards a hospital smoking ban and its influence on their smoking behaviour

This study explored the effects of a complete smoking ban in a large British teaching hospital on nurses' smoking behaviour and their attitudes and views on the current policy and compliance with it. Questionnaires were distributed to a convenience sample of nurse smokers and ex-smokers 9 months after the introduction of the smoking ban. A response rate of 64·7% ( n =33) was achieved.The reported reduction in work-time cigarette consumption following the ban was not statistically significant (Wilcoxon test: P = 0·069). No reduction outside work was recorded. Six (21·4%) smokers claimed that the ban had been a reason for them to try to give up smoking. Two of three ex-smokers reported that the ban had played a role in their giving up. The respondents showed considerable agreement with their health educator and role model function. Support for the policy was, however, very limited and compliance with it was reported to be poor among patients as well as staff. Twenty (76·9%) of current smokers indicated their wish to give up, 11 (39·3%) of them believed their own determination to be an effective way to achieve this. These results would seem to indicate that smoking policies currently have limited impact on smoking behaviour. It is suggested that in future policies should aim at strengthening nurses' determination to give up as well as secure their support for the restrictions in order to assist them in changing their smoking behaviour.     

Qualified nurses' smoking prevalence: their reasons for smoking and desire to quit

AIM AND RATIONALE: The preventable nature of smoking related diseases places a major responsibility for health promotion on all health professionals. This study used a questionnaire to survey qualified nurses in Northern Ireland as to smoking prevalence and their desire to quit the habit. It also explores their knowledge base relating to smoking related diseases and their motivation to act as health promoters with patients who smoke. METHODS: A random sample (n=1074) of qualified nurses employed by the Health and Social Services Trusts, private, and voluntary organizations in the province were surveyed. RESULTS: Results show that 25.8% were smokers, 19% were ex-smokers and 55.2% were nonsmokers. Three quarters expressed a wish to stop within 6-months. Almost all smokers and half of ex-smokers had taken up the habit prior to commencing nursing. 'Addiction' and 'enjoyment' were given as the principle reasons for continued smoking. Health reasons were paramount in smokers' desire to stop smoking. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that smoking prevalence among qualified nurses in no greater than that reported by females in the general Northern Ireland population. Results also indicate that those nurses who smoke were less willing to take on the role of a health promoter with patients who smoke. Implications and recommendations for practice, education and research are explored.     

Australian mental health care practitioners’ practices and attitudes for encouraging smoking cessation and tobacco harm reduction in smokers with severe mental illness

Reducing the burden of physical illness among people living with severe mental illnesses (SMI) is a key priority. Smoking is strongly associated with SMIs resulting in excessive smoking related morbidity and mortality in smokers with SMI. Smoking cessation advice and assistance from mental health practitioners would assist with reducing smoking and smoking‐related harms in this group. This study examined the attitudes and practices of Australian mental health practitioners towards smoking cessation and tobacco harm reduction for smokers with SMI, including adherence to the 5As (ask, assess, advise, assist and arrange follow up) of smoking cessation. We surveyed 267 Australian mental health practitioners using a cross‐sectional, online survey. Most practitioners (77.5%) asked their clients about smoking and provided health education (66.7%) but fewer provided direct assistance (31.1–39.7%). Most believed that tobacco harm reduction strategies are effective for reducing smoking related risks (88.4%) and that abstinence from all nicotine should not be the only goal discussed with smokers with SMI (77.9%). Many respondents were unsure about the safety (56.9%) and efficacy (39.3%) of e‐cigarettes. Practitioners trained in smoking cessation were more likely (OR: 2.9, CI: 1.5–5.9) to help their clients to stop smoking. Community mental health practitioners (OR: 0.3, CI: 0.1–0.9) and practitioners who were current smokers (OR: 0.3, CI: 0.1–0.9) were less likely to adhere to the 5As of smoking cessation intervention. The results of this study emphasize the importance and need for providing smoking cessation training to mental health practitioners especially community mental health practitioners.     

Knowledge and beliefs about genetics and smoking among visitors and staff at a health care facility

OBJECTIVES: The primary purpose of this study was to describe individuals' knowledge and beliefs about genetics and smoking. Secondary purposes were to describe (a) differences in knowledge and beliefs based on smoking status, gender, and education and (b) relationships among perceived genetic predisposition for smoking, background characteristics, and knowledge and beliefs about genetics and smoking. Because genetics influences smoking, genetic information will likely be used to individualize future cessation treatment. DESIGN: Questionnaire data were collected about knowledge and beliefs about genetics and smoking, smoking history, and demographics from visitors and staff at a nursing care facility. Data were analyzed with bivariate statistics and logistic regression. SAMPLE: Participants (N=92), ages 19-82, were classified by smoking status. RESULTS: Participants had little knowledge about genetics and smoking or mechanisms of heredity. Most did not believe that genetics caused smoking or influenced cessation. Predictors of perceived genetic predisposition for smoking were smoking status (current/former smoker), education (相似文献   

Protecting sick children from exposure to passive smoking through mothers' actions: a randomized controlled trial of a nursing intervention

AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing educational intervention with mothers of sick children to decrease passive smoking exposure. BACKGROUND: Passive smoking represents a serious health hazard and is a substantial threat to child health causing major risk factors for acute respiratory illness in children. Nurses are in a vital position to conduct health education to improve children's health, which is a legitimate activity in a pediatric ward. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the general paediatric wards of four major hospitals in Hong Kong. The participants were non-smoking mothers of sick children admitted to the paediatric ward and with smoking husbands living in the same household. FINDINGS: A total of 1483 women were randomized into the intervention (n = 752) and control (n = 731) group. The intervention group received from the nurses (1) standardized health advice; (2) two purpose-designed booklets about preventing exposure to passive smoking and helping fathers quit; (3) a no smoking sticker; and (4) a telephone reminder 1 week later. No intervention was given to the controls. Baseline comparison showed no significant differences between the two groups in the mothers' actions to protect the children from passive smoking exposure. More mothers in the intervention group than the control group had always moved the children away when they were exposed to the fathers' smoke at home at 3-month follow up (78.4% vs. 71.1%; P = 0.01) but became non-significant at 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: A simple health education intervention provided by nurses to the mothers in a busy clinical setting can be effective in the short-term to motivate the mothers to take actions to protect the children from exposure to passive smoking produced by the fathers.     

The effect of training on knowledge and opinion about smoking amongst nurses and student teachers

At their entry to training, student teachers and nurses (pupils, general students and paediatric students) completed a questionnaire and were interviewed about their knowledge and opinion of smoking as a health hazard. This was repeated a year later. The nurses and student teachers did not differ in their knowledge of eight smoking-related diseases at their entry to training, but the nurses were less willing to acknowledge the importance of smoking as a health problem. This was in part related to differences in their smoking behaviour, smokers being less likely to perceive smoking as a hazard than non-smokers. Smokers were also more likely to express doubts about the role of smoking in illness. In general at entry the pupil nurses were the least likely to accept that smoking is harmful to health. After a year of training little change was evident among the student teachers. Among the nurses knowledge had improved for some conditions and decreased for others. Improved knowledge was most evident among the general students but scores declined consistently among the pupils. The uptake of knowledge was also related to the nurses' smoking behaviour, non-smokers tending to become better informed and smokers less certain. In general, the nurses had also become less likely to acknowledge the importance of smoking as a health issue, and again, this was most marked among the pupils. Smoking behaviour did not account for these changes. The nurses applied their training experience to their views, the effect usually being to confirm existing ideas. Not all experience had a positive impact and training had not enhanced understanding of the causal relationship between smoking and illness. One explanation could lie in the way the subject of smoking is dealt with during teaching.     

Using psychological insights to help people quit smoking

AIMS: This paper sets out to evaluate the possibility that smoking cessation interventions which make use of current psychological theories and constructs can be more successful than programmes based largely on nicotine replacement therapy and will be more satisfying to participants. RATIONALE: Nicotine replacement therapy is currently the most widely used method for helping smokers give up the habit. Numerous studies have shown this to be a successful approach for many smokers, but the majority still fail to benefit. Typically three quarters of smokers given nicotine replacement are smoking again one year later. This study investigates whether nicotine replacement can be enhanced by the addition of psychological techniques. DESIGN: Smokers recruited via publicity in the local media were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions. The first condition consisted of a series of group sessions in which volunteers were instructed in nicotine replacement, and a number of psychological techniques, the most important being cognitive counter conditioning. The second condition was identical to the first but without the cognitive counter conditioning. Finally background quit rate was determined using waiting list controls. RESULTS: Both interventions were successful in helping smokers quit the habit, based upon an analysis at 6 months, compared with waiting list controls. The experimental condition incorporating cognitive counter conditioning produced a much higher quit rate than the condition based largely upon nicotine replacement, although the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: This study is highly suggestive that nicotine replacement therapy can be enhanced by the inclusion of psychological techniques in group work, resulting in abstention rates higher than nicotine replacement alone and increasing participant satisfaction. Further work is needed with larger numbers to verify that this is indeed a significant gain and to investigate whether psychological techniques can give longer term benefits.