Mandibular metastasis revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma: Rare case

IntroductionPapillary carcinoma is the most frequent differentiated malignant thyroid neoplasm, Metastasis occurs frequently in regional lymph nodes and mandibular metastasis are very rare and most are secondary to follicular carcinomas due to their blood diffusion, The mandibular metastasis of papillary carcinoma is exceptional.Case reportWe report a rare case of mandibular metastasis revealing papillary thyroid carcinoma in a 52-year-old patient, with a review of the literature on clinical features, radiological aspect, and treatment options.Discussion conclusionMandibular metastasis of thyroid cancer are rare and the initial metastases revealing papillary carcinoma are exceptional, few cases are reported in the literature, and due to their rarities and relative lack of data on their management, There is no clearly defined processing algorithm.     

A case of metastasis from gastric cancer to the thyroid gland

Metastatic tumors in the thyroid gland are rarely seen in clinical practice. This report describes a case of metastasis from gastric cancer to the thyroid, found five years after removal of the primary gastric lesion. The patient had a large thyroid mass extending to the mediastinum, but there were no obvious metastatic lesions anywhere except in the thyroid. Subtotal thyroidectomy was performed and histological examination revealed the same findings as those of the original gastric cancer. Of additional interest are the findings that led us to believe this metastatic tumor produced alpha-fetoprotein. Seven months following the operation, the patient died suddenly and, although it is difficult to say whether the patient’s survival was prolonged, we believe that the thyroid surgery gave him considerable palliation.     

Solitary liver metastasis from follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report and literature review

IntroductionPapillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC) thyroid carcinomas, together known as differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC), are among the most curable of cancers. Sites of metastases from FTC are usually osseous and those from PTC are in regional nodal basins and the lungs. Visceral metastases are rare and when they do occur, they tend do so in multiple sites. We present the case of a patient with a follicular variant of PTC and a solitary metastasis to the liver then review the relevant literature.Presentation of caseAn otherwise healthy 68-year-old woman was diagnosed with follicular variant papillary thyroid cancer in 2003 and subsequently underwent thyroidectomy. The patient’s endocrinologist conducted surveillance of her thyroid cancer. In 2012, due to rise in thyroglobulin, a whole body radioiodine scan was obtained which revealed an iodine-avid left liver lobe mass. Three cycles of radioiodine ablation therapy were unsuccessful and eventually the patient was referred for surgical resection. Metastatic evaluation including a PET scan was negative with the exception of an isolated enhancing 4 cm mass in segment 4B of the liver. Anatomic segmental resection of liver was performed without complications. Intraoperative ultrasonography was used to guide resection of the liver mass. Pathology reports confirmed metastatic follicular variant of PTC. Surgical margins were free of tumor. Patient was discharged home and is doing well one year after surgery. The latest thyroglobulin level was undetectable.DiscussionPost-operative surveillance by PCP, endocrinologist or surgeon for patients with thyroid carcinoma should be performed routinely. If identified, a solitary liver metastasis from primary thyroid carcinoma should be considered for surgical resection. Due to sparse data available in literature, collecting more data to establish algorithms for treatment of such rare metastatic cancers may be able to aid physicians to achieve better outcomes.ConclusionRare distant sites of metastases from DTC include eyes, pharynx, skin, muscle, ovaries, adrenal glands, kidneys, esophagus, pancreas and liver. Isolated, resectable liver metastases from PTC are exceedingly rare. Literature review revealed only 10 reported cases of liver metastases from DTC. As in our patient, solitary liver metastasis from PTC should be considered for surgical resection which offers the best chance for prolonged survival.     

Parapharyngeal lymph node metastasis: an unusual presentation of papillary thyroid carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Parapharyngeal space nodal metastases are usually secondary to malignancies of the pharynx and sinonasal tract, although localization of lymphomas is also possible. Parapharyngeal metastases arising from thyroid papillary carcinoma are instead an exceedingly rare event, with only 10 cases reported up to now in the literature. METHODS: We describe two cases of parapharyngeal metastasis from thyroid papillary carcinoma in a man and a woman, aged 40 and 52 years, respectively. RESULTS: Both patients had a lesion that clinically appeared to be located in the parapharyngeal space; they underwent CT and MRI, which detected a cystic mass in the poststyloid compartment. In the first patient, fine-needle aspiration cytology failed in identifying the histologic nature of the lesion, which was excised through a transcervical approach. A diagnosis of metastatic thyroid papillary carcinoma was rendered and therefore the patient underwent total thyroidectomy. In the second patient, a total thyroidectomy, previously scheduled for multinodular goiter, was performed along with the removal of the parapharyngeal mass. Definitive histologic findings revealed that the two parapharyngeal masses were cystic metastases from a thyroid papillary carcinoma. Both patients received postoperative 131I treatment. Twenty-four months after surgery, the first patient is free of disease, whereas the second one has clear signs of abnormal 131I uptake in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS: The differential diagnosis of a parapharyngeal poststyloid mass should also include metastasis from thyroid papillary carcinoma. When the lesion displays a cystic appearance on imaging, it is advisable to rule out a thyroid primary by ultrasonographic examination. The occurrence of a metastasis in such unusual site, even though rarely reported, does not seem to significantly affect the prognosis of the disease.     

Sternal metastasis as first manifestation of a papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report

IntroductionPapillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) are differentiated forms of thyroid carcinoma. Sternal metastases from differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) are rare and are of particular prognostic interest. Radioiodine therapy has traditionally been the treatment of choice for metastases from differentiated thyroid cancers; however, bone metastases are known to be resistant to this form of treatment. Surgical resection of distant metastases from DTCs offers a better chance of achieving long survival and a better quality of life. We report the case of a 59-year-old women who presented a presternal mass for one year revealing metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma, a total thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection and reconstruction of the sternal defect were performed. Overall, we demonstrate that radical resection of sternal metastases can be performed safely even in patients with poor prognosis to achieve palliation and potentiation of Radioiodine therapy.Case reportThis is a 59-year-old women referred by the endocrinology service for a sternal metastasis of a papillary thyroid carcinoma, who presented a painless, firm and fixed presternal mass for one year, a total thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection was performed with En-bloc resection and reconstruction as a one-stage procedure. Reconstruction of the chest wall was obtained by the rigid reconstruction with titanium bars and coverage with polymesh dual prosthesis, followed by radioiodine therapy and substitution with L-thyroxine. The patient is currently in good health condition, and does not present any complications and was in euthyroidism under substitution for the long term follow up.DiscussionThyroid cancer is the fastest increasing cancer in the United States, It is expected to replace colon cancer as the fourth leading cancer by 2030.2 More than 90% of thyroid carcinoma cases are classified as papillary or follicular carcinoma, both referred to as differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs) and are associated with a 97%–98% 10-year survival rate. However, this rate can decrease to 14%–21% when patients present with bone metastases. Bone metastases have been reported to occur in 2%–13% of patients with DTC (Osorio et al. [1]). Several techniques have been used to repair after wide sternal resection for metastatic malignancies. Furthermore, choice of the reconstruction techniques depends on the size and the site of the defect and the preference of the surgeon (Lequaglie et al. [2]).ConclusionSternal metastases from papillary thyroid carcinomas are rare,few cases of sternal metastasis as first presentation of a well-differentiated PTC are described in the literature. Operative management of these metastases is still controversial, but radical resection offer patients an optimal probability of long-term survival.     

Retropharyngeal node metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Papillary thyroid carcinomas commonly metastasize to paratracheal and jugular lymph nodes. Metastasis to the retropharyngeal node is rare for this tumor. METHODS: Five patients underwent surgical treatment for metastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma to the retropharyngeal lymph nodes that presented as a parapharyngeal or retropharyngeal mass. All patients had a history of total or subtotal thyroidectomy as their initial treatment. Among them, 3 patients had undergone ipsilateral modified radical neck dissection at their initial treatment. The other 2 patients had a history of bilateral or ipsilateral modified neck dissection for their subsequent cervical lymph node metastases. RESULTS: Metastatic retropharyngeal nodes were successfully resected via transcervical approach in all patients. Although aspiration and difficulty in swallowing were observed in 2 patients after surgical treatment for metastatic retropharyngeal nodes, these complications spontaneously resolved within a few months. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that neck dissection and/or metastatic cervical lymph nodes might alter the direction of lymphatic drainage to the retrograde fashion, resulting in the unusual metastasis to the retropharyngeal lymph nodes. Although the cases described here are rare, metastasis to the retropharyngeal node should be considered at the follow-up for thyroid papillary carcinoma. Because these metastases will be missed by routine ultrasonography of the neck, periodic CT scan or MRI is recommended for follow-up, especially for patients with a history of neck dissection.     

Hyperfunctioning papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report with literature review

IntroductionThyroid malignant tumors are rarely associated with hyperfunctioning thyroid. The incidence of this co-incidence is highly variable. Here we report a rare case of papillary thyroid cancer associated with hyperthyroidism with brief literature review.Case reportA 40-year-old male, presented with palpitation, excess sweating and weight loss for one month duration. There was asymmetrical swelling of the neck, more on right side, mobile. Free T3: 11.09 pmol/L, free T4: 34.41 pmol/L, TFT: less than 0.005 mIU/ml, Neck ultrasound showed features of background thyroiditis. Left lobe contained 9 × 7 × 5 mm nodule with irregular outline and multiple dots of calcification, other nodules are of the same features. Under ultrasound guide, fine needle aspiration cytology showed features of papillary carcinoma. After preparation, total thyrodectomy done and the result of histopathological examination confirmed papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient was put on 0.2 mg thyroxine daily.DiscussionLiterature review has showed an increasing number of papers reporting the association of high level of thyroid function tests and thyroid malignancy. The cause of high level of TH in thyroid malignancy is thought to be due to an active mutation of the gene of TH receptor. Niepomniszcze and colleagues found that a combination of TSH receptor mutations and Ki-RAS was the main etiological factor for hyperfunction of the thyroid malignancy.ConclusionAlthough the coexistence of them is rare, thyroid malignancy should be put in the differential diagnosis of hyperthyroid goiter.     

Breast cancer concurrent with hyperthyroidism: A case report

A case of breast cancer concurrent with hyperthyroidism was reported and the relation between breast cancer and thyroid dysfunction was reviewed. It has been frequently suggested that the incidence of breast cancer is decreased in patients with hyperthyroidism and breast cancer co-incidental with hyperthyroidism is rare.     

Solitary cranial metastasis of thyroid carcinoma 13 years after primary surgery: Report of a case

Thyroid cancers rarely metastasize to the brain: the incidence of brain metastasis of differential thyroid carcinomas has been reported at only 0.69%–1.3%. We report a case of a solitary brain metastasis from thyroid follicular carcinoma found 13 years after primary surgery. A 73-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for investigation of headaches, double vision, and facial nerve palsy, 13 years after a subtotal thyroidectomy for thyroid follicular carcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a solitary mass in the midbrain associated with a focal osteolytic lesion of the temporal bone. Further radiological examinations revealed no other mass lesion. After making a provisional preoperative diagnosis of a primary brain tumor, we performed subtotal removal of the tumor. Histopathological examination confirmed metastasis of thyroid follicular carcinoma. Thus, the patient underwent completion thyroidectomy followed by internal radiotherapy. She has remained well in the 4 years since her operation, without any signs of further recurrence.     

Renal metastasis of thyroid carcinoma

We report here the sixth known case of metastatic renal tumor of thyroid carcinoma. In 1999, a 37-year-old man was referred to us with a left renal mass found incidentally by ultrasound during an annual check-up. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a well-defined, hyperdense mass 3 cm in diameter in the middle of the left kidney. Left radical nephrectomy was performed under the preoperative diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. Histologically, the tumor was metastatic of typical papillary thyroid carcinoma.     

A case report: Renal metastasis of prostate cancer

In this report, a rare case of renal metastasis of prostate cancer in a 55-year-old man is presented.     

细针穿刺洗脱液测定甲状腺球蛋白鉴别转移淋巴结性质

目的:临床研究通过细针穿刺洗脱液测定甲状腺球蛋白水平鉴别甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结性质的可行性。方法:20例甲状腺乳头状癌伴明显颈部淋巴结转移的病人,术中对切除甲状腺和颈部淋巴结行直视下细针穿刺,对穿刺洗脱液行甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)的测定,并与病理检查结果比对。结果:甲状腺内乳头状癌病灶的穿刺洗脱液Tg值中位数为84.4(19.0～446.1)ng/mL,甲状腺良性组织的穿刺洗脱液Tg值中位数为133.4(16.0～558.3)ng/mL,两者比较无统计学差异。直径>1 cm的转移性淋巴结穿刺洗脱液Tg值中位数为78.0(14.9～1000.0)ng/mL,显著高于直径>1 cm的反应性增生淋巴结穿刺洗脱液Tg值[0.1(0.1～1.3)ng/mL]。直径1 cm的穿刺洗脱液Tg值明显高于直径