杭州市5岁儿童龋病和口腔健康行为的调查

目的 对杭州市5岁儿童龋病和口腔健康行为进行调查和分析。方法 采用横断面研究的方法,928名5岁儿童参加本研究。采用世界卫生组织口腔健康流行病学抽样调查方案中的标准检查龋病情况,通过问卷收集儿童的口腔健康行为。结果 杭州市5岁儿童的乳牙患龋率52.2%,龋均2.43,龋齿充填构成比9.9%。30.8%的儿童每天至少刷牙2次以上,仅仅12.3%的儿童在过去的1年内拜访过牙医,59.2%的儿童每天吃含糖食品3次以上。结论 杭州市5岁儿童乳牙患龋率较高,且儿童的口腔健康行为不够理想。     

湖北省黄石市6岁儿童口腔健康状况和行为

目的　了解湖北省黄石市 6岁儿童口腔健康状况和口腔健康行为。方法　调查对象为湖北省黄石市城区和农村 4所小学 5 97名 6岁儿童。结果　 6岁儿童的乳牙患龋率为 73.9% ,龋均 3.36。城市儿童乳牙的患龋率和龋均在统计学上均显著高于农村儿童。在 6岁年龄组中 ,36 %的儿童每天刷牙 2次以上 ,5 9%的儿童每天刷牙 1次。 6 1%的儿童使用氟化牙膏。大约 2 5 %的儿童在过去 1年拜访过牙医 ,5 1%的儿童从来就没有拜访过牙医。结论　在小学应该开展口腔健康教育和口腔保健项目     

湖北省黄石市12岁儿童口腔健康状况、行为、态度的系统分析

目的：本研究旨在对湖北省黄石市12岁儿童的口腔健康状况、态度和行为进行系统调查和全面的分析。方法：调查对象为湖北省黄石市城区和农村4所中小学12岁儿童。结果：12岁儿童的恒牙患龋率22．0％，龋均0．40。31％的儿童每天至少刷牙两次以上，17％的学生在一年内拜访过牙医。和居住在农村的学生相比，居住在城市里的学生拥有更积极的口腔保健态度，使用含氟牙膏、每天刷牙两次和在一年内拜访牙医的人数更多。结论：在中小学校应该开展口腔健康教育和口腔保健项目。     

社会行为危险因素与儿童龋病的关系初探

目的：调查儿童口腔健康状况，探讨儿童患龋情况与社会行为危险因素之间的关系。方法：调查对象为湖北省宜昌市15所小学6—7岁儿童1356名及他们的母亲。采用WHO龋病诊断标准调查儿童患龋情况。采用母亲问卷的调查方法收集儿童和母亲的口腔健康态度、行为以及相关影响因素。结果：1356名6—7岁儿童乳牙患龋率72．9％，龋均3．7。影响儿童龋齿发生的因素是餐间吃甜食、含糖食品的消费和儿童使用氟化牙膏，其中餐间吃甜食是影响龋病最危险的因素。结论：儿童的饮食习惯和氟化牙膏的使用影响儿童的口腔健康状况。     

泰州市6～7岁儿童口腔健康状况、行为及其影响因素的调查研究

目的 调查泰州市6～7岁儿童的口腔健康状况和及其影响因素。方法 随机抽取泰州市10所小学1 800名6～7岁儿童,按WHO龋病诊断标准调查儿童患龋情况。采用母亲问卷和教师问卷的调查方法收集儿童的口腔健康态度、行为以及相关影响因素。结果 泰州市1 800名6～7岁儿童乳牙患龋率为68.2%,龋均为3.54,龋面均为8.24;恒牙患龋率为5.2%,龋均为0.07,面均为0.08,33.80%的儿童每天刷牙2次以上,59.10%的儿童每天刷牙1次,4.62%的儿童很少或从不刷牙。61.28%的儿童使用含氟牙膏。大约25.32%的儿童在过去1年拜访过牙医,59.20%儿童每天吃含糖食品3次以上。结论 泰州市儿童患龋率高于全国2008年口腔流行病学调查结果。     

上海市1296名3~5岁儿童龋病及其相关危险因素分析

目的 了解上海市3~5岁儿童低龄儿童龋患病情况及相关危险因素,为龋病防治提供参考。方法 根据第4次全国口腔健康流行病学调查要求,采用多阶段分层、等容量随机抽样方法,抽取上海市1 296名4个区、12个幼儿园中3~5岁儿童进行龋病检查,对其家长进行口腔健康知识问卷调查。采用SPSS 21.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果 上海市3~5岁儿童的乳牙患龋率、龋均分别为58.07%、2.99,各年龄组及性别间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。龋病相关单因素分析及多因素Logistics回归分析均显示,饮用甜饮料频率高、睡前吃甜食、刷牙频率少于每天1次、开始刷牙年龄大于2岁、家长受教育程度低及口腔健康知识水平差是患龋的危险因素。结论 上海市3~5岁儿童乳牙患龋率较高,加强儿童的饮食习惯及口腔卫生行为教育,提高家长口腔健康知识水平,是防治儿童龋病的有效途径。     

东莞市12岁儿童龋病现状及其行为影响因素分析

目的:研究东莞市城乡12岁儿童恒牙龋病现状及其行为影响因素,分析两者之间的关系,为东莞市儿童口腔卫生保健工作提供科学依据。方法:采用多阶段、分层、整群、随机抽样的方法,抽取东莞市12岁城乡常住人口604人,检查全口恒牙龋病的患病状况并用问卷调查的方式收集全部受检儿童口腔健康行为等相关因素。结果:东莞市12岁儿童患龋率和龋均分别是40.89%和1.47。Logistic回归分析显示:口腔保健知识掌握越多的儿童其患龋率越低,食用水果的频率越高,儿童患龋率也相应增加。结论:东莞市12岁儿童患龋水平较高,口腔卫生行为较差,口腔保健知识掌握情况是致龋最为重要的影响因素,食用水果的频率是危险因素。     

银川市儿童青少年龋病患病趋势分析

的　分析银川市儿童青少年龋病患病的发展趋势及特点。方法　1990、1996和2001年采用WHO口腔 流行病学调查方法对银川市3岁、5岁、12岁和15岁的儿童青少年进行调查,记录龋均、龋面均和龋齿充填比率,并 进行统计分析。结果　1990~2001年,3岁、5岁和12岁儿童青少年的龋患呈下降趋势(P<0·01), 15岁青少年龋 患无明显变化;少部分儿童乳牙龋患严重;龋齿的充填比率较低。结论　随着口腔健康教育的开展,银川市儿童青 少年龋患呈下降趋势,但应加强对龋易感儿童的诊断、预防和早期治疗,提高龋齿充填比率。     

广州市5岁儿童乳牙龋病相关因素分析

目的调查5岁儿童乳牙患龋情况及相关影响因素,为儿童龋病预防提供资料。方法采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法抽取720名5岁儿童进行乳牙龋病检查,同时对其家长进行现场问卷调查。对调查结果先采用卡方检验行单因素分析,再行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果乳牙患龋率和龋均分别为57.50%、2.90,男女间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。单因素分析表明家庭的孩子数、儿童进食甜食的习惯、儿童开始刷牙的年龄、每天刷牙的次数、父母是否检查孩子的刷牙效果、对含氟牙膏的知晓率、对孩子口腔健康的评价、家长的学历等相关因素都对乳牙患龋有明显影响。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析表明儿童进食糖水的频率、家长对口腔健康的评价、家长的学历是儿童乳牙患龋的危险因素。结论儿童家长应提高对口腔健康知识的知晓率,主动采取利于口腔健康的行为,以帮助儿童建立健康的口腔行为。     

北京市西城区老年人患龋状况调查分析

目的了解北京市西城65～74岁老年人患龋率,分析影响患龋的因素.方法随机抽取西城区65～74岁老年人630名进行患龋状况调查,对其中1/2样本进行问卷调查,有效问卷283份,统计分析龋齿与影响因素间的关系.结果患龋率83%,龋均6.46;根面龋患病率13.2%.有无茶水漱口习惯,是否用保健牙刷,每天刷牙次数和是否曾看过牙医对龋易感性有影响.结论与第2次全国口腔健康调查相比,65～74岁老年人患龋率,龋均和需治疗牙数增加.每天刷牙2次或以上,使用保健牙刷,和有用茶水漱口习惯的老年人患龋危险性较低,看过牙医的人患龋率较高.     

南京市12岁儿童第一恒磨牙龋病影响因素分析

目的:探讨南京市12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋情况及其影响因素。方法:采用随机抽样的方法抽取南京市12岁儿童660名,进行口腔健康检查和口腔问卷调查。数据采用SPSS 13.0统计软件处理,分析12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋率与影响因素的关系。结果:南京市12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋率31.1%,男生患龋率29.6%,女生患龋率32.2%。Logistic回归分析显示,饮用碳酸饮料和第一恒磨牙是否做过窝沟封闭这两个因素与12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋有显著关联(OR>1)。结论:碳酸饮料是龋病的危险因素,做窝沟封闭可以降低患龋的危险性。     

儿童乳牙患龋状况及其家庭口腔健康行为的差异

目的研究家庭口腔健康行为对辽宁省城乡儿童乳牙患龋状况的影响。方法采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法,运用世界卫生组织《口腔健康调查基本方法》诊断标准对辽宁省城乡792名5岁儿童进行乳牙龋病检查,并随机抽取50%受检者的家长进行问卷调查。结果1）辽宁省5岁儿童乳牙患龋率为73.86%,龋均（dmft）为4.38;其中城市儿童乳牙患龋率为64.14%,农村儿童乳牙患龋率为83.59%,城乡之间儿童乳牙患龋率具有统计学差异（P<0.01）。2）口腔健康行为分析表明,农村儿童进食糖果、巧克力、糖水、碳酸饮料、果汁等的频率高于城市。城市儿童开始刷牙时间、频率、用含氟牙膏的比例均高于农村。城市家长普遍学历高,收入多,儿童定期检查和采取预防措施的人数高于农村。结论辽宁省,尤其是农村地区应加强对家庭口腔健康行为的教育。     

Food and drink consumption,sociodemographic factors and dental caries in 4-5-year-old children in Amman,Jordan

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between type of food and drink consumption, sociodemographic factors and prevalence and severity of caries in 4-5-year-old Jordanian children. METHOD: Two-stage random sampling procedure was used to select children enrolled in kindergartens in Amman. Clinical examinations were carried out by one examiner. Mothers completed a questionnaire relating to sociodemographic factors and food and drink consumption. RESULTS: Snack foods were consumed by a high percentage of children. Amongst the most popular 'high in NME sugar snacks', confectionery was reported to be regularly consumed by 76% and biscuits and cakes by 71% of them. More than 50% had carbonated drinks. Children from a lower social class, attending a kindergarten with lower tuition fees had more dessert, squashes and more teas with sugar. When all variables were considered, consumption of confectionery was independently associated with caries prevalence and consumption of teas with sugar was independently associated with caries severity. CONCLUSION: The types of foods and drinks consumed as snacks by young Jordanian children were similar to those of Western countries. In the absence of more widespread oral health promotion measures and in the presence of high prevalence and severity of caries,the oral health of Jordanian children is a matter of concern.     

Total sugar consumption and dental caries in Europe--an overview

Sugar is the principal substrate for microorganisms causing dental caries. Positive correlations between caries prevalence and total sugar consumption in cross-sectional comparisons between different countries have been shown. This overview aims to relate caries prevalence at the age of 12 years to the total sugar consumption/person in 1970 and 1980 in European countries and also to give information about the trends in the two variables. Nationally representative oral health surveys have been quite rare and only a few studies on sugar consumption were identified. Nevertheless, there seemed to be a clear general trend of decreasing dental caries with only a minor decrease in total sugar consumption in the European countries studied.     

大连开发区3岁儿童乳牙龋病患病状况及相关因素分析

目的:了解大连开发区3岁儿童乳牙龋病患病状况及影响因素.方法:采用多阶段、整群随机抽样方法,抽取15所幼儿园里全部3岁儿童进行口腔健康检查和儿童家长的问卷调查.参照世界卫生组织推荐龋病诊断标准,问卷内容包括儿童的基本信息、口腔卫生习惯、饮食习惯,家长的口腔健康知识及口腔健康态度以及社会经济因素.使用SPSS 16.0对数据进行统计分析,计算乳牙龋患病率和龋均.采用卡方检验,独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析以及Logistic回归分析比较组间差异及龋病的影响因素.结果:共有1220名3岁儿童完成口腔健康检查,其中964名儿童家长(79.8％)完成问卷调查.3岁儿童乳牙龋病患病率为62.8％,龋均3.40,龋面均7.34,男女间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Logistic回归分析显示儿童摄入甜食和含糖饮料的频率(P＜0.05),父母的最高学历水平(P＜0.05)与儿童是否患龋相关.结论:大连开发区3岁儿童乳牙龋病患病状况较严重,患龋与进食含糖食物和饮料的频率及家长的教育水平有相关性.     

陕西省中小学生龋病抽样调查及其趋势的分析

目的：通过对陕西地区中小学生患龋情况的调查和对比分析，了解龋病的流行情况以及防治成效。方法：由高年资的口腔专科医生，按照中国学生体质、健康状况监测手册诊断标准，采用随机整群抽样法，于2000年调查了西安、汉中、延安三地区7岁、9岁、12岁、14岁和17岁5个年龄组男女学生共计3000名。进行统计学分析，并与1995年相应资料对比。结果：陕西地区中小学生乳牙患龋率为24．7％，充填率为6．41％，恒牙相应为9．07％和9．61％。乳牙龋病高发年龄段为7～9岁，恒牙龋病高发年龄段为14—17岁。患龋率和充填率存在地区、城乡差异，无性别差异。患病情况较1995年显著改善。结论：坚持中小学生口腔卫生健康教育，建设全方位多层次口腔医疗保健机构，做好口腔保健预防检查工作，保障青少年的口腔健康。     

Association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in schoolchildren

Despite improvement, dental caries is still the main public oral health problem worldwide and the major cause of pain, tooth loss and chewing difficulties in children and adolescents; and it impacts negatively on oral health-related quality of life. A cross-sectional study of a multistage representative sample of 8–12-year-old Brazilian school children was carried out in order to investigate the association between enamel defects and dental caries. Children's mothers completed a questionnaire about socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics at home. Firth's bias reduced logistic regression models were undertaken to assess the association between the main exposure (enamel defects) and caries experience. The prevalence of any enamel defect was 64.0%; the prevalence of diffuse opacities, demarcated opacities and enamel hypoplasia was 35.0%, 29.5% and 3.7%, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries was 32.4%, with mean DMFT of 0.6 (SD, 1.2). Dental caries experience was more common among children who had enamel hypoplasia in their posterior teeth (OR = 2.79; 95% CI: 1.05, 6.51) than among those with none. In anterior teeth, there was no association. Enamel hypoplasia appears to be an important risk factor for dental caries.     

Relationship between height and dental caries in adolescents

Taller stature is associated with better health status. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that taller Brazilian adolescents have lower levels of caries experience. Data were collected through questionnaires, clinical examinations for oral health and anthropometric measures from a cross-sectional study conducted in Goiania, Brazil, on 664 randomly selected 15-year-old schoolchildren. Variables analyzed were adolescents' caries experience (DMFT and DMFS index) as outcome variables, height as an explanatory variable and social class, school performance, exposure to fluoride, frequency of sugar consumption and pattern of dental attendance as possible confounders. Polytomous ordered regression was used in the data analysis. A decreased risk of having higher DMFT levels was found among taller adolescents in quintile 3 (OR = 0.63, CI 0.40-0.99) and in the highest quintile (OR = 0.54, CI 0.35-0.82), while an increased risk was found among those from low social class compared with those from high social class (OR = 1.45, CI 1.10-1.91) and those who had at least one school failure compared with those who had never failed (OR = 1.57, CI 1.17-2.10). A decreased risk of having higher DMFS levels was found among the tallest adolescents (OR = 0.55, CI 0.36-0.83), while an increased risk was found among those from low social class compared with those from high social class (OR = 1.57, CI 1.20-2.07) and those who had at least one school failure compared with those who had never failed (OR = 1.66, CI 1.24-2.23). The hypothesis that taller adolescents have lower levels of caries experience was confirmed in the sample of the present study.     

Risk factors in dental caries

The three main factors in dental caries--diet, microflora and a susceptible tooth--were identified almost 100 years ago. Since that time a large number of further local and general risk factors have been identified. Diet has long been suspected of contributing towards the caries process but positive proof of its role has been difficult to establish. However, the total consumption of sugar, as well as the frequency of its intake, undoubtedly contributes to the onset of dental caries. Diet is a dominant variable in determining dental caries prevalence and it can mask other factors. Differences of opinion exist as to whether specific micro-organisms are the cause of dental caries. There is, however, substantial evidence to support the key role of mutans streptococci in the process. Among local risk factors are the form and arrangement of teeth, salivary flow and oral hygiene. General risk factors include age, sex, race, geographic location and social class. In fact, the whole social-cultural environment of the community in which the individual lives may have an influence on the development of dental caries.     

先天性心脏病儿童龋齿患病情况及相关因素研究

目的研究先心病儿童龋病患病情况并分析其影响因素。方法选取北京安贞医院小儿心脏病房100例2~15岁先心病儿童进行患龋状况调查并对其进行问卷调查,收回有效问卷100份,统计分析龋齿与其影响因素间的关系。结果先心病儿童乳牙列及混合牙列期龋患率为57.6%和54.2%,5岁组龋均为3.94,非青紫型儿童龋失补牙数大于青紫型儿童（P=0.014）。结论与第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查结果相比,先心病儿童乳牙列及混合牙列期龋患率高,龋齿充填率低。进食含糖类食品频率低的儿童龋齿发病率低,受教育水平高的父母孩子口内的龋齿少。