胰头癌、壶腹部癌274例临床与病理诊断分析

目的探讨胰头、壶腹部癌临床与病理诊断的符合率,提高临床诊断水平。方法回顾性分析1981年1月-2002年12月临床诊断的胰头、壶腹部癌274例。将274例患者分为3组:A组(胰十二指肠切除术)163例,B组(肿瘤未切除者)66例,C组(单纯内镜检查)45例。结果临床诊断胰头、壶腹部痛27d例,与病理诊断比较符合率为73.7%(202/274)。A组临床诊断与病理诊断比较符合率93.2%(152/163),B组为45.4%(30/66),C组为42.2%(19/45)。在122例胰头肿块中,胰头癌符合率为68.85%(84/122),其中A组胰头癌符合率89.71%(61/68),B组43.14%(22/1),C组33.3%(1/3)。在150例壶腹部肿块中,壶腹癌诊断符合率为72.0%(108/150),其中A组为88.17%(82/93),B组为53.3%(8/15),C组为42.85%(18/42)。2例为转移癌。胰头、壶腹部癌临床与病理诊断不符合72例(26.3%),其中15例为慢性胰腺炎,16例为慢性十二指肠黏膜炎,8例为十二指肠黏膜上皮不典型增生和33例其他疾病。B超、CT、内镜、ERCP、血清标志物和PGGT、PGGT/TGGT的联合检测,发现早期胰头壶腹部癌(T1N0M0)30例(13.1%,30/229),其中早期胰头癌9例(10.7%,9/84),早期壶腹部癌21例(14.5%,21/145)。结论早期胰头、壶腹部癌(T1N0M0)诊断困难,应提高其诊断水平;胰头癌和胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的鉴别诊断十分重要;在组织病理学确诊胰头、壶腹部癌以前,胰十二指肠切除必须慎重。     

CT与B超对胰头癌诊断的对比分析

目的 探讨胰头癌的超声学特点和B超在胰头癌诊断中的价值.方法 对38例疑为胰腺癌患者进行胰腺B超检查及CT检查,并与病理结果对照.同时对比观察B超和CT在胰头癌诊断中的异同.结果 38例疑为胰腺癌的患病者最终有28例证实为胰头癌患者,B超检查检出21例,诊断符合率为75.0%,CT检出24例,诊断符合率为85.7%.B超与CT比较,各项观察指标均无统计学差异(P均>0.05).结论 B超和CT对胰头癌检查诊断符合率基本一致.     

胰腺癌及壶腹周围癌120例临床分析

我院自1969～1984年6月共收治胰腺癌及壶腹周围癌120例,其中手术109例,手术切除率为28.4%,而胰头癌切除率为28.8%(19/66),壶腹周围癌切除率为80%(12/15),胰头十二指肠切除术死亡率为12.9%(4/31),手术总死亡率为17.4%(19/     

中老年壶腹部癌切除术后29例生存因素分析

壶腹部癌是一种少见的消化道恶性肿瘤,大约占整个消化道肿瘤的4%.壶腹部癌包括壶腹癌、十二指肠癌和胆总管下端癌三种.在临床上与胰头癌有很多共同点,故统称之为壶腹部周围癌[1].其恶性程度明显低于胰头癌,故手术切除率和5年生存率都明显高于胰头癌.其术后5年生存率为20%~35%[2].由于发病率相对较低,关于其预后因素分析的研究很少,单独进行壶腹部癌病例研究的文献则更少.因此,本研究收集了我院近10多年来的壶腹部癌病例,着重就其切除术后影响长期生存的临床病理因素进行分析;以期为手术方式的合理选择和辅助治疗提供依据.     

壶腹癌的超声诊断以及鉴别诊断探讨

目的 探讨超声诊断壶腹癌的准确性以及其与胰头癌、胆管下段癌的鉴别.方法 对2007-02～2009-01收治的壶腹周围癌患者采用回顾性分析的方法进行统计学分析.结果 54例病例超声诊断平均准确率为87.04%.三组肿瘤最大直径的比例进行组间比较(χ2=13.41,P＜0.05)肿瘤直径差异有统计学意义;胰头癌组、壶腹癌组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).肝外胆管扩张程度,壶腹癌组和胆总管下段癌组分别与胰头癌组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),胰管扩张程度三组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 超声诊断是壶腹癌最重要的诊断手段,对鉴别胰头癌和胆管下段癌有辅助作用.     

影响胰头、壶腹部癌患者胰十二指肠切除术后生存的因素

目的分析影响胰头癌、壶腹部癌行胰十二指肠切除术的患者生存期的因素。方法收集1990年1月至2005年6月因胰头癌、壶腹部癌行胰十二指肠切除术的95例患者,有完整随访资料的68例纳入分析。观察的影响因素包括性别,年龄,术前黄疸、GPT、贫血,临床分期,原发肿瘤大小,淋巴结转移,住院期间输血量。Kaplan-Meier法计算累计生存率,单因素分析采用Logrank法,多因素分析采用COX回归模型。结果胰头癌1年、2年、3年生存率分别为37%,12%,12%;壶腹部癌1年、2年、3年生存率分别为60%,38%,31%。单因素分析提示,胰头癌患者的临床分期、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移及输血量与预后有关(P<0.05);壶腹部癌患者的各观察指标与预后的关系无统计学意义。多因素分析提示输血是胰头癌的独立预后因素;壶腹部癌患者无明确的影响预后的独立因素。结论输血是影响胰头癌预后的独立因素,加强围手术期处理有助改善胰头癌患者的预后。     

黄疸前期壶腹周围癌的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨黄疽前期壶腹周围痛的临床特点,提高早期诊断率和手术疗效.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2005年12月收治的27例黄疸前期壶腹周围癌的临床资料.结果 黄疸前期壶腹周围癌的临床症状多为非特异性,主要包括上腹部饱胀不适(92.6%)、上腹部胀痛或隐痛(55.6%)以及不规则发热等(29.6%).B超、CT、MRCP、ERCP和内镜超声(EUS)等影像学检查有助于早期诊断,其阳性发现率分别为75.6%、85.2%、83.3%、84.6%和88.9%.本组27例患者中,19例行区域性胰十二指肠切除术,5例行胰十二指肠切除联合血管切除,3例行胆管或胆囊空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,总切除率为88.9%.无手术死亡,术后并发症发生率为7.4%.术后1、3、5年生存率分别为100%、70.8%、41.7%.结论 壶腹周围癌在黄疸前期有其临床特点和影像学异常改变.如能在黄疸前期作出明确诊断,仍然是提高手术切除率和改善预后的一个重要途径.     

影响胰头、壶腹部癌患者胰十二指肠切除术后生存的因素

目的 分析影响胰头癌、壶腹部癌行胰十二指肠切除术的患者生存期的因素.方法 收集1990年1月至2005年6月因胰头癌、壶腹部癌行胰十二指肠切除术的95例患者,有完整随访资料的68例纳入分析.观察的影响因素包括性别,年龄,术前黄疸、GPT、贫血,临床分期,原发肿瘤大小,淋巴结转移,住院期间输血量.Kaplan-Meier法计算累计生存率,单因素分析采用Log rank法,多因素分析采用COX回归模型.结果 胰头癌1年、2年、3年生存率分别为37%,12%,12%;壶腹部癌1年、2年、3年生存率分别为60%,38%,31%.单因素分析提示,胰头癌患者的临床分期、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移及输血量与预后有关(P＜0.05);壶腹部癌患者的各观察指标与预后的关系无统计学意义.多因素分析提示输血是胰头癌的独立预后因素;壶腹部癌患者无明确的影响预后的独立因素.结论 输血是影响胰头癌预后的独立因素,加强围手术期处理有助改善胰头癌患者的预后.     

胰头癌58例根治术后生存分析

目的 探讨胰头癌根治术后长期生存的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析我院1996年1月至2004年1月58例胰头癌根治术患者的临床资料,并以SPSS10.0统计软件包行COX多元回归分析.结果 58例胰头痛根治性切除术患者中,男30例,女28例,均为胰腺导管癌.行标准胰十二指肠切除术14例,扩大根治术44例.全组1、3、5年生存率为46.6%(27/58)、29.3%(17/58)和8.6%(5/58).扩大根治术组1、3、5年生存率分别为43.2%(19/44)、22.7%(10/44)和6.8%(3/44).COX多元回归分析表明UICC分期、胰周神经浸润和围术期输血对预后有显著影响.结论 胰头癌根治性切除术后长期生存率仍不理想,应重视早期诊断和综合治疗措施.     

壶腹周围癌粪弹力蛋白酶1检测及临床意义

目的探讨壶腹周围癌患者粪弹力蛋白酶1检测的临床意义。方法2005年1月至2006年3月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院、北京市消化疾病中心临床表现、影像学或组织学检查确诊的无法手术切除的壶腹周围癌连续病例34例及非胰性胃肠疾病患者20例,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验进行粪弹力蛋白酶1检测,以200μg/g为临界值。结果34例壶腹周围癌中有29例粪弹力蛋白酶1<200μg/g(29/34,85.3%),粪弹力蛋白酶1平均(114.85±105.19)μg/g,与非胰性胃肠疾病组[(513.28±101.51)μg/g]比较,差异有统计学意义;21例胰头癌患者18例粪弹力蛋白酶1<200μg/g,粪弹力蛋白酶1平均(118.81±111.05)μg/g;13例壶腹部癌患者11例粪弹力蛋白酶1<200μg/g,粪弹力蛋白酶1平均(108.46±99.04)μg/g,胰头癌组粪弹力蛋白酶1与壶腹部癌组比较,差异无统计学意义,胰头癌组及壶腹部癌组弹力蛋白酶1均低于非胰性胃肠疾病组,差异有统计学意义。结论壶腹周围癌患者普遍存在胰腺外分泌功能障碍。     

鳞状细胞癌抗原与肝细胞癌的关系

鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)是一种肿瘤相关蛋白,SCC-Ag可能通过抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡和免疫细胞向肿瘤位置迁移参与恶性生物学过程。在肝细胞癌(HCC)组织,SCC-Ag的表达水平明显高于肝硬化组织和正常肝组织,HCC患者血清SCC-Ag水平亦明显高于肝硬化患者及正常人,SCC-Ag有可能成为新的肝细胞癌标志物。     

Comparative studies of cardia carcinoma and infracardial gastric carcinoma

In a part retrospective, part prospective study, 354 carcinomas of the cardia were compared with 1259 infracardial gastric carcinomas with regard to the age and sex of the patients, macroscopic classification, microscopic classifications, depth of invasion, and survival rates. Mortality rates are generally higher in cardia carcinoma than in stomach carcinoma. The difference is due to the significantly poorer survival of cardia carcinoma patients in stage I, while mortality rates in stages II, III, and IV of both types are approximately similar. Highly significant differences were also found with regard to sex ratio, incidence of macro- and microscopic subtypes, and invasive growth. The typical cardia carcinoma occurs preferentially in men, is mostly well-delineated, and is manifested as an ulcerated or polypoid, well-differentiated tumor of expansive growth, corresponding to Laurén's intestinal type. These results confirm the concepts of McPeak and Warren, MacDonald, and Siewert et al., that the carcinoma located in the cardia must be seen as a separate entity of gastric carcinoma.     

原发性大隐静脉曲张门诊病例分析

1临床资料2006年7月至2009年11月,笔者在解放军总医院登记所诊原发性大隐静脉曲张668例,男性322（556条肢）例,女性346（621条肢）。年龄15～83（平均54）岁。男性≤30岁9例,31～40岁25例,41～50岁110例,51～60岁108例,61～70岁44例,71～80岁21例,80岁≥5例;     

A rare case of synchronous adrenocortical carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma

We present here a rare case of synchronous adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A 27-year-old woman presented with gradual abdominal distension, hematuria, and loss of weight of 3-months duration. She gave a history of treatment for hypertension. The computed axial tomography (CT) scan revealed a large retroperitoneal mass. Her urinary VMA was slightly elevated. Her 24-h urinary metanephrine level was normal. The patient underwent left adrenalectomy, left nephrectomy, spleenectomy, and distal pancreactomy with segmental colonic resection. Postoperative pathology revealed ACC of left suprarenal measuring 22 × 19 × 18 cm(3) and RCC involving the left upper pole of kidney measuring 3 × 2 × 1 cm(3).     

胃癌患者血清中骨桥蛋白水平及其在胃癌组织中的表达

[目的]检测胃癌患者血清中骨桥蛋白（OPN）水平及其在胃癌组织中的表达,分析其与胃癌临床病理特征之间的关系,进一步阐述OPN在胃癌发生发展中的作用。[方法]收集2010年1～7月经病理证实的胃癌患者40例,术前均未行任何治疗。对照组20例正常血清来自正常健康体检者,20例癌旁胃黏膜标本取自距癌组织边缘5cm以上。采用双抗体夹心—酶联免疫吸附法检测40例胃癌患者术前血清,20例正常健康者血清中OPN水平,免疫组化SP法测定40例经手术切除的胃癌组织标本和其中20例癌旁胃黏膜标本中OPN的表达。[结果]①胃癌患者血清中OPN[（105.54±62.52）μg/L]高于正常健康者（P〈0.05）。②癌组织中OPN的阳性表达率为75.0%,显著高于癌旁胃黏膜中（10.0%）的表达（P〈0.05）。③OPN在血清和组织中的表达随着组织学分级、临床分期的增高及淋巴结转移而升高,呈正相关性。[结论]胃癌患者血清和组织中OPN的表达高于对照组,且随着组织学分级、临床分期的增高及有无淋巴结转移而升高,呈正相关性。表明OPN参与胃癌的发生,并且可反映机体肿瘤的负荷状态及预测肿瘤的进展。     

Expression and processing of gastrin in hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrolamellar carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastrin is a trophic factor within the normal gastrointestinal tract and is also a mitogen for a number of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal tumours. Precursor forms of gastrin including progastrin (proG) and glycine-extended gastrin (G-gly) as well as the fully processed amidated gastrin (G-NH2) are expressed by tumours. There has been little study of the role of gastrin in either normal liver or liver tumours. The aim of this study was to identify the expression of CCK-B/gastrin receptor (CCK-BR), proG, G-gly and G-NH2 in normal liver and liver tumours. METHODS: Tissue sections from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrolamellar carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma as well as normal liver biopsies were assessed for expression of CCK-BR and gastrin isoforms. RESULTS: Most liver tumours express CCK-BR and are able to process gastrin as far as proG and G-gly, although not as far as the amidated form. There appears to be little expression of the receptor and no expression of precursor forms of gastrin in normal liver. CONCLUSIONS: Liver tumours express the CCK-BR and precursor forms of gastrin. This expression may be associated with tumour proliferation.     

Anorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. Report of two cases

INTRODUCTION: Anorectal neuroendocrine small cell carcinomas are rare and frequently difficult to treat. EXEGESIS: Two women presented with a fungating tumor located on the upper part of the anal canal. Histology displayed neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin A immunoreactive small cell tumors. A plasmatic neuron-specific enolase secretion was noticed in one case. Tumors were poorly reactive to chemotherapy and irradiation, less than in usual epidermoid anal canal cancer. Evolution was quickly leading to hepatic and pulmonary metastases in both cases. CONCLUSION: Anorectal neuroendocrine small cell carcinomas are rare but need to be individualized from epidermoid anal canal tumors owing to their poor prognosis with a frequent occurrence of hepatic and pulmonary metastasis.     

Double primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver--a case report

Double primary mucoepidermoid-hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver is extremely rare, and only one case has previously been reported in the literature, although there have been about 14 cases of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the liver. Most of the reported hepatic mucoepidermoid carcinoma showed a poor prognosis. We presently report the second case of a double primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma with a brief review of the published literature. A 52-year-old man was admitted because of epigastric pain that lasted for 2 months. A computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a 7-cm, ill-defined mass with irregular marginal enhancement in the left lobe of liver. Another 2-cm nodular tumor was found in segment 8 of the right lobe. The two separate nodules in the patient's liver demonstrated clearly different histologic and immunohistochemical features. The pathological diagnoses were mucoepidermoid carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma for the larger and the smaller tumors, respectively. The patient died of liver failure 6 months after a left lobectomy of the liver.