肛瘘的高分辨MRI表现

目的探讨体外相位阵列线圈高分辨MRI对肛瘘检查的准确性及其价值。方法经手术证实的肛瘘患者20例，全部行体外相位阵列线圈高分辨MRI检查，检查序列主要包括高分辨轴面、矢状面和冠状面T2 WI和轴面抑脂T2 WI序列。结果20例肛瘘共27个原发瘘管、24个内口，28个外口，10个肛周脓肿。高分辨MRI对原发瘘管、肛周脓肿、内口显示的敏感度分别为92．6％（25／27）、100．0％（10／10）和91．7％（22／24），特异度分别为92．3％（12／13）、96．3％（26／27）和85．7％（12／14）。结论体外相位阵列线圈高分辨MRI可较准确地判断肛瘘的分型、瘘管走行及有无脓肿形成，对正确的手术治疗非常必要。     

3.0 T磁共振3D CUBE T2 WI抑脂序列对肛瘘的诊断价值

目的 探讨3.0T常规MRI T2 WI抑脂序列联合三维超长回波链采集FSE(3D CUBE) T2 WI抑脂序列对肛瘘患者的临床诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析33例经手术证实的肛瘘患者术前常规MRI T2WI抑脂序列及3DCUBE T2 WI抑脂序列资料.比较两种技术评价肛瘘分型、瘘管支数、内口总数、外口数目、肛周脓肿和瘘管整体的优势,并与手术结果相对照.结果 手术发现33例肛瘘中,经括约肌瘘14例,括约肌间瘘10例,括约肌外瘘8例,括约肌上瘘1例.瘘管支数52个,内口45个,外口48个,肛周脓肿30个.常规MRI T2WI抑脂序列与常规MRI T2WI抑脂序列联合3D CBUE T2WI抑脂序列肛瘘的分型准确率分别为78.8％ (26/33)和87.9％ (29/33),差别无统计学意义(JP＞0.05);瘘管支数显示率分别为71.2％(37/52)和90.4％ (47/52),内口总数显示率分别为71.1％ (32/45)和91.1％ (41/45),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两种技术显示外口数目和肛周脓肿与手术结果一致.结论 常规MRI T2WI抑脂序列联合3D CUBE T2WI抑脂序列能准确显示瘘管支数、内口总数和瘘管整体,优于常规MRI T2 WI抑脂序列,为临床术前提供更详尽的影像解剖信息.     

MRI在肛瘘诊治中的应用

目的 :探讨3.0 T MRI在肛瘘检查及分类中的应用。方法 :选择经手术证实的53例肛瘘患者,行MRI检查包括T1WI,T2WI,T2SPAIR,PDWI SPAIR序列。由2位经验丰富的MRI诊断医师进行图像阅片,并对肛瘘进行分类。结果 :MRI发现瘘管60个,脓肿38个,内口56个,术中发现瘘管62个,脓肿39个,内口59个。MRI发现瘘管的敏感度和特异度分别为96.8%(60/62),88.2%(15/17);脓肿为97.4%(38/39),93.3%(14/15);内口为94.9%(56/59),85.0%(17/20)。结论:MRI检查能够很好地确定肛瘘范围及脓肿内口位置,并对肛瘘进行正确分类,为手术提供依据。     

T1 WI SPIR增强MRI在肛瘘中的应用价值

目的通过T1WI频谱预饱和反转恢复序列(SPIR)钆增强MRI与其他常规MRI序列比较,评估增强T1WI SPIR MRI在使用肛肠水囊肛瘘患者中的临床应用价值。资料与方法16例经手术证实的肛瘘患者术前均行MRI检查,序列包括横断位T1WI、T2WI频谱选择性衰减反转恢复序列(SPAIR)和钆增强T1WI SPIR。检查前,均向患者肛管直肠内置入肛肠水囊以撑开肛管和直肠。评估和比较MRI各序列显示的瘘管、内口、瘘管分支及脓腔。结果MRI显示复杂性肛瘘11例,其中高位复杂性肛瘘6例,单纯性5例。对比增强T1WI SPIR MRI发现瘘管(100.0%)、内口(81.3%)、分支(81.3%)和脓腔(100.0%)的准确率较T1WI及T2WI SPAIR MRI为高。Kruskal-Wallis检验显示上述各序列对内口显示的差异有显著统计学意义(χ2=15.9,P=0.003)。对比增强T1WISPIR MRI显示内口最多。结论横断位钆增强T1WI SPIR序列在使用肛肠水囊后能提供患者瘘管更丰富的细节,提高肛瘘诊断的准确率。     

高分辨率MRI在复杂性肛瘘诊断中的价值研究

目的:探讨复杂性肛瘘的MRI表现及其临床诊断价值。方法:48例可疑复杂性肛瘘患者,行盆腔MR平扫检查,扫描序列包括横断面FSE-T1WI、T2WI、T2WI抑脂及STIR扫描,矢状面STIR及T2WI扫描,冠状面STIR及T2WI抑脂扫描。分析肛瘘的MRI表现,评价瘘管与内外括约肌的关系及复杂性肛瘘的分型,比较内、外口的显示率,将诊断结果与手术进行对照。结果:瘘管于T1WI表现为条状略低信号,T2WI、T2WI抑脂及STIR序列呈明显高信号,以抑脂像病灶显示最佳。MR诊断与手术比较符合率分别为:肛瘘(或脓肿)96.9%,内口82.4%,外口100%,分型86.7%。结论:MRI是复杂性肛瘘的一种重要诊断方法,具有重要的临床价值。     

3.0T磁共振多序列成像在复杂肛瘘诊断中的临床应用

目的:本研究探讨体外相位阵列线圈3.0T MRI多序列扫描对复杂肛瘘诊断的准确性及价值。方法:回顾性分析我院2014年5月至2015年11月经手术证实的18例肛瘘患者临床及影像资料,男性10例,女性8例,年龄23~83岁,平均年龄约44.8岁,病程6天~15个月,术前一周内行3.0T MRI检查。检查序列包括高分辨率横轴位抑脂、矢状位抑脂和冠状位T2WI及轴位T1WI序列、横轴位弥散加权成像(DWI)序列,10名患者行增强扫描。结果:本组18例患者手术共检出25个瘘管、其中显示12个内口、15个外口,13例肛周脓肿。瘘管于T1WI呈条状略低信号影,在T2WI序列、T2WI抑脂序列及DWI序列上呈条状或管状高信号,在T1WI增强图像上瘘管呈明显管状强化,内口多表现为圆点状强化。本组术前MRI诊断瘘管、内口、肛周脓肿显示的敏感度分别为89.2%(25/28)、80%(12/15)、100%(14/14),特异度分别为75%(3/4)、75%(3/4)、71.4%(5/7)。结论:磁共振多序列成像对复杂肛瘘内口、外口及肛周脓肿有良好的显示,对外科手术方式选择有积极的指导作用。     

复杂性肛瘘的高分辨力MRI表现及手术对照分析

目的 :探讨复杂性肛瘘的MRI表现,以提高对复杂性肛瘘的诊断价值。方法 :对20例临床初诊为复杂性肛瘘患者行矢状位T2WI、横轴位T1WI、T2WI抑脂、冠状位T2WI抑脂、DWI序列,3例行增强扫描,分析MRI表现,明确各型瘘管的走行、分支及内外口,并与手术结果对照。结果:MRI检查发现内口25个,诊断准确率89.3%(25/28),18例内口T2WI抑脂表现高信号、T1WI与肌肉信号相似,15个DWI呈高信号;瘘管及分支27支,瘘管分支T2WI抑脂序列表现高信号21支,6例瘘管壁纤维组织T1WI、T2WI均呈低信号;脓肿、肛周间隙蜂窝组织炎5例,与手术结果一致,呈条索状、团块状,T1WI均呈低信号,T2WI及DWI均呈高信号;3例增强扫描内口呈环形强化。结论:MRI可准确显示复杂性肛瘘的类型、瘘管走行、分支、内口位置、瘘管与周围肌肉关系以及有无脓肿形成等。     

3.0 T MRI在复杂型肛瘘术前诊断中的应用

目的:探讨3.0T MRI在复杂型肛瘘术前诊断中的应用价值。方法:收集21例经手术治疗的复杂型肛瘘患者的临床及影像资料,患者均行MRI平扫及增强扫描,对比手术结果,评价复杂型肛瘘的MRI分级及MRI诊断主管、支管、内口、脓肿的准确性。结果:复杂型瘘管T1WI可见10条或多条状等或稍低信号,T2WI、T2WI抑脂及SPAIR为高信号,增强扫描示瘘管壁明显强化、脓液不强化。MRI诊断与手术所见对照,显示肛瘘内口、外口、主管、支管和脓肿符合率分别为88.00%、100%、97.37%、70.00%和100%。结论:MRI在复杂型肛瘘术前诊断中具有较大的实用价值。     

高分辨力MRI脂肪抑制T_2WI联合DWI对肛瘘检测效果的评价

目的 :评价高分辨力MRI脂肪抑制T2WI联合DWI对肛瘘的检测效果。方法 :对63例疑为肛瘘而行高分辨力MRI T2WI联合DWI扫描患者的临床及影像学资料进行分析。结果 :63例中,59例经手术证实为肛瘘。高分辨力MRI脂肪抑制T2WI联合DWI对原发性瘘管的诊断敏感度和特异度分别为98.31%(58/59)、75.00%(3/4),对继发瘘管的诊断敏感度和特异度分别为83.33%(10/12)、98.00%(49/50),对脓肿的敏感度和特异度分别为100.00%(21/21)和97.62%(41/42),对瘘管内口定位及瘘管分级的准确率分别为96.77%(60/62)和98.31%(58/59)。结论:高分辨力MRI脂肪抑制T2WI联合DWI对评价原发性瘘管、继发性瘘管、内口、脓肿及肛瘘分级具有高度准确性,术前MRI检查可为临床治疗方案的选择提供重要依据。     

MRI对肛瘘的诊断价值

目的:探讨高分辨力MRI对肛周窦道及瘘管的诊断价值。方法:收集158例肛瘘患者,术前均行MRI检查,检查序列主要包括矢状面、冠状面快速自旋回波T_2WI、T_1WI及脂肪抑制PDWI,并比较影像学诊断与手术结果。结果 :158例肛瘘共183个原发瘘管,184个内口,171个外口,124个肛周脓肿。MRI对肛瘘原发瘘管,肛周脓肿及内口显示的灵敏度分别为95.6%,99.1%,93.1%。结论 :MRI可准确判断肛瘘的分型、瘘管走行、有无脓肿、支管形成,以及肛瘘内口的位置,为临床治疗提供重要信息。     

3.0T高分辨率磁共振成像在肛瘘诊断及分型中的应用

目的探讨3.0T高分辨MRI在肛瘘术前诊断及分型的应用价值。方法选取经手术证实的51例肛瘘患者的临床资料及MRI表现,并与手术结果对照分析,总结肛瘘的MRI表现特点及应用价值。结果51例肛瘘手术显示内口56个,外口43个,主瘘管51条、瘘管分支14条,脓肿16个。与手术结果对照,术前MRI显示肛瘘内、外口、主瘘管及支管的准确率分别为94.64%(53/56个)、100%(43/43个)、94.12%(48/51条)及85.71%(12/14条),对脓肿显示的准确率为100%(16/16个)。按照Parks分型,51例患者MRI共检出括约肌间型肛瘘23例(45.10%),经括约肌型肛瘘17例(33.33%),括约肌上型肛瘘7例(13.73%),括约肌外型肛瘘4例(7.84%),MRI分型准确率为96.08%(49/51例)。MRI在肛瘘Parks分型上与手术结果一致性高,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论MRI能准确显示肛瘘内、外口的位置,瘘管的数量及走行,能够对肛瘘进行准确分型。     

Value of MRI performed with phased-array coil in the diagnosis and pre-operative classification of perianal and anal fistulas

PURPOSE: To assess the value of MRI performed with phased-array coil in the diagnosis and preoperative staging of perianal and anal fistulas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 patients (13 with Crohn's disease) with clinical evidence or suspicion of anal fistulas underwent pelvic MRI (1.5 T) performed with phased-array coil. Images were obtained in the axial and coronal planes using TSE T2-weighted high resolution sequences with and without fat suppression, T2-weighted HASTE and T1-weighted FLASH sequences, with and without fat suppression, before and after gadolinium enhancement. The following parameters were considered: presence of a fistula and relation with the sphincters, and presence of abscesses or complications. All patients underwent surgery. The MRI and surgical findings were assessed using the Park's fistula-in-ano classification and the St. James MR imaging classification of perianal fistulas. Surgery was considered the gold standard. RESULTS: MRI documented no evidence of fistula in 2 patients, intersphinteric fistulas in 5 (grade 1 and 2 St. James), trans-sphincteric fistulas in 9 (grade 3 and 4 St. James), translevator in 2 (grade 5) and complex ano-rectum-vaginal fistulas in 2. Concordance with surgery was 90%. CONCLUSIONS: MRI is an accurate technique for the identification and classification of anal and perianal fistulas and their complications. In our experience the phased-array coil offers both high field of view and spatial resolution, enabling the demonstration of perianal pathology.     

肛瘘的术前MRI表现与手术结果的对照分析

目的 探讨术前MRI检查对肛瘘诊断及分型的价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术证实的36例肛瘘患者的临床资料及MRI表现,并与手术结果对照分析,总结肛瘘的MRI表现特点及应用价值.结果 36例肛瘘手术显示内口42个,主瘘管45条、瘘管分支15条,外口42个,脓肿16个.与手术结果对照,MRI显示肛瘘内口的准确率为90.5%(38/42个),显示瘘管分支的准确率为80%(12/15条),显示主瘘管、外口及脓肿的准确率均为100%.按照Parks分型,MRI分型符合率为88.9%(32/36例).结论 MRI能准确显示肛瘘内、外口的位置,瘘管的数量及走行,能够对肛瘘进行准确分型.     

肛瘘磁共振成像:探讨自制可调节肛肠水囊在肛瘘分级中的价值

目的:探讨普通MR成像中使用自制可调节肛肠水囊在肛瘘患者分级中的应用价值.方法:18例经手术证实的肛瘘患者于使用自制可调节肛肠水囊前、后均各行一次MRI检查.序列包括T_1 WI横断位和冠状位、T_2 W SPAIR横断位,冠状位及矢状位.放置水囊前后比较瘘管末端位置,并且对瘘管、内口、分支及脓腔进行计数,同时观察瘘管走行.所获结果被用于评估肛瘘MR诊断分级,并同时与手术结果相对照.结果:18名肛瘘患者MRI检查共发现瘘管31根、内口22个、分支19根以及脓腔10个.使用水囊前后MRI对瘘管末端位置的显示有显著不同(χ~2=5.56,P<0.05).使用水囊前,MR显示1例1级低位单纯线形括约肌内肛瘘,1例低位和2例高位2级括约肌内肛瘘伴脓肿或分支,1例3级高位经括约肌肛瘘,6例4级经括约肌肛瘘伴脓肿或分支,其中5例为高位,1例为低位,2例5级高位肛提肌上和经肛提肌肛瘘,另有5例无法确定;使用水囊后,2级高位括约肌内肛瘘伴脓肿或分支上升为3例,4级低位经括约肌肛瘘伴脓肿或分支上升至2例,高位上升至7例,另有1例无法确定,余小变.使用水囊前后,M RI对肛瘘分级与手术的相符率分别为72%(13例)和94%(17例).结论:通过使用自制町凋节肛肠水囊,普通M RI能够获得更多有关瘘管及其走行的信息,有助于肛瘘患者的分级.     

Assessment of anal fistulas with high-resolution subtraction MR-fistulography: comparison with surgical findings

PURPOSE: To investigate a new MR-imaging protocol defined as subtraction MR-fistulography for the detection of fistula-in-ano. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 36 patients (18 men, 18 women) with the clinical diagnosis of anal fistula or abscess who were scheduled for surgical exploration were preoperatively imaged at 1.5 T in the supine position; coronal STIR sequences and axial T1-weighted three-dimensional FLASH sequences before and after intravenous injection of gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) were obtained. Image subtraction was routinely used. The image findings were compared with the findings at surgical exploration according to a uniform classification system. RESULTS: A total of 46 fistulas were seen on subtraction MR-fistulography, whereas surgery described 41 fistulas. MRI and surgery concordantly depicted a total number of 40 fistulas, six fistulas were only described by MRI, and one fistula was only seen during surgery. A total of 27 abscesses were detected with MRI, compared to 22 during surgery. A total of 22 abscesses were concordantly diagnosed. Complete agreement between subtraction MR-fistulography and surgery occurred in 32 (89%) of the 36 patients. The four patients in whom both procedures disagreed had complex anal sepsis with multiple fistulas and/or abscesses due to Crohn disease. CONCLUSION: High-resolution subtraction MR-fistulography is an important complement to surgical exploration and especially suitable for investigating complex anal sepsis.     

自制可调节肛肠水囊在普通MRI肛瘘术前分型中的应用

目的:初步评价自制可调节肛肠水囊在肛瘘患者术前普通MRI分型中的应用价值。方法:使用Philips 1.5 TAchievaDual MR扫描仪和体线圈对18例经手术证实的肛瘘患者在放置自制可调节肛肠水囊前、后均各行一次MRI检查。序列包括TSE的T_1WI及T_2WI SPAIR横断位和冠状位。放置水囊前后比较瘘管末端位置,并且对瘘管、分支及脓腔进行计数。结果用于评估肛瘘临床术前分型,同时与手术结果相对照。结果:18例肛瘘患者MRI检查共发现瘘管31根、分支19根、内口22个以及脓腔10个。使用水囊前后,MRI对瘘管末端位置的显示有显著不同(x~2=5.56,P0.05)。使用水囊前,MR显示1例为低位单纯型、2例为低位复杂型、2例为高位单纯型、8例为高位复杂型肛瘘,5例无法确定;使用水囊后,相应数据分别为1、2、3、11例,1例无法确定。使用水囊前后,MRI对肛瘘的分型与手术的相符率分别为72%(13例)和94%(17例),差异无统计学意义(P=0.08)。结论:通过使用自制可调节肛肠水囊,普通MRI能够提供更多有关瘘管及其走行的信息,有助于肛瘘患者的术前分型。     

质子加权预饱和脂肪抑制序列在肛瘘中的应用价值

目的评价质子加权预饱和脂肪抑制序列(PDW PFS)对肛瘘显示的准确性及图像质量的清晰性,探讨PDW PFS在肛瘘中的应用价值。资料与方法 20例经手术证实的肛瘘患者术前进行MRI检查,序列包括T1WI、T2W频谱选择性衰减反转恢复序列(SPAIR)和PDW PFS。MRI检查前均向患者肛管直肠内置入肛肠水囊以撑开肛管和直肠。获得图像后,观察患者的瘘管、内口和肛周脓肿,评估和比较MRI各序列显示的瘘管、内口、脓腔,并对PDW PFS和T2W SPAIR序列瘘管的信号强度(SI)、信噪比(SNR)及瘘管与周围肌肉的对比噪声比(CNR)进行测量及比较。结果 PDW PFS序列显示瘘管(100%)、内口(95.7%)、肛周脓肿(100%)的准确率较T1WI及T2WSPAIR序列为高。Kruskal Wallis检验显示上述各序列对瘘管(χ2=6.95,P<0.05)及内口(χ2=31.53,P<0.05)的显示具有显著统计学差异,PDW PFS序列显示瘘管及内口最多。PDW PFS序列SI、SNR值和CNR值均显著高于T2W SPAIR序列(P<0.05)。结论 PDW PFS成像技术具有较高的图像SNR和CNR,更易认识辨别瘘管和内口,可以作为一种新的无创性磁共振成像技术应用于肛瘘成像。     

超声、CT及MRI在评价体表窦瘘中的对照研究

目的:探讨CT、MRI及超声检查在体表窦瘘中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析53例体表窦瘘患者的临床和影像资料,患者术前均行CT、MRI及超声检查,对照手术所见,评价3种影像学方法对体表窦瘘的诊断准确率及对复杂性窦瘘支管、脓肿及内口显示的敏感度。结果:53例中,单纯窦道22例,复杂性窦瘘31例。单纯窦道患者CT、MRI及超声检查的准确率分别为100%、100%、95.45%,其差异无统计学意义(P0.05);复杂性窦瘘患者CT、MRI及超声检查的准确率分别为93.55%、96.77%、70.97%,其差异有统计学意义(P0.05),CT与MRI的准确率优于超声,而CT与MRI的诊断准确率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。CT、MRI及超声检查对复杂性窦瘘支管的敏感度分别为95.24%、98.41%、55.56%,脓肿的敏感度分别为90.00%、100%、70.00%,内口的敏感度分别为80.00%、80.00%、40.00%。对于支管显示的敏感度,CT与MRI高于超声(P0.05),CT与MRI间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对于脓肿及内口显示的敏感度,三者间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于单纯窦道,超声检查方便经济;复杂性窦瘘,CT、MRI检查存在很大优势。     

Usefulness of hydrogen peroxide enhancement in diagnosis of anal and ano-vaginal fistulas

Our objective was to assess if contrast-enhanced (CE) anal endosonography (AES) with hydrogen peroxide is useful in the diagnosis of anal and ano-vaginal fistulas. A Bruel and Kjaer scanner with a 7.0-MHz transducer was used. After visualization of the fistula tract in non-contrast (NC) AES, hydrogen peroxide was introduced into the fistula tract through the external opening in 22 patients with different types of anal fistulas. Both CE and NC AES revealed 13 transsphincteric, 3 intersphincteric, 2 suprasphincteric and 4 ano-vaginal fistulas. Simple tracts were found in 16 cases and complex in 6 cases in non-contrast AES. The CE AES revealed 19 simple and 3 complex fistulas. Fifteen internal openings visible in NC AES were confirmed in CE AES in 6 cases, which additionally found 11 more internal openings. Surgery confirmed all types of fistulas found in NC and CE AES; however, the latter two found 18 simple and 4 complex fistulas, and 21 internal openings. Both NC and CE AES are able to correctly differentiate types of anal fistulas and are of comparable value in differentiating simple from complex fistulas, although a false-negative result was found in CE AES. In the preoperative assessment of the internal opening, CE AES is superior to NC AES. Electronic Publication