国产汽车车身振动对驾驶员腰椎损害的X线研究

本文对行驶在山区和半山区的3种类型国产汽车进行全身振动测量,结果超过ISO_(2631)标准。对306名汽车驾驶员进行了腰椎损害的X线检查,可见腰椎生理弯曲消失、骨质增生和骨桥形成检出率均高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。腰椎骨增生以L_4和L_3上缘为主,其次为L_5和L_2上缘,其检出率随工龄增长而增加。腰椎退行性改变的严重程度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。本文还就腰椎退行性改变严重程度分级标准进行了探讨。     

老年性腰椎退行性病变X线、CT影像学表现与临床分析

目的①总结老年性腰椎退行性病变的X线与CT影像学表现;②探讨老年性腰椎退行性改变导致临床症状的原因。方法随机抽取我院2003年1月~2009年1月共检查、治疗老年性腰椎退行性病变60例,就其腰椎X线平片与CT影像学表现分析。结果60例老年性腰椎骨质疏松有35例(53.33%),60例90节椎间盘中检出退变83节(92.22%),各椎小关节均有不同程度的退行性改变(100%)。结论需重视影像学与临床方面对老年性腰椎退行性的改变表现,尤其是对于椎间盘变性、椎小关节病变、继发性椎管狭窄导致老年性腰腿症状因素的再认识。     

腰椎退行性滑脱的临床X线分析

目的探讨退行性腰椎滑脱X线诊断价值及X线的诊断标准。方法收集200例临床腰腿痛症状典型X线平片进行分析。结果滑脱部位以腰4~5为主,占滑脱椎体90%,滑脱方向:前滑脱占80%、后滑脱占20%,椎弓峡部和关节突是完整的。结论X线平片在退行性腰椎滑脱的诊断有重要价值,但也存在一定的局限性。     

腰椎结核的X线与CT诊断探讨

目的 通过比较X线与CT对腰椎结核的诊断,探讨哪种方式对于腰椎结核的诊断依据以及各自优缺点.方法 通过比较我院2010--2012年的40例腰椎结核的CT和X线诊断之间的区别,采用骨窗和软组织窗分别观察骨质和软组织形态,并利用统计学方法两者差异.结果 在40例病例中,有37例X线和CT均有不同程度的异常,但是有3例病例中X线平片对于早期脊柱结核没见异常,而CT显示3例病例有轻微的骨质破坏.结论 对与大多数的腰椎结核和相关疾病可以做出正确的诊断,并且可以观察多节段的椎体,可以作为首选的诊断方法,但是CT检查可以弥补X线的不足之处,可以发现早期的轻微骨病和隐蔽病情,有利于术前制定方案和观察疗效.     

腰椎骨质增生的X线分析

腰椎骨质增生常伴有不同程度的腰痛症状。X线检查可以了解腰椎增生情况,以及先天变异和其他合并症的情况。现就我院多年来就诊的腰椎骨质增生病人的腰椎片分析体会报告如下。     

磷对牙齿及颌骨损害的X线表现

磷对牙齿及颌骨损害的Ｘ线表现汪迪光，郑义诚，张士军，范德勇，田振海磷的慢性中毒在工业生产中较为常见，其特点为牙齿及下颌骨的损害。现将１３０名黄磷作业工人牙齿及下颌Ｘ线检查结果报告如下。一、对象与方法以我市某黄磷厂１３０名炉前工、精制工、包装工为接触组...     

17例胃息肉X线表现特点

胃息肉系骨黏膜组织增殖向胃腔内突出形成的肿物 ,因其无特异性临床症状 ,诊断主要靠Ｘ线钡透及胃镜检查。现将我院经钡餐、胃镜及病理证实的 17例胃息肉对比分析 ,旨在探讨胃息肉的Ｘ线表现特点及临床鉴别。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　 17例中男 10例、女 7例 ,发病年龄 2 5～ 69岁 ,平均 48岁 ,病史从半年到十余年不等 ,均有不同程度的中上腹部不适 ,胃区胀痛 12例、恶心呕吐 4例、食欲不振消化不良 8例、间歇性黑便 4例、贫血 3例 ,17例均行上消化道钡镜初检 ,2次钡透 8例 ,胃镜病理检查 17例 ,手术 3例。1.2　病理类型　腺瘤样息肉 14…     

沈阳某银行职工颈椎腰椎骨质增生X线影像学研究

目的　了解银行职工颈椎腰椎骨质增生X线影像学特征及发病规律。方法　使用X线机对平均年龄为 45 .82岁(2 0～ 76岁 )的 2 3 9名银行职工拍摄颈椎左右斜位片及腰椎正侧位片 ,并采用流行病学调查方法。结果　颈椎增生 94例 ,检出率为 3 9.3 3 % ;腰椎增生 90例 ,检出率为 3 6.82 % ;颈椎腰椎同时增生 5 3例 ,检出率为 2 2 .18% ;男性各年龄组颈椎增生检出率比较 ,其差异呈显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。各年龄组腰椎增生检出率比较其差异呈非常显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,其中 70岁～年龄组达到最高为 10 0 % ;各年龄组颈椎腰椎增生病变程度检出率比较 ,其差异均呈非常显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　银行职工颈椎腰椎增生检出率随年龄增加而增高。且病变程度随年龄增加而逐渐加重。因此 ,应加强对该行业职工的颈椎腰椎骨质增生的防治工作。     

Stroke among male professional drivers in Denmark, 1994-2003

Objectives

(1) To estimate the relative risk of stroke among various groups of professional drivers; (2) to determine if any excess risk should be attributed to infarction or haemorrhage; (3) to estimate the relative risk ratio for stroke among professional drivers living in Greater Copenhagen compared to those living outside the metropolis.

Methods

A cohort of 6285 bus drivers, 4204 car, taxi, and van drivers, and 25 879 heavy truck and lorry drivers were followed up for hospital admission due to stroke and sub‐diagnoses in the period 1994–2003. Using hospital admission for all economically active men as the standard, the standardised hospitalisation ratios (SHR) were calculated, taking age and county into consideration.

Results

There was a high SHR for stroke among all groups of professional drivers (SHR = 132; 95% CI 121–141). Among car, taxi, and van drivers the SHR was 157 (95% CI 132–189), among bus drivers it was 139 (95% CI 119–163), and among heavy truck and lorry drivers it was 124 (95% CI 113–136). The excess risk for all groups of professional drivers was highest for cerebrovascular infarction (SHR = 139; 95% CI 124–155) and lowest for non‐traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (SHR = 113; 95% CI 96–133). The excess risks for all groups were significantly higher for cerebrovascular infarction than for non‐traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (relative risk ratio (RRR) 1.23; 95% CI 1.01–1.51). The RRR of stroke among drivers in the metropolitan area compared to rural areas was 1.13 (95% CI 0.94–1.36). The RRR for stroke among car, taxi, and van drivers compared to drivers of heavy trucks and of lorries was 1.28 (95% CI 1.03–1.57).

Conclusion

All groups of professional drivers are at increased risk of stroke. The excess risk is more due to cerebral infarctions than to non‐traumatic intracranial haemorrhage. The risk of stroke is higher among drivers carrying passengers than among drivers carrying goods.     

2013-2015年长途卡车司机丙型肝炎病毒感染状况及其影响因素

目的了解长途卡车司机丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染状况及其影响因素,为丙肝综合防治和科学干预提供信息和依据。方法 2013-2015年,每年4-6月份在广西浦寨边境贸易城的停车场采用"滚雪球、同伴推动"等方法招募400名调查对象,调查其一般人口学特征、行为特征等相关资料信息,并采集3~5 ml静脉血进行HIV、梅毒、HCV抗体检测,分析其中HCV感染状况及探讨影响长途卡车司机人群感染HCV的可能因素。结果 2013-2015年,共调查1 200名长途卡车司机中,检出HCV抗体阳性9例,HCV总的感染率为0.75%,HCV感染率各年差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.760,P=0.528)。有注射吸毒行为史、梅毒抗体阳性的HCV感染率分别为33.33%和5.41%,远高于无注射吸毒行为(0.67%)和梅毒抗体阴性(0.60%)者,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=42.895,P=0.022;χ~2=11.115,P=0.029);不同年龄、不同婚姻状况、不同户籍所在地、不同民族、不同文化程度、有无嫖娼行为、嫖娼时是否使用安全套对HCV感染率影响差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.369~2.527,均P>0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,注射吸毒(OR=40.915,95%CI:2.518~664.836)、梅毒抗体阳性(OR=6.951,95%CI:1.194~40.468)是长途卡车司机感染HCV的主要危险因素。结论 2013-2015年广西边境地区长途卡车司机的HCV感染率较高,HCV感染与长途卡车司机的注射吸毒行为、梅毒感染传播有关,应当继续加强长途卡车司机人群的宣传教育和行为干预,促进高危行为的改变,以有效控制HCV的感染和传播。     

上海市南方停车场长途卡车司机艾滋病自愿咨询检测意愿调查分析

目的了解长途卡车司机性病艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为状况及自愿咨询检测意愿等信息。方法，选取上海市最大的长途货运停车场——南方停车场为调查地点，采用匿名问卷调查281名长卡司机，其中22人自愿接受艾滋病抗体检测。结果281名长途货运卡车司机（以下均简称为“长卡司机”）均为男性，16～49岁占96．4％，初中占68．3％，85．1％为已婚。被调查的长卡司机对于艾滋病传播途径、非传播途径、预防方法及安全套的正确使用等知识掌握较好。77．2％的人认为使用安全套可以预防HIV感染，79．4％的人认为减少性伴可以预防HIV感染，26．7％回答最近1年里发生过商业性性行为，最近1年每人平均找过6．2个暗娼。仅有2．5％的调查对象认为自己有可能感染HIV，53．0％的人听说过免费的艾滋病咨询检测（VCT）；听说过免费VCT服务的人中，51．0％的人知道疾病预防控制中心提供免费VCT服务，19．9％表示不会去做免费的艾滋病咨询检测。本次自愿检测者未发现HIV阳性。结论长卡司机大部分属于性活跃人群，易发生无保护性行为，需要提供有效干预，降低无保护商业性行为的发生，提高VCT的可及性及接受度，从而达到控制艾滋病流行的目的。     

Locomotor diseases among male long-haul truck drivers and other professional drivers

Objective High risks for locomotor diseases have been reported for bus and truck drivers in general; however, little is known about the specific risks of long-haul truck drivers. Methods Standardised hospitalisation ratios (SHR) for different locomotor diseases of bus drivers, long-haul truck drivers and other truck drivers were compared with each other and with the general Danish working population. Results Intervertebral disc disorders were more common among professional drivers (SHR: 119, 95% CI: 114–125) and of similar magnitude for cervical and non-cervical disorders. Both long-haul truck drivers and bus drivers had higher SHR for intervertebral disc disorders (SHR: 133, 95% CI: 114–155/SHR: 141, 95% CI: 129–154, respectively) than other truck drivers (SHR: 109, 95% CI: 102–116). The SHR for carpal tunnel syndrome was high among long-haul drivers (SHR: 163, 95% CI: 101–249) and for other truck drivers (SHR: 130, 95% CI: 108–156) compared to bus drivers (SHR: 110, 95% CI: 79–149). All drivers had high SHR for lesions of the ulnar nerve (SHR: 159, 95% CI: 119–207), especially bus drivers (SHR: 197, 95% CI: 116–311). Long-haul truck drivers had high SHRs for synovitis and bursitis (SHR: 150, 95% CI: 105–207), in contrast to other truck drivers and bus drivers (SHR: 103, 95% CI: 89–120/SHR: 87, 95% CI: 66–112, respectively). Conclusion All groups of professional drivers experience high risk of various disorders of the locomotor system but type of vehicle and specific working conditions are associated with different health effects on the locomotor system.     

Stress among package truck drivers

In 1992, a cross-sectional questionnaire study of package truck drivers in one company was conducted at four widely scattered sites throughout the US; 317 drivers participated, representing 82% of those eligible. The package truck drivers scored significantly above the US working population comparison norm on all summary and individual scales derived from the SCL 90-R, indicating a substantial increase in psychologic distress for this group. The Global Severity Index, the best single summary measure of psychological distress in the SCL 90-R, revealed a mean T score for the drivers of 64.20, 91st percentile of the normative population. The group perceived significantly more daily stressful events than the average working adult, and their sensitivity to these events was also increased. Role overload, a component of the Occupational Stress Inventory, was the most consistent factor associated with symptoms of psychological distress on multiple regression analysis. This study suggests that job stress is a psychological health hazard for these drivers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 31:202–210, 1997. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

货柜车司机艾滋病相关知识、态度及行为调查

目的了解货柜车司机艾滋病知识水平,探索有效的干预模式。方法采用整群抽样方法,对深圳市货柜车司机257人进行调查。结果货柜车司机对艾滋病基本知识缺乏了解,只有65.19%的司机知道艾滋病的3种传播途径,有97.28%的司机希望了解更多的AIDS相关知识。货柜车司机性伴关系较复杂,但其中只有61.44%司机与暗娼发生性行为时坚持使用安全套。虽未检出人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者,但乙肝病毒和梅毒螺旋体感染检出率分别为13.62%和0.78%,提示货柜车司机普遍存在高危行为。结论货柜车司机高危行为普遍,是感染HIV的高危人群,应采取有针对性的综合干预措施,使其改变高危行为或采取安全性行为,控制艾滋病由高危人群向一般人群传播。     

合肥市出租车司乘人员安全带佩戴状况调查

目的 调查安徽省合肥市出租车司乘人员安全带的佩戴情况。方法 在合肥市区分别选择5个主干道和5个支路路段观察点,每个观察点于工作日、双休日各观察1d。自07:00～19:00连续12h的每1h时间段内,累计观察前排有乘客乘坐的出租车50车次,共观察12000车次。结果 合肥市出租车司机安全带正确、不正确佩戴率及未佩戴率分别为44.2%,3.4%,52.4%;前排乘客安全带的正确佩戴率及未佩戴率分别为0.5%和99.5%。司机安全带正确佩戴率工作日高于双休日,且自07:00～19:00呈增高-降低-增高-降低的变化趋势;上午10～11点、下午4～5点时间段较高,中午1点最低;主干道和支路路段上正确佩戴率差异无统计学意义;女司机正确佩戴率高于男司机。结论 合肥市出租车司乘人员安全带的佩戴率较低,应结合司机佩戴安全带的时间变化规律加强交通监管力度,同时要充分重视对前排乘客安全带使用的干预。     

上海市出租车司机饮食行为现状调查

目的了解出租车司机饮食行为和膳食结构的特点,为相关部门制定健康教育策略提供依据。方法以随机拦截的方法,对上海虹桥机场蓄车池中的1018名出租车司机进行问卷调查。结果出租车司机每日在外就餐以及1日3餐均在外就餐的比例分别为98.4%和44.6%;吃早餐的司机中96.6%的司机的早餐营养不充足,仅0.9%的司机早餐营养充足;司机中不吃早餐、午餐和晚餐的比例分别为3.0%、2.0%和2.4%;司机工作在外时,午餐和晚餐主要是"主食+荤菜+素菜"的膳食构成模式,较少选择水果;司机选择午餐和晚餐的就餐环境,干净卫生和能吃饱是主要考虑的因素,仅4%左右的司机会考虑营养的因素,其中市区司机选择午餐和晚餐时考虑营养的比例高于郊区司机。结论出租车司机存在饮食不规律,1日3餐分配和膳食结构不合理的现象,应加强出租车司机的营养知识宣传教育,降低超重和肥胖,预防高血压等慢性病的发生。