内镜黏膜下剥离术及外科手术治疗早期胃癌的预后效果评估

[目的]比较分析内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)与外科手术治疗早期胃癌(EGC)的临床疗效及预后。[方法]将EGC患者90例,随机分成ESD组(45例)和外科手术组(45例)。术后随访至少2年,比较2组手术的临床效果,出血、穿孔等并发症及预后情况。[结果]与外科手术组比较,ESD组的手术时间明显增加,住院时间、住院费用明显降低(P0.05),但ESD组、外科手术组整块切除率(93.3%∶100.0%)、治愈性切除率(84.4%∶93.3%)比较均差异无统计学意义(P0.05);ESD组手术并发症的发生率为8.9%,显著低于外科手术组的24.4%(P0.05);术后1年、2年,ESD组与外科手术组生存率(100.0%∶100.0%)、(93.3%∶97.8%),复发率(0%∶0%)、(4.4%∶2.2%)比较均差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]ESD对EGC的治疗与外科手术疗效及预后相当,且住院时间短、费用低、并发症少,     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌40例临床分析

目的比较内镜黏膜下剥离术与外科手术治疗早期胃癌的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年4月到2015年3月,在我院接受治疗的80例早期胃癌患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式的不同分为ESD组和外科手术组。对两组患者的病灶切除率、手术时间、住院时间、医疗费用、以及术后并发症等进行比较。结果ESD组和外科手术组,病灶治愈性切除率均为100%,两组比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。ESD组与外科手术组比较,平均手术时间缩短(89.3vs 215.4 min,P＜0.05),平均住院时间缩短(10.5 vs 22.5 d,P＜0.05),平均医疗费用减少(1.79 vs 5.93万元,P＜0.05)。ESD组术后并发胃食管反流1例,感染1例(肺部感染),狭窄1例,出血1例,总发生率10.0%(4/40)；外科手术组术后并发胃食管反流7例,感染5例(肺部感染1例,创口感染4例),狭窄2例,出血6例,总发生率50.0%(20/40),术后并发症发生率明显高于ESD组。结论内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌疗效确切,而且具有手术和住院时间短,医疗费用少,术后并发症发生率低等特点。     

Influence of endoscopic submucosal dissection on serum levels of pepsinogens in patients with early gastric cancer

Background: The serum levels of pepsinogens (PG) have been considered to be a useful marker for assessing the risk of metachronous gastric cancer in patients who undergo endoscopic submucosal dissection. However, the influence of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) on serum levels of PG has not yet been examined. The aim of this study was to examine whether the level of PG after ESD can be used to predict the risk of metachronous cancer. Patients and Methods: The study included of 100 consecutive patients who underwent ESD for gastric cancer at Hirosaki University Hospital from September 2009 to February 2011. Serum levels of PG I and II on the day before and after ESD were compared. Stool antigen test was also performed to examine the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Results: The mean serum level of PG I before and after ESD was 34.3 ± 31.6 ng/mL and 70.5 ± 100.0 ng/mL (P < 0.001), respectively. PG I/II ratio before and after ESD was 2.40 ± 1.51 and 2.79 ± 1.70 (P < 0.001). The serum level of PG I and the PG I/II ratio were significantly changed after ESD, regardless of the use of proton pump inhibitor, Helicobacter pylori infection or the location of the tumor. Conclusions: ESD treatment modulates the serum level of PG I and significantly increases the PG I/II ratio. Serum levels of PG should be measured before the ESD procedure is performed to predict the risk of developing metachronous gastric cancer after ESD.     

《早期胃癌内镜黏膜下剥离术和内镜黏膜切除术治疗指南(第二版)》的更新与解读

2014年日本胃肠内镜学会与日本胃癌学会联合发布了基于循证医学原则的《早期胃癌内镜黏膜下剥离术和内镜黏膜切除术治疗指南》。然而由于当时该领域的许多证据级别较低,部分准则只能通过专家共识来建立。近年来,设计规范的临床研究数量激增。基于这些新的证据,日本胃肠内镜学会发布了上述治疗指南的修订第二版。本文将基于新版指南中更新和...     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric cancer

The purpose of this review was to examine a remarkable technical advance regarding the indications for and the technique of endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of early gastric cancer with no risk of lymph node metastasis has been a standard technique in Japan, probably owing to the high incidence of gastric cancer in Japan and the fact that more than half of Japanese gastric cancer cases are diagnosed at an early stage. Very recently, several EMR techniques have become increasingly accepted and regularly used in Western countries. Although these minimally invasive techniques are safe, convenient, and efficacious, they are unsuitable for large lesions in particular. Difficulty in correctly assessing the depth of tumor invasion and an increase in local recurrence when standard EMR procedures are used have been reported in cases of large lesions, because such lesions are often resected piecemeal owing to the technical limitations of standard EMR. A new development in therapeutic endoscopy, called endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), allows the direct dissection of the submucosa, and large lesions can be resected en bloc. ESD is not limited by resection size and is expected to replace surgical resection. However, it is still associated with a higher incidence of complications than standard EMR procedures and requires a high level of endoscopic skill. The endoscopic indications, techniques, and management of complications of ESD for early gastric cancer for properly carrying out established therapeutic endoscopy are described.     

Guidelines for endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer (second edition)

In response to the rapid and wide acceptance and use of endoscopic treatments for early gastric cancer, the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, in collaboration with the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association, produced “Guidelines for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection and Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Early Gastric Cancer” in 2014, as a set of basic guidelines in accordance with the principles of evidence‐based medicine. At the time, a number of statements had to be established by consensus (the lowest evidence level), as evidence levels remained low for many specific areas in this field. However, in recent years, the number of well‐designed clinical studies has been increasing. Based on new findings, we have issued the revised second edition of the above guidelines that cover the present state of knowledge. These guidelines are divided into the following seven categories: indications, preoperative diagnosis, techniques, evaluation of curability, complications, long‐term postoperative surveillance, and histology.     

Feasibility of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection in elderly patients aged ≥ 80 years

BACKGROUNDEndoscopic resection, especially endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), is increasingly performed in elderly patients with early gastric cancer, and lesions beyond the expanded indications are also resected endoscopically in some patients. It is essential to assess whether gastric ESD is safe and suitable for elderly patients and investigate what type of lesions carry an increased risk of ESD-related complications.AIMTo assess the efficacy and feasibility of gastric ESD for elderly patients, and define high-risk lesions and prognostic indicators.METHODSAmong a total of 1169 sessions of gastric ESD performed in Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital from 2006 to 2014, 179 sessions (15.3%) were performed in patients aged ≥ 80 years, and 172 of these sessions were done in patients with a final diagnosis of gastric cancer. These patients were studied retrospectively to evaluate short-term outcomes and survival. The short-term outcomes included the rates of en bloc resection and curative resection, complications, and procedure-related mortality. Curability was assessed according to the Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines 2010. Fisher’s exact test was used to statistically analyze risk factors. Clinical characteristics of each group were compared using Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Survival rates at each time point were based on Kaplan-Meier estimation. Overall survival rates were compared between patients with gastric cancer in each group with use of the log-rank test. To identify prognostic factors that jointly predict the hazard of death while controlling for model overfitting, we used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model including factors curative/ noncurative, age, gender, body mass index, prognostic nutritional index, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), Glasgow prognostic score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and antithrombotic agent use. We selected the LASSO Cox regression model that resulted in minimal prediction error in 10-fold cross-validation. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTSThe en bloc dissection rate was 97.1%, indicating that a high quality of treatment was achieved even in elderly patients. As for complications, the rates of bleeding, perforation and aspiration pneumonitis were 3.4%, 1.1% and 0.6%, respectively. These complication rates indicated that ESD was not associated with a particularly higher risk in elderly patients than in nonelderly patients. A dissection incision > 40 mm, lesions associated with depressions, and lesions with ulcers were risk factors for post-ESD bleeding, and location of the lesion in the upper third of the stomach was a risk factor for perforation in elderly patients (P < 0.05). Location of the lesion in the lower third of the stomach tended to be associated with a higher risk of bleeding. The overall survival (OS) did not differ significantly between curative and noncurative ESD (P = 0.69). In patients without additional surgery, OS rate was significantly lower in patients with a high CCI (≥ 2) than in those with a low CCI (≤ 1) (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONGastric ESD is feasible even in patients aged ≥ 80 years. Observation without additional surgery after noncurative ESD is reasonable, especially in elderly patients with CCI ≥ 2.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗未分化型早期胃癌的疗效分析

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）治疗未分化型早期胃癌的疗效及预后。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月—2019年4月在南京医科大学第一附属医院行ESD治疗且术后病理证实为早期胃癌的393例患者（400处病灶）的临床病理资料,根据术后病理结果分为未分化癌组（50例,50个病灶）和分化癌组（343例,350个病灶）,收集患者年龄、性别,切除病灶大小及部位、大体分型、浸润深度、有无溃疡及术后随访情况等进行分析。结果 Logistic回归分析表明年龄≤60岁（OR=2.02,95%CI：1.04~3.95,P=0.011）、女性（OR=2.83,95%CI：1.41~5.68,P=0.003）、胃窦部病变（OR=3.92,95%CI：1.65~9.30,P=0.002）、凹陷型病变（OR=5.37,95%CI：2.16~13.38,P<0.001）及浸润至黏膜下层（OR=5.09,95%CI：2.40~10.80,P<0.001）为未分化型早期胃癌发生的独立危险因素。393例患者中,非治愈性切除113例,治愈性切除280例。未分化癌组非治愈性切除率高于分化癌组[90.0%（45/50）比19.8%（68/343）,χ2=104.902,P<0.001]。非治愈性切除患者死亡率高于治愈性切除[4.4%（5/113）比0.7%（2/280）, χ2=5.558,P=0.023]。未分化癌组27例患者追加手术,分化癌组51例追加手术,无一例复发;315例未追加手术患者中,未分化癌组复发率高于分化癌组[26.1%（6/23）比4.1%（12/292）,χ2=5.560,P<0.001]。结论 年龄≤60岁、女性、胃窦部病变、凹陷型病变及浸润至黏膜下层为未分化型早期胃癌发生的独立危险因素。未分化型早期胃癌非治愈性切除率高、ESD术后易复发,建议追加外科手术治疗。     

Endoscopic predictive factors associated with local recurrence after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection

Objective: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been accepted as the treatment of choice for gastric epithelial neoplasia. Endoscopic characteristics of the primary lesion and post-ESD scars may be informative to predict the possibility of local recurrence.

Methods: Between November 2008 and July 2015, a retrospective study was conducted in a single-tertiary referral hospital. Consecutive patients who underwent ESD for early gastric cancer (EGC) or high-grade dysplasia were analyzed to evaluate the incidence of local recurrence and associated endoscopic characteristics.

Results: A total of 639 lesions were analyzed. The rates of en-bloc and complete resection were 98.1% and 95.5%, respectively. A total of 15 local recurrent lesions were found (2.3%). The endoscopic findings of primary lesions associated with local recurrence were a lesion size ≥20?mm (odds ratio, OR, 4.408; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.369–14.186, p?=?.013) and incomplete endoscopic resection (OR 17.059, 95% CI 4.887–59.551, p?Conclusion: Lesions with larger size (≥ 20?mm) and incompletely resected lesions had higher risk of local recurrence. Endoscopic forceps biopsy is unnecessary for even-flat ESD scar without erythematous changes.     

Outcome after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer in Korea

Endoscopic treatment,such as endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),has been established as one of the treatment options for selected cases with early gastric cancer(EGC).Most studies on this topic have been carried out by researchers in Japan.Recently,the experience in EMR/ESD for EGC outside Japan is increasingly reported.In Korea,gastric cancer is the most common malignant disease,and the second leading cause of cancer death.Currently,EMR for EGC is widely performed i...