B超,ERCP及CT在胰头癌诊断中的价值

本文通过５１例手术病理证实为胰头癌的患者，回顾其术前Ｂ超、ＥＲＣＰ及ＣＴ的检查，并对此三项作了比较，得出Ｂ超检查优于ＥＲＣＰ及ＣＴ，其阳性率分别为７９．５％、７０％和６２．８％。三项检查如能相互结合，则可进一步提高胰腺癌的确诊率。     

胰腺癌早期诊断55例临床分析

目的:探讨早期胰腺癌的临床特征和诊断方法。方法:回顾性分析2003年至2006年本院收治的55例胰腺癌患者临床资料。结果:首发症状以腹痛、黄疸、上腹不适最常见;入院时主要症状体征是腹痛、体重减轻、食欲减退、上腹压痛、黄疸、腹部肿块和肝肿大。胰腺癌CA199、CA125、CEA、US、CT、MRI和ERCP检查的阳性率分别为75%、59.1%、27.3%、79.1%、83.3%、97.1%、77.8%。结论:恰当的联合应用血清肿瘤标志物和影像学检查,对胰腺癌的早期诊断可能有帮助。     

超声内镜对胰腺疾病的诊断

本文报告超声内镜（ＥＵＳ）对５０例胰腺癌及３０例慢性胰腺炎的诊断，并与ＵＳ、ＥＲＣＰ和ＣＴ进行了对比研究。结果表明：①ＥＵＳ对胰腺癌的显示率达１００％，诊断正确率达９４％，高于ＵＳ、ＣＴ和ＥＲＣＰ。②ＥＵＳ对胰腺癌术前被膜浸润、胰后方组织浸润、淋巴结转移和门脉浸润的诊断正确率分别为７２％、７４％、７６％和８０％。③ＥＵＳ显示主胰管与ＥＲＣＰ，相近．对胰石和囊肿的发现率优于ＥＲＣＰ。④ＥＵＳ能对胰实质回声改变进行分型诊断。⑤ＥＵＳ与ＵＳ和／或ＥＲＣＰ联合检查可提高慢性胰腺炎的正确诊断率。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的影像诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的影像学特征。方法 对19例胰腺囊性肿瘤的B超、CT、钡餐造影检查(GI)和逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)资料进行回顾性分析。结果 B超：4例囊腺瘤中2例囊性，2例为不均匀的低回声光团。12例囊腺癌均为囊性，部分病例见条索状分隔或乳头状突起。CT：5例囊腺瘤中3例囊性，2例为不均匀低密度肿物；10例囊腺癌皆为囊性，部分病例见囊壁薄厚不均、乳头状突起、囊内分隔及周围浸润征象。GI：胃肠道受压移位。ERCP见胰管受压移位。结论 B超和CT是诊断胰腺囊性肿瘤的有效方法，二者结合使用可提高诊断率。GI和ERCP在鉴别诊断上有一定价值。     

多种影像学检查对胰腺癌的诊断价值

目的　比较超声内镜（EUS）、体表B超（US）、CT和ERCP对胰腺癌的诊断价值。方法　对180例经超声内镜（EUS）诊断的胰腺癌中具有手术病理诊断,又同期进行过以上各项检查的60例完整的病例进行分析。结果　EUS对胰腺癌的诊断敏感性为90%,特异性为70%,均高于US、CT和ERCP;EUS对胰腺癌TNM各期（T1～T4）的评价能力均高于US、CT和ERCP,分别达T1&T2=50%,T3=62%,T4=90%,总计达75%,对N因素的敏感性为46%,特异性为85%,也高于其他影像检查。结论　EUS联合US、CT及ERCP对胰腺癌的早期诊断及TNM分期均有较高的价值。     

ERCP后CT诊断梗阻性黄疸病因(附25例分析)

目的 评价ERCP后CT对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。方法 25例胆道梗阻性疾病的ERCP后行上腹部螺旋CT容积扫描，在工作站利用软件将图象处理后得到胆道系统MPR和仿真内窥镜图像。结果 25例中，胆管癌2例，砂癌2例，胆总管结石16例，胆总管炎3例，胰头囊性肿瘤1例，胆囊癌侵犯胆总管1例，均经手术或病理证实。结论 ERCP后CT扫描是诊断梗阻性黄疸的一种可靠手段。     

胰腺癌诊断有关问题的探讨

目的 :探讨影像学检查、癌胚抗原 (CEA)和术中活组织检查对胰腺癌的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析我院1990年 2月～ 1999年 8月收治的 86例经手术和病理确诊的胰腺癌病例。结果 :B超、CT和MRI的诊断率分别为6 2 .5 %、76 .5 %和 83.3 % ;PTC和ERCP为 93 .3和 10 0 .0 %。血清CEA检测阳性率为 37.2 % ,随病程发展 ,CEA值和阳性率逐渐升高。结论 :各种冰冻活检和穿刺细胞学检查共 2 7例 ,2 5例诊断为胰腺癌或转移癌。结论 :各种影像学检查对胰腺癌诊断有帮助 ,联检可提高诊断率。胰腺癌中血清CEA有一定的阳性表达 ,可作为胰腺癌病程发展的一个预测指标。术中活检或穿刺细胞学检查有助于获得病理诊断。     

胰腺癌高危评分模型在胰腺癌诊断方面的临床应用价值

目的 探讨胰腺癌高危评分模型的临床应用价值.方法 利用评分模型对我院2006年10月至2009年10月疑诊的75例胰腺癌患者进行前瞻性研究.结果 胰腺癌患者临床三大症状依次为上腹痛55.88%(38/68)、消瘦19.12%(13/68)、黄疸19.12%(13/68).B超、薄层增强CT、内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)、磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)诊断胰腺癌阳性率分别为47.06%(32/68)、88.24%(60/68)、87.88%(29/33)、87.1%(27/31),薄层增强CT与ERCP、MRCP在诊断胰腺癌方面差异无统计学意义,但均优于B超检查(P均相似文献   

Value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in determining the cause but not course of acute pancreatitis.

We have recently shown that ERCP is the most useful technique for detecting a biliary origin of acute pancreatitis and can be done without side effects. We now report on a second series of 50 patients with acute pancreatitis in whom ERCP, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), and clinical and laboratory assessment were performed within the first 24 to 48 hours of hospitalization. A score for ERCP, CT and US was used to assess the severity of the disease. Patients were followed up until discharge or death and their condition classified according to outcome as mild (less than or equal to 1 complication), severe (greater than 1 complication) or fatal. ERCP was superior in detecting choledochal stones (ERCP 100%, US 25%, CT 50%) and dilated intrahepatic ducts (ERCP 75%, US 75%, CT 37%) but not gallbladder stones (ERCP 70%, US 100%, CT 60%). When the ERCP severity score was calculated there was no relevant difference between patients thereafter having a mild course (0.66 +/- 0.91, range 0-3), a severe course (1.3 +/- 0.80, range 0-3), or a fatal outcome (1.0 +/- 1.1, range 0-3). In contrast, the CT score was different in all three groups (mild: 3.0 +/- 1.9; severe: 5.3 +/- 3.2; lethal: 6.3 +/- 3.1) as was the US score (mild: 1.5 +/- 1.3; severe: 3.2 +/- 2.3; lethal: 4.4 +/- 1.4). It is concluded from these results that ERCP is of value in defining the origin of acute pancreatitis. When a biliary origin is detected this can lead to immediate treatment using endoscopic sphincterotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The clinical significance of common bile-duct dilatation in patients without biliary symptoms or causative lesions on ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Although abdominal ultrasonography (US) is a good initial screening method for detection of biliary tract disease, we sometimes encounter patients who only have findings of dilatation of the common bile duct (CBD) on US, without specific biliary symptoms or jaundice. This study aimed to evaluate the causes and clinical significance of dilatation of the CBD in patients without biliary symptoms, jaundice, or causative lesions at US. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 77 patients who had no biliary symptoms and whose internal CBD diameter was more than 7 mm, without definite causative lesions on US, were enrolled. Of these, 49 underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and 28 underwent follow-up US or computed tomography (CT) instead of ERCP. We excluded patients whose bilirubin level had increased beyond the upper normal level or who had previous history of upper abdominal surgery including cholecystectomy. RESULTS: The ERCP findings were as follows: no lesion in 20 patients (40.8%), juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum (JDD) in 11 (22.5%), benign stricture in ten (20.4%), distal CBD mass in two (4.1%), choledochal cyst in two (4.1%), anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary duct (AUPBD) in two (4.1%), and choledochal cyst with AUPBD in two (4.1%). There were no differences in age or in alkaline phosphatase or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels between the patients who had causative lesions revealed at ERCP and those who did not. Among the 28 patients who did not undergo ERCP, 12 had returned to normal and eight had no change in CBD diameter on follow-up US. Among eight patients who underwent CT, there were four with normal findings, one with JDD, and three with suspected choledochal cysts. CONCLUSIONS: We detected a significant number of causative biliary tract lesions in asymptomatic adults with dilatation of the CBD on routine abdominal US; no laboratory or demographic parameters were useful for discrimination. Further diagnostic study will be helpful for the early diagnosis of biliary tract disease in such patients.     

慢性胰腺炎的超声内镜诊断

对３０例慢性胰腺炎作体表腹部超声（ＵＳ）。内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）和超声内镜（ＥＵＳ）对比检查。对胰管、胰实质回声、胰腺形态、胰石及囊肿等特征的研究表明：①ＥＵＳ能清楚地显示主胰管及其扩张程度、胶管狭窄部位、胰石和囊肿情况，ＥＵＳ对胰石和囊肿的发现率优于ＥＲＣＰ（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＥＵＳ对分枝胰管的显示率低于ＥＲＣＰ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；②ＥＵＳ显示扩张的主胰管与ＵＳ比较无差别（Ｐ＞０．０５），对狭窄的主胰管及分枝胰管的显示率和胰石的显示率均高于ＵＳ（Ｐ＜０．０１），对囊肿的显示二者无差别；③ＥＵＳ能对胰实质回声改变进行分型诊断；④年龄增长和ＥＵＳ非连续切面影响对慢性胰腺炎的诊断；⑤ＥＵＳ与ＵＳ和／或ＥＲＣＰ联合检查可提高慢性胰腺炎的正确诊断率．     

A percutaneous biopsy technique for patients with suspected biliary or pancreatic cancer without a radiographic mass

Background: Treatment of malignant pancreatic and/or biliary strictures requires tissue diagnosis. Since cytologic brushings at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) of these strictures has a poor sensitivity for malignancy (30–83%) (see ME Ryan. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 1991;37(2):139–143; and MB Cohen, Wittchow RJ, Johlin FC, et al. Mod Pathol 1995;8:498–502), tissue diagnosis must be obtained by another route. We report our experience of percutaneous biopsy of malignant pancreatic and/or biliary strictures even when no radiographic mass is present. Methods: At ERCP, five patients demonstrated pancreatic and/or biliary duct strictures, had atypical cytological brushings, and had their strictures stented. No mass to account for the strictures could be identified on CT. These five patients underwent percutaneous biopsy of the peri-stent material by CT within 10 days of the ERCP. Results: Two patients had adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. One patient had malignant lymphoma and another had cholangiocarcinoma. One patient had inflammatory cells and was followed. Conclusions: If the diagnosis of malignancy cannot be made at the time of the ERCP sampling, then our experience suggests that a percutaneous biopsy should be performed even if a mass is not present using the stent as a target. Received: 30 January 1996/Accepted: 28 March 1996     

胰腺病变的CT鉴别诊断（附46例分析）

目的：分析胰腺病变的多种ＣＴ特征。方法：回顾性分析２９例经手术与病理症实的胰腺肿瘤和１７例急慢性胰腺炎随访病例的ＣＴ图像和临床有关资料。结果;胰腺病变除引起腺局灶性或弥漫性体积增大和ＣＴ值异常等直接征象外,还有多种胰周间接证象。结论：增强ＣＴ扫描和采用低张口服清水作为对经经腺体病变的鉴别诊断中具有重要价值。     

Polycystic liver disease with obstructive jaundice: Treatment with ultrasound-guided cyst aspiration

A 59-year-old woman with polycystic liver (PCLD) and kidney disease (PCKD) presented with jaundice, fever, and abdominal pain. A computered tomographic (CT) scan performed immediately after an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) clearly demonstrated a hepatic cyst obstructing the biliary system. The cyst was then aspirated under ultrasound guidance with complete relief of obstruction.     

B超、CT与MRI诊断胆管结石的比较研究

目的 比较B超、CT与MRI各成像序列对胆管结石的诊断价值.方法 23例临床拟诊胆管结石的患者行B超和MRI检查,其中10例行同期CT扫描.最后诊断均经手术或经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)证实.依据影像诊断报告结果总结B超、CT与MRI诊断胆管结石的准确性,并通过回顾性分析CT与MRI脉冲序列图像探讨各种技术的优缺点.结果 23例病人中,22例有胆管结石,1例手术中未见胆管内结石.B超诊断结石12例,其中1例假阳性,诊断准确度48%(11/23).CT诊断结石8例,假阴性2例,诊断准确度80%(8/10).MRI诊断结石20例,其中1例假阳性,诊断准确度83%(19/23).在MRI各序列中,磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)显示胆管结石最直观,轴位T2WI与T1WI是MRCP的有益补充.结论 诊断胆管结石时,B超可作为初步筛查方法.CT与MRI的诊断准确性较高,且后者多序列多方向的成像能力可补充B超与CT的不足.     

Blunt Pancreatic Head Hematoma as an Infrequent Cause of Delayed Obstructive Jaundice

Background

Blunt pancreatic injury is a rare type of abdominal trauma. It is a challenge to physicians due to difficulties in early diagnosis and associated complications. Most simple cases of pancreas contusion and hematoma can be safely treated conservatively. Nevertheless, the possibility of delayed mass effect and complications always exists.

Objectives

We present a case with delayed complications after blunt pancreatic trauma.

Case Report

A 70-year-old woman with simple pancreatic head hematoma was treated conservatively. A delayed obstructive jaundice occurred 4 weeks subsequent to the trauma. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with biliary stent placement provided a successful treatment instead of surgical intervention.

Conclusion

A pancreatic hematoma after blunt abdominal trauma can be complicated by common bile duct obstruction with a delayed onset of obstructive jaundice. The application of ERCP with placement of a biliary stent was effective in this case. Conscientious follow-up and serial imaging studies should be utilized in patients with an initial presentation of an uncomplicated pancreatic head hematoma.     

Pancreatic duct evaluation: accuracy of portal venous phase 64 MDCT

Background  Many patients presenting with nonspecific signs and symptoms often receive CT scans using general protocols, not optimized to evaluate for pancreatic pathology. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate portal venous phase 64 multi-row detector CT (MDCT) scans for detecting pancreatic duct strictures, stones, pancreas divisum, and communication between pancreatic ducts and cystic pancreatic lesions. Methods  Institutional review board approval with waived informed consent was obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study. We included all patients that underwent abdominal, portal venous phase, intravenous contrast-enhanced 64 MDCT scans between 6/7/05 and 5/01/07 and MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) or endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERCP) within 2 months of the CT. This yielded 93 patients (42 males, 51 females) with a mean age of 59 years. In addition to CT, 75 patients underwent MRCP and 37 patients underwent ERCP. Two radiologists independently evaluated the CT images, including multiplanar and minimum intensity pixel projection reformations, for pancreatic duct strictures, stones, pancreas divisum, or cystic pancreatic lesions. The latter were classified as communicating or not communicating with the pancreatic ducts. Findings on ERCP or MRCP were used to calculate diagnostic performance parameters. Results  On standard of reference examinations, 15 (16%) of the 93 patients had a pancreatic duct stricture. The sensitivity and the specificity for Observer 1 were 87% and 100%, respectively; for Observer 2, 100% and 100%, respectively. Six (6%) of the 93 patients had main pancreatic duct stones. The sensitivity and the specificity for Observer 1 were 83% and 100%, respectively; for Observer 2, 100% and 99%, respectively. Five (5%) patients had pancreas divisum; Observer 1 correctly identified four and Observer 2 correctly identified three cases. Eleven (12%) patients had cystic pancreatic lesions. Observer 1 correctly determined whether or not there was communication between the cystic pancreatic lesion and the pancreatic duct in ten cases; Observer 2 correctly made this determination in nine cases. Conclusion  Portal venous phase 64 MDCT images are moderately sensitive and highly specific for detecting pancreatic duct stricture, stones, and pancreas divisum and moderately accurate for detecting communication between pancreatic ducts and cystic pancreatic lesions.     

婴儿型多囊肾的影像学诊断

目的 提高对婴儿型多囊肾（ＩＰＫＤ０的影像学认识。方法 ３例婴儿型多囊肾分别进行了分泌性尿路造影、超声扫描、ＣＴ或／和ＭＲＩ检查。１例作肝穿刺活检。结果 超声表现为肾内弥漫性强回声,ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现为肾脏增大,呈分叶状,增强扫描典型表现为放射状排列的高密度或高信号影,肝脾肿大,肝纤维化。结论 影像学综合检查可明确婴儿型多囊肾的诊断。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的影像学诊断进展

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤是一种位于扩张的主胰管和(或)分支胰管内、伴大量黏液分泌的肿瘤,易与慢性胰腺炎或胰腺囊腺瘤混淆而延误诊断.本文就国内外近年来关于胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的临床病理学及影像学研究进展进行综述,评价不同影像技术(US、CT、MRCP、ERCP)在胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤诊断中的作用.     

ERCP与B型超声检查和CT对梗阻性黄疸诊断的对比研究

目的：探讨体表B超(US)，CT与ERCP对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。方法：72例病人经影像学或手术病理证实为梗阻性黄疸作为对象，对其US，CT和ERcP检查结果作回顾性研究。结果：US，CT和ERCP的诊断符合率分别为65．27％(47／72)，76．38％(55／72)和96．56％(56／58)。结论：不同的诊断方法对不同原因所致的梗阻性黄疽的敏感度不同，ERCP对梗阻性黄疸的定性及定位起着决定性的作用，US可作为首选方法。联合应用不同的诊断方法可提高诊断的敏感度。