四城市社区公共卫生服务项目成本测算

目的：测算沈阳、成都和西宁等4城市社区公共卫生服务项目成本．为完善其社区卫生服务补偿机制提供基本依据。方法：调查社区卫生服务机构在提供社区公共卫生服务过程中6大类成本的消耗情况．用成本测算方法计算出各服务项目的成本。结果：2003年各城市开展的公共卫生服务项目和准公共卫生服务项目平均为13项和10项，其人均成本平均为0．74元和1．07元结论：4城市社区公共卫生服务项目成本较低，按各市目前开展规模测算，政府投入明显不足     

城市社区公共卫生服务财政补偿绩效评价机制研究

从建立缋效评价机制的依据、主要思路、建立绩效评价机制的意义等方面,探讨了城市社区公共卫生服务财政补偿绩效评价机制.旨在提高城市社区公共卫生服务财政补偿经费的使用效益,改善社区公共卫生服务的质量和效果,促进城市社区卫生服务可持续发展.     

深圳市基本公共卫生服务项目成本测算研究

目的分析深圳市公共卫生服务成本及其构成情况,为社区公共卫生服务项目补偿制度提供科学的依据。方法随机抽取深圳市67家社区健康服务中心进行公共卫生服务成本测算和调查。结果深圳市2013年基本公共卫生服务项目的实际项目总成本为21766.41万元,标化后的项目成本为23032.16万元,标化后的项目总成本高于实际项目总成本,人均成本为68.47。结论深圳市人均基本卫生服务成本与实际需求相比较低,公共卫生服务投入有待进一步提高,政府应根据公共卫生服务项目内涵的变化,结合深圳市人口结构、经济发展状况,提高基本公共卫生服务项目的经费补助以及进行资源的合理配置。     

上海市社区公共卫生服务优先项目服务包成本核算研究

目前,很多地区公共卫生经费投入主观性较强,缺少成本测算数据的支持。拟在抽样调查上海市5区、县开展社区公共卫生服务情况的基础上,以时间分配系数法为主,对社区公共卫生服务优先项目服务包成本进行测算,为上海市社区公共卫生服务均等化政府投入提供参考依据。     

基本公共卫生经费按项目成本付费方式研究

为探索合理、有效的公共卫生经费补偿方案、提高经费使用效率,本研究以北京市丰台区为例,选取7个社区卫生服务中心,通过台账登记的方式收集成本测算的各项数据,并对各项目成本进行整理与测算分析。结果显示：开展基本公共卫生服务的人均服务成本为40元,当前的公共卫生服务经费标准应根据物价水平进行调整。建议公共卫生经费应在保证公共卫生服务正常开展的基础上,按照不同的公共卫生项目,通过绩效考核方式进行拨付,使公共卫生服务经费使用效率最大化。     

基本公共卫生服务的补偿或支付标准国内外研究概况

目的:探讨国内外补偿标准,探究适应中国国情的基本公卫补偿机制,推动基本公卫服务健康有序发展.方法:通过文献学习法,罗列并分析当前国内外关于基本公卫服务补偿支付标准的利与弊.结果:基本公共卫生服务补偿标准有按照签约人头数向社区卫生服务机构以及家庭医生支付提供公共卫生服务的补偿费用;有少数按服务项目支付,按照服务项目的数量与质量进行补偿;也有部分基于时间收费来补偿.结论:基本公共卫生服务的补偿或支付标准的核算是国家基本公共卫生服务项目落实的起始也是极为关键的环节,它关系到政府对相关机构的基本公共卫生项目的经费投入与任务要求之间能否相适应.依据中国基层实情,有必要对基层实施的国家基本公共卫生服务项目成本进行测算,明确国家基本公共卫生服务项目成本现状、差距和经费投入需求,创新补偿标准机制.     

云南省妇幼保健公共卫生服务项目准成本测算研究

目的 :为了探索妇幼保健公共卫生服务财政补偿方式、范围及强度 ,更好地落实财政补偿政策。方法 :采用分层整群随机抽样和专题小组讨论等方法 ,对我省 2 0个妇幼保健院公共卫生服务项目准成本测算和财政补偿政策进行调查研究。结果 :1妇幼保健机构财政投入逐年增加 ,但经费仍显不足 ;2标化界定了省、地、县三级妇幼保健机构主要公共卫生服务项目及准成本测算情况 ;3提出了妇幼保健机构以机构编制人员确定经费 ,以工作任务确定经费 ,以服务对象的数量确定经费等多种财政补偿方式及不同机构需补偿经费等建议。结论 :由于各级政府的重视及国际组织的援助 ,各级妇幼保健院的服务经费不断增加 ,促进了妇幼保健的开展 ,但仍需根据妇幼保健机构是公益性的公共卫生服务机构的定位、新世纪的要求、存在的问题和困难 ,制定实施有关补偿政策 ,以利于促进妇幼保健机构的持续发展     

玉溪市妇幼保健公共卫生服务项目财政补偿范围及成本测算调研报告

为贯彻《关于卫生改革与发展》和《关于城镇医药卫生体制改革的指导意见》,依据将实施的妇幼保健机构财政补助政策 ,开展了妇幼保健公共卫生服务项目财政补偿范围及测算标准调研工作。以 2 0 0 0年院内财务收支为基础 ,测算财政投入与实际支出的差额 ,测算公共卫生服务项目所需成本及总金额 ,提出纯公共卫生服务由政府负责全额投入 ;准公共卫生服务原则上由政府投入承担成本经费 ,提供设施建设及维护和人力成本的全部费用 ,对其中发生的公务费、业务费、材料消耗和电力交通等成本费用由财政补助 ,其余根据当地经济状况和群众承受能力收费补偿 ,由受益者个人承担。基本医疗保障服务应在国家核定的人员编制和国家规定的标准核定人员经费后 ,根据当地实际和财政收支情况确定政府补助补偿范围、强度和比重 ,在政府财政指导下实施统一收费项目与价格办法。     

城市贫困人口社区医疗救助项目成本测算研究

目的测算沈阳、成都、西宁、和银川四城市贫困人口社区医疗救助项目成本，为完善城市贫困人口医疗救助补偿机制提供基本依据。方法调查收集2003年试点社区卫生服务机构在提供卫生服务过程中六大类成本的消耗情况以及实际提供各类社区卫生服务的数量，测算出各服务项目的成本，进而测算出贫困人口医疗救助项目成本。结果各城市贫困人口医疗救助项目的人均成本在5元以下，医疗救助项目的总成本占各市财政支出的比重大多在0．05‰左右。结论社区医疗救助项目成本低廉，政府应给予合理补偿，建立以社区卫生服务为基础的贫困人口医疗救助机制符合我国国情。     

昆明、个旧两市社区卫生服务运行成本分析

为了解目前云南省城市社区卫生服务运行的成本状况，测算了昆明市、个旧市社区卫生服务的总成本、人均成本、扣除财政补助后的人均成本，并分析了财政补助水平与社区卫生服务成本的差额；人均财政补助与人均社区卫生服务成本的差额。根据测算结果，提出了进一步明确社区卫生因务中的公共卫生服务项目，以确定财政补助范围；加强公共卫生服务项目成本核算，完善经济补偿机制，促进社区卫生服务的可持续发展。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.