Gait and Glasgow Coma Scale scores can predict functional recovery in patients with traumatic brain injury

Fifty-one patients with mild(n = 14),moderate(n = 10) and severe traumatic brain injury(n = 27) received early rehabilitation.Level of consciousness was evaluated using the Glasgow Coma Score.Functional level was determined using the Glasgow Outcome Score,whilst mobility was evaluated using the Mobility Scale for Acute Stroke.Activities of daily living were assessed using the Barthel Index.Following Bobath neurodevelopmental therapy,the level of consciousness was significantly improved in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury,but was not greatly influenced in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.Mobility and functional level were significantly improved in patients with mild,moderate and severe traumatic brain injury.Gait recovery was more obvious in patients with mild traumatic brain injury than in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury.Activities of daily living showed an improvement but this was insignificant except for patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Nevertheless,complete recovery was not acquired at discharge.Multiple regression analysis showed that gait and Glasgow Coma Scale scores can be considered predictors of functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury.     

后循环动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗

目的探讨后循环动脉瘤血管内介入治疗的临床应用。方法 14例后循环动脉瘤患者Hunt&Hess分级分为Ⅱ级11例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例;数字减影血管造影(DSA)显示椎动脉瘤2例,小脑后下动脉远端动脉瘤5例,基底动脉尖动脉瘤2例,基底动脉末端动脉瘤1例,小脑前下动脉瘤2例,大脑后动脉瘤2例。入组者均给予血管内介入治疗,其中7例囊性动脉瘤采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞术,5例采用Onxy胶载瘤动脉局部栓塞术,分别有1例应用支架辅助微弹簧圈栓塞术及支架塑形术。结果术后DSA显示动脉瘤完全栓塞10例,近全栓塞3例。1例支架塑形术后梭形膨出明显好转。格拉斯哥预后量表评分为5分12例,3分1例,2分1例。随访3个月～5年,8例恢复正常,1例左侧偏瘫,1例死亡,4例失访。结论颅内后循环动脉瘤多为复杂动脉瘤,个体化血管内介入治疗是安全、有效的方法。     

前循环动脉瘤显微外科手术治疗

目的 探讨前循环动脉瘤患者的手术时机,总结临床经验.方法 回顾分析210例前循环动脉瘤患者显微外科手术资料,其中183例伴蛛网膜下隙出血患者Hunt-Hess分级为I ～Ⅱ级82例、Ⅲ级77例、Ⅳ级21例和V级3例.结果 共199例行动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭术,11例行动脉瘤切除包裹术.Glasgow预后分级恢复良好者97例(46.19%)、轻残80例(38.09%)、重残24例(11.43%)、死亡9例(4.29%).结论 前循环动脉瘤的显微外科手术需根据患者具体情况选择手术时机,对不同类型前循环动脉瘤术中的判断及处理措施,是手术获得成功的重要因素.     

Endovascular treatment of subarachnoid arterial aneurysms in the acute period. Preliminary results.

The authors report their preliminary experience concerning the endovascular treatment of ruptured subarachnoid aneurysms during the acute phase in 9 patients. The endovascular approach was only used in Hunt and Hess grade IV or V patients, as an alternative to surgical clipping and in cases considered technically difficult for surgery (extremity of the basilar artery). No particular technical difficulties were encountered, except for a case with vasospasm. Further experience is needed to evaluate the benefit of this method during the acute phase.     

西藏高原地区血管内介入治疗破裂颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨西藏高原地区经血管内介入治疗破裂出血的颅内动脉瘤的安全性、有效性及可行性.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2010年11月我院经血管内介入治疗的8例破裂出血的颅内动脉瘤.8例患者均行DSA检查确诊,并根据动脉瘤的特点实施个性化血管内介入治疗:5例行弹簧圈栓塞术,2例行支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术,1例行单纯支架贴敷术.结果 8例中完全栓塞6例,次全栓塞1例,单纯支架贴敷1例.术中复查DSA显示:动脉瘤显影消失7例,单纯支架置入后瘤腔内对比剂滞留1例.1例宽颈动脉瘤行支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术后出现对侧肢体偏瘫(肌力0级),经给予加强抗凝、抗血小板聚集、改善微循环等治疗后,下肢肌力恢复至Ⅴ级,上至肌力恢复至接近Ⅴ级.除术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ级、GCS评分4分的1例因继发严重脑积水恢复至Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ级、GCS评分7分外,其余7例均恢复正常.门诊随访1-5个月,无再出血或缺血事件发生.结论 高原地区经血管内介入治疗破裂出血的颅内动脉瘤是安全、有效的,但围手术期的处理具有高原特色.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the safety, efficacy and feasibility of endovascular interventional therapeutic techniques for ruptured hemorrhagic intracranial aneurysms in highland in Tibet. Methods Retrospectively analyzed the therapeutic effects of endovascular interventional treatment for ruptured hemorrhagic intracranial aneurysms in 8 cases in highland in Tibet 8 cases were performed DSA for accurate diagnosis and individualized endovascular interventional treatment were undergone according to the feature of the aneurysms; coiling in 5 cases, coiling with assistance of stent in 2 and pure stenting in 1. Results Among the 8 cases complete embolization was gained in 6 and hypo - complete embolization in 1. DSA review during procedure showed the image of aneurysm disappeared in 7 cases and retention of contrast agent inside the aneurysm in the case which was purely stented. Contralateral hemiplegia of limbs which muscle strength was 0 grade occurred in 1 case with wide - necked aneurysm treated by coiling with stent assistance after procedure. After the intensive treatment of antiplatelet, anticoagulation and to improve microcirculation, the muscle strength recovered to Ⅴ grade in the lower limb and near Ⅴ grade in the upper limb. After procedure except 1 case whose Hunt & Hess grade was in Ⅵ and GCS was 4 improved Hunt & Hess grade to Ⅲ and GCS to 4 because of secondary severe hydrocephalus, the other cases were all well recovered. During 1 to 5 months following - up of outpatient no re - hemorrhagic or ischemic event occurred. Conclusions Endovascular interventional treatment is safe, mini- invasive, effective and feasible for ruptured hemorrhagic intracranial aneurysms in highland in Tibet, but the peri - operative management was highland characteristic.     

Treatment of ruptured internal carotid artery trunk aneurysms: feasibility of endovascular trapping or proximal obliteration of the ICA

Objective

Ruptured aneurysms arising from non-branching sites of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are often difficult to treat by neck clipping or endosaccular coiling. We discuss the feasibility of simple endovascular ICA ligation or trapping to treat aneurysms.

Methods

Data from eleven patients were retrospectively analyzed regarding Hunt and Hess grade on admission, angiographic collateral capacities during digital carotid compression, results of balloon test occlusion of the ipsilateral ICA, type of treatment, and Glasgow outcome scale at discharge.

Results

First endovascular treatments were performed by day 5 in four cases. Two patients with good clinical grade and good collateral capacity underwent endovascular ICA trapping in the acute stage and showed good outcomes. Two patients displaying poor clinical grade but good collaterals underwent endosaccular embolization. These aneurysms recurred later and the ICAs were trapped by coils in the chronic stage. Four cases underwent first endovascular treatments in the chronic stage. Three patients with good collaterals underwent endovascular ICA trapping or ligation and showed favorable outcomes.

Conclusions

Seven of eleven patients could be treated by endovascular ICA trapping or ligation, which offers a simple, safe method for ruptured ICA trunk aneurysms, if collateral capacity is good and neurological condition is not serious.     

前循环巨大动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的 对1985年以来经手术治疗的18例前循环巨大动脉瘤作一回顾性分析,方法 行动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭术11例,动脉瘤孤立或孤立后切除4例,动脉瘤切除或孤立后载瘤动脉重建2例,动脉瘤包裹1例。结果 动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭术的11例病人中,除1例术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ级的病人术后重残外,均恢复良好。动脉瘤孤立或孤立后切除的4例病人中,1例后交通动脉瘤（PCoA)病人虽术前血管造影证实侧支循环充分,但术后出现暂时性对侧轻偏瘫。另1例大脑中动脉（MCA）动脉瘤病人术后第6天因术野血肿再次进行手术,出院时能独立行走。行动脉瘤切除或孤立后载瘤动脉重建的2例病人恢复良好。动脉瘤包裹术的1例病人术后因再出血死亡。结论 为消除巨大动脉瘤的压迫症状和潜在的出血危险,对前循环巨大动脉瘤主张积极的手术治疗。动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭并保留载瘤动脉通畅是首选治疗,对必需行动脉瘤孤立且交叉循环不良的病例,应尽可能重建载瘤动脉。     

Results of surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in northern Norway: a retrospective study with special focus on timing of surgery in a rural area

OBJECTIVES: This study reports data on time consumption before aneurysm surgery and the results of treatment in northern Norway. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 279 cases were identified and included in our analysis of time span from bleeding to arrival at our department. Fifty-one patients were treated conservatively, either because of bad clinical condition or because angiography revealed no aneurysm. The remaining 228 patients were operated and included in our analysis of outcome after early aneurysm surgery. RESULTS: Among all 279 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), median time from ictus to arrival at the university hospital was 1 (0-30) day. Forty-one per cent arrived at the day of bleeding and 86% within the first 3 days after bleeding. Among the 228 patients who underwent surgical aneurysm repair, median time from bleeding to operation was 2 (0-33) days. Early aneurysm surgery (< 72 h) was performed in 146 patients (64%). Fifty patients (22%) underwent intermediate surgery (days 4-10) and 32 patients (14%) were operated later (day 11 or later). A significant association was found between Hunt and Hess (HH) grade and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most patients suffering aneurysmal SAH in northern Norway undergo early aneurysm surgery and the outcome is comparable with that obtained in other Scandinavian centres. Initial Hunt and Hess grade is a major determinant for outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.     

颅内多发动脉瘤的3D-CTA诊断及手术治疗

目的探讨颅内多发动脉瘤的3D-CTA诊断价值和开颅动脉瘤颈夹闭和（或）血管内栓塞治疗效果。方法回顾性分析39例经3D-CTA确诊的颅内多发动脉瘤临床资料,36例采用开颅动脉瘤颈夹闭和/或血管内栓塞治疗,一期单侧翼点入路开颅动脉瘤颈夹闭术18例,双侧翼点或翼点＋前纵裂入路动脉瘤颈夹闭术6例;二期开颅动脉瘤颈夹闭术3例;开颅动脉瘤颈夹闭术＋血管内栓塞术4例;单纯血管内栓塞术5例。手术夹闭动脉瘤颈64个,血管内栓塞14个,11个动脉瘤未予处理。结果39例共发现动脉瘤89个,其中2个动脉瘤30例,3个动脉瘤7例,4个动脉瘤2例;31例术后复查3D-CTA,其中30例显示动脉瘤夹闭良好或完全栓塞,1例动脉瘤颈夹闭不全术后一个月动脉瘤再次破裂出血,再次开颅手术夹闭,痊愈出院,随访3个月至7年,按GOS预后分级,良好29例,轻残5例,重残2例,死亡3例均因动脉瘤再次破裂未处理。结论3D-CTA可靠、快捷、安全,可作为颅内多发动脉瘤的首选诊断方法,开颅动脉瘤颈夹闭和/或血管内栓塞治疗效果良好。     

显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤后脑血管痉挛和预后的影响因素分析

目的 探讨影响显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的预后和脑血管痉挛(CVS)发生的相关因素.方法 收集深圳市第二人民医院神经外科自2006年6月至2009年5月行显微手术治疗的322例颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料,Logistic回归分析年龄、性别、血压、血糖、手术时机、Fisher's分级、Hunt-Hess分级、感染等因素对患者预后及CVS发生的影响.结果 多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、Hunt-Hess分级、Fisher's分级、CVS、感染、腰穿次数是影响患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05);Hunt-Hess分级、Fisher's分级、动脉瘤数量、终板造瘘、腰穿次数、感染是影响CVS发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论 年龄、Hunt-Hess分级、Fisher's分级、CVS、腰穿次数、感染影响患者预后,其中CVS是最重要的影响因素.CVS受Hunt-Hess分级、Fisher's分级、动脉瘤数量、终板造瘘、腰穿次数及感染因素影响.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the relevant factors of prognosis of intracranial aneurysms after microsurgical treatment and risk factors of cerebral vasospasm (CVS). Methods Three hundred and twenty-two patients with intracranial aneurysms, admitted to and received surgical treatment in our hospital from June 2006 to May 2009, were chosen in our study; their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the influences of age, gender, blood pressure level, blood sugar level, operation time, Fisher's grade, Hunt Hess grade and infection on the prognosis of patients with intracranial aneurysms and the risk of CVS. Results Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that age, Hunt Hess grade, Fisher's grade, CVS, infection and lumber puncture times were the independent risk factors influencing the prognosis of patients with intracranial aneurysms (P< 0.05). Hunt Hess grade, Fisher's grade, number of aneurysms, endplate colostomy, lumber puncture times and infection were the independent risk factors of CVS (P<0.05). Conclusion Age, Hunt Hess grade, Fisher' s grade, CVS, lumber puncture times and infection are the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with intracranial aneurysms, among which, CVS is the most important factor. CVS is mainly affected by Hunt Hess grade, Fisher's grade, number of aneurysms, endplate colostomy, lumber puncture times and infection.     

Risk factors and outcome in 100 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: Clinical and surgical outcome of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to ruptured aneurysm were assessed in comparison to pre-operative data and risk factors such as previous medical history, clinical presenting condition, CT findings and site of bleeding. METHODS: We evaluated 100 consecutive patients with aneurysmal SAH. Gender, color, history of hypertension, smoking habit, site and size of aneurysm, admittance and before surgery Hunt Hess scale, need for cerebro-spinal fluid shunt, presence of complications during the surgical procedure, Glasgow Outcome Scale, presence of vasospasm and of rebleeding were assessed and these data matched to outcome. For statistical analysis, we applied the chi-squared test or Fisher's test using the pondered kappa coefficient. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison of continue variables. Tendency of proportion was analyzed through Cochran-Armitage test. Significance level adopted was 5%. RESULTS: Patients studied were mainly white, female, without previous history of hypertension and non-smokers. Upon hospital admittance, grade 2 of Hunt-Hess scale was most frequently observed (34%), while grade 3 of Fisher scale was the most prevalent. Single aneurysms were most frequent at anterior circulation, between 12 and 24 mm. The most frequent Glasgow Outcome Scale observed was 5 (60%). Hunt Hess upon the moment of surgery and presence of complications during surgical procedure showed positive correlation with clinical outcome (p=0.00002 and p=0.001, respectively). Other variables were not significantly correlated to prognosis. Tendency of proportion was observed between Hunt-Hess scale and Fisher scale. CONCLUSION: Among variables such as epidemiological data, previous medical history and presenting conditions of patients with ruptured aneurysms, the Hunt-Hess scale upon the moment of surgery and the presence of surgical adversities are statistically related to degree of disability.     

Neurological and psychosocial outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage, and the hunt and hess scale as a predictor of clinical outcome

In a retrospective study, the outcome of 87 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm was assessed. Follow-up included neurological examination, grading of the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of each patient, and answering a psycho-social questionnaire. This questionnaire was answered by the patients themselves or by a relative when the patient was not able to answer. The follow-up was performed more than 12 months after the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in each patient. The psycho-social questionnaire pertained to the degree of independence in everyday activities, household management, stress endurance, memory and concentration, social and leisure activities, social contacts, occupational status, and marital relationships. By summarizing the results of these domains, the quality of life was then determined using the method described by McKenna et al. Neurological deficits in the form of an incomplete paresis of the third cranial nerve and subjective reduction of memory and concentration were identified in 3.5 % and 34.5-39 % of the patients, respectively. Of the 87 study participants, 58.2 % were fully independent, 22.4 % were able to live at home with the support of their relatives, and 5 patients were fully dependent. The occupational status of 21 patients who were fully employed before SAH was unaffected, whereas 3 patients were placed in positions with less responsibility, and 21 patients were either unable to continue working, unemployed, or retired. The quality of life was not reduced in 57.2 %, while a mild reduction in the quality of life was reported by 23.8 % and a severe reduction by 19.0 % of the participants. The ability of the initial Hunt and Hess grade, the initial Fisher grade, the extent of neurological deficits, and the occupational status after SAH to predict the patient's outcome was also evaluated. For statistical analysis, the Kendall-Tau-b-test for non-parametric correlations was applied. Significant correlations were found between the initial Hunt and Hess grade and the initial Fisher grade, between neurological deficits and GOS, between quality of life and occupational outcome, as well as between the GOS and quality of life assessment, but not between initial Hunt and Hess grade and GOS or quality of life, between neurological deficits and quality of life, between initial Hunt and Hess grade and occupational outcome, between initial Fisher grade and occupational outcome, and also not between initial Fisher grade and GOS or quality of life. Our results suggest that neither the initial Hunt & Hess grade nor the initial Fisher grade are suitable parameters for predicting the outcome of patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The fact that GOS and quality of life correlated significantly confirms the use of GOS as a simple method for evaluating patient outcome, although it is not a grading system for evaluating functional disorders such as memory or subtle cognitive impairments.     

Comparison of effectiveness of percutaneous embolization and microsurgery in the treatment of 60 patients with MCA berry aneurysms

Surgical clipping has been considered for years a "golden standard" in the treatment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms. The recent development of materials and endovascular techniques has permitted the use of embolization for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms regardless of their locations and size. In 30 patients with 32 MCA aneurysms (group I) the endovascular approach with GDC-10 coils was used, while in other 30 patients with 31 aneurysms (group II) surgical clipping was performed. On completion of the diagnostic process the patients were randomly assigned either to the endovascular or microsurgical treatment. Group I: 21 (70%) embolization procedures were carried out, while in 9 (30%) cases with 10 aneurysms embolisation was impossible or regarded as too risky due to various causes. The total occlusion of aneurysm SAC was achieved in 17 (77%) aneurysms, subtotal in 5 (23%). The morbidity rate was 8%, mortality-0%. Group II: Microsurgical clipping was performed in 27 (90%) cases, 3 (10%) patients were disqualified from treatment due to their poor clinical status. An excellent technical result was achieved in 24 (86%) patients, in 4 (14%) cases the neck remnant was observed in control angiography. The morbidity rate was 14%, mortality-0%.     

Endovascular and surgical treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms: comparison of risks

Unruptured cerebral aneurysms are commonly treated by surgical clipping, but endovascular coil embolization is increasingly employed as an alternative. In a blinded review of unruptured aneurysms treated at our institution since 1990, we identified patients whose aneurysms were judged to be treatable by both neurosurgeons and neurointerventional radiologists. A change in Rankin Scale score of 2 or more from hospital admission to discharge, indicating a new moderate disability or worse, was predefined as the primary outcome measure. Long-term follow-up was obtained by mailed questionnaire and telephone interview. Length of stay and hospital charges were totaled for all hospitalizations, including follow-up. Sixty-eight patients treated surgically and 62 patients treated with endovascular coil embolization were considered candidates for either procedure on blinded review, and overall anticipated procedure risk was rated as identical. A larger proportion of patients in the surgical group developed a change in Rankin Scale score of 2 or more (25% of surgical patients vs 8% of endovascular patients). Total length of stay was longer (mean days: 7.7 for surgical patients vs 5.0 for endovascular patients) and hospital charges were greater (mean, $38,000 for surgical patients vs $33,400 for endovascular patients) for the surgical patients. At follow-up, an average of 3.9 years after the procedure, surgical patients were more likely to report persistent new symptoms or disability since treatment (34% of surgical patients vs 8% of endovascular patients) and a longer period for recovery to normal (50% returning to normal in 1 year for surgery and in 27 days for coil embolization). Coil embolization of unruptured cerebral aneurysms seems to be associated with significantly fewer complications than surgical clipping. More long-term data on aneurysm rupture rates are required to confirm efficacy.     

Neuropsychological sequelae of patients treated with microsurgical clipping or endovascular embolization for anterior communicating artery aneurysm.

BACKGROUND and PURPOSE : While microsurgical clipping has been the choice of treatment for anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm, endovascular embolization is increasingly popular for treating intracranial aneurysms. Previous studies showed that in terms of mortality (i.e., death) and morbidity (i.e., functional outcome, independent living, rebleeding) rates, the clinical outcomes of coil embolization for intracranial aneurysms are as good as or even better than those of surgical clipping. However, little is known about the impact of these treatments on the cognitive functions of those survived after the treatment. Thus, the present study is designed to examine the cognitive deficits of patients treated with either surgical clipping or coil embolization. METHOD: Eighteen patients with a ruptured ACoA aneurysm were recruited. Half of them had undergone surgical clipping and the other half had endovascular embolization. Standardized neuropsychological tests were employed to assess their memory, executive function, motor ability, language and visual perceptual abilities. RESULTS: The performance of the patients was in general poorer than that of the normal control subjects on tests of verbal memory, flexible thinking, ability to resist interference and motor control. However, in terms of severity, the patients who received surgical clipping demonstrated more severe impairment than those had endovascular embolization on these cognitive domains. In addition, while 33% of patients in the clipping group showed impairments on memory and executive function, no patient in the embolization group demonstrated these impairments. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ACoA aneurysm demonstrated impaired verbal memory, executive function and motor abilities while their language and visual perception abilities remained relatively intact. However, when comparing the effect of treatment choice on the cognitive functions of these patients, the present results favored the coil embolization as the patients treated with coil embolization demonstrated significantly fewer severe cognitive deficits than patients who had undergone surgical clipping.     

颅内大脑中动脉动脉瘤的介入栓塞治疗

目的 探讨颅内大脑中动脉动脉瘤的介入栓塞疗的可行性.方法 对2002年1月至2007年12月共介入治疗颅内大脑中动脉动脉瘤62例患者,共计64个动脉瘤,进行致残率和致死率的统计并行6个月的随访研究.结果 经6个月以上的随访,62例患者无一例死亡;有1例再出血,经开颅血肿清除动脉瘤夹闭后转当地医院治疗,出院时意识不清;12例患者在治疗后一过性出现神经定位体征,肢体瘫痪,感觉障碍,失语等,经抗凝,扩容治疗后恢复;1例出现上肢永久性活动障碍6个月后肌力Ⅲ级.这组病例取得了良好的治疗效果.结论 在大脑中动脉动脉瘤病例中实施介入栓塞治疗是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

Clinical and Radiogical Outcomes of Endovascular Detachable Coil Embolization in Paraclinoid Aneurysms : A 10-Year Experience

Objective

Direct surgical clipping of paraclinoid aneurysms poses technical challenges to even very experienced neurosurgeons, making endovascular treatment an alternative treatment modality in many centers. We have therefore retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of endovascular detachable coil embolization of paraclinoid aneurysms.

Methods

From June 1997 to June 2007, 65 patients underwent endovascular detachable coiling for 67 paraclinoid aneurysms (of which 9 were ruptured and 58 were unruptured) in our institute. Their medical records, radiological images and readings, and operation records were reviewed retrospectively.

Results

After the initial embolization procedure, complete occlusion was achieved in 29 (43.3%) of the aneurysms treated by endovascular detachable coiling. Six aneurysms required retreatment, with two each requiring one, two, or three additional endovascular procedures. Fifty-five (82.1%) aneurysms were measured by three-dimensional time of flight (TOF) magnetic resonance images (MRI) or transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFCA) at a mean follow-up of 29.7 months (range from 4 to 94 months), with 39 aneurysms (70.9%) showing complete occlusion. Thromboembolic events (3.8%) were the most frequent complication. Rupture did not occur during or after any of the procedures. According to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), 98.4% of the patients treated by coil embolization had a score of 4 or 5.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that endovascular detachable coiling is a safe and effective treatment modality in paraclinoid aneurysms.     

The Role of Lumbar Drainage to Prevent Shunt-Dependent Hydrocephalus after Coil Embolization for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Good-Grade Patients

Objective

To evaluate the role of lumbar drainage in the prevention of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms by coil embolization in good-grade patients.

Methods

One-hundred-thirty consecutive patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in good-grade patients (Hunt & Hess grades I-III), who were treated by coil embolization between August 2004 and April 2010 were retrospectively evaluated. Poor-grade patients (Hunt & Hess grades IV and V), a history of head trauma preceding the development of headache, negative angiograms, primary subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and loss to follow-up were excluded from the study. We assessed the effects on lumbar drainage on the risk of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus related to coil embolization in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Results

One-hundred-twenty-six patients (96.9%) did not develop shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. The 2 patients (1.5%) who developed acute hydrocephalus treated with temporary external ventricular drainage did not require permanent shunt diversion. Overall, 4 patients (3.1%) required permanent shunt diversion; acute hydrocephalus developed in 2 patients (50%). There was no morbidity or mortality amongst the patients who underwent a permanent shunt procedure.

Conclusion

Coil embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms may be associated with a lower risk for developing shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, possibly by active management of lumbar drainage, which may reflect less damage for cisternal anatomy than surgical clipping. Coil embolization might have an effect the long-term outcome and decision-making for ruptured intracranial aneurysms.     

血管内治疗前交通动脉瘤

目的 总结前交通动脉瘤血管内治疗的经验和体会,探讨血管内治疗前交通动脉瘤的效果和减少并发症发生的方法.方法 共栓塞前交通动脉瘤98例.依据Hunt-Hess分级:I级16例,Ⅱ级52例,Ⅲ级23例,Ⅳ级7例.术后积极行腰大池或腰穿引流血性脑脊液,采用"3H"疗法防治血管痉挛.结果 98个动脉瘤全部成功栓塞,随访3个月-3年,无再出血发生.结论 血管内治疗前交通动脉瘤是一种有效、确切的治疗方法.术后早期引流血性脑脊液、积极药物治疗是减少并发症的发生、提高治疗效果的重要方法.     

后交通动脉动脉瘤致动眼神经麻痹的预后分析

目的探讨后交通动脉动脉瘤引起动眼神经麻痹（ONP）的预后影响因素。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年12月收治的52例后交通动脉动脉瘤致ONP患者临床资料,血管内栓塞治疗33例,开颅手术治疗19例。结果术后ONP完全恢复25例（48.1%）,部分恢复21例（40.4%）,无变化6例（11.5%）。血管内栓塞33例中,ONP完全恢复15例,部分恢复14例,无变化4例;手术夹闭19例中,ONP完全恢复10例,部分恢复7例,无变化2例;两组患者疗效无显著差异（P〉0.05）。术前动眼神经麻痹程度和ONP持续时间与术后动眼神经功能恢复显著相关（P〈0.05）。结论血管内栓塞和手术夹闭对改善后交通动脉动脉瘤引起的ONP效果无显著差异;术前动眼神经部分麻痹和ONP持续时间短患者术后动眼神经功能完全恢复的可能性更大。