西酞普兰中间体5-腈基异苯并呋喃-1-酮的合成研究

目的以简单易得的原料合成西酞普兰的中间体5-腈基异苯并呋喃-1-酮。方法以邻苯二甲酰亚胺为原料,通过硝化、还原、开环、环合、Sandmeyer反应、取代等6步反应制得5-腈基异苯并呋喃-1-酮。结果目标化合物经熔点测定、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱等确证其化学结构。结论原料易得,方法简单,值得推广。     

5-溴异苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮合成方法改进

以邻苯二甲酰亚胺为起始原料，经硝化、还原、溴代等步骤。合成5－溴异苯并呋喃－1（3H）－酮，总收率为40%（以邻苯二甲酰亚胺计），纯度达99.6%。     

5-氨基-4-氧代戊酸盐酸盐的制备

乙酰丙酸经酯化、溴化得到5-溴或3-溴-4-氧代戊酸甲酯混合物，无需分离，直接与邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾在DMF中反应得N-[（2-氧代-4-甲氧羰基）丁基]邻苯二甲酰亚胺，最后经稀盐酸酸解得到5-氨基-4-氧代戊酸盐酸盐，总收率接近44％。     

抗肿瘤药Pomalidomide的合成

N-(叔丁氧羰基)-L-谷氨酰胺(2)经闭环、脱保护制得3-氨基-2,6-哌啶二酮三氟乙酸盐(4).另用3-硝基邻苯二甲酸(5)脱水制得3-硝基邻苯二甲酸酐(6).4和6经缩合、铁粉/浓盐酸还原制得免疫调节剂类抗肿瘤药3-氨基-N-(2,6-二氧代-3-哌啶基)-邻苯二甲酰亚胺,以5计总收率约35%.     

7,7-邻苯二氧基-1-辛烯-3-酮的合成

乙酰乙酸乙酯和丙烯腈经Michael加成、水解脱羧得到5-氧代己腈，经邻苯二酚保护酮基后，由二异丁基氢化铝还原氰基为醛基，与乙烯基溴化镁反应后经Jones试剂氧化，得到甾体化合物的全合成中间体7，7-邻苯二氧基-1-辛烯-3-酮，总收率约为28％。     

2-(氨基)乙基甲基砜盐酸盐的合成

甲基亚磺酸锌二水合物(2)与环氧乙烷经开环、氯代、取代及水解反应制得2-(氨基)乙基甲基砜盐酸盐(1),总收率50%。2或甲基亚磺酸钠与N-(2-溴乙基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺经取代和水解反应也可制得1,总收率68%或79%。     

5-(2-溴乙基)-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃的制备

2,3-二氢苯并呋喃-5-乙酸与氯甲酸乙酯反应得混酐后,再经硼氢化钠还原制得5-羟乙基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃,在三苯膦作用下经N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺溴代,制得达非那新中间体5-(2-溴乙基)-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃,总收率约83%。     

4-[4-(吡啶-3-基)咪唑-1-基]丁胺的合成

以3-乙酰基吡啶为起始原料,经肟化、磺酰化、氧化、环合、还原得到3-(咪唑-4-基)吡啶,再经与N-(4-溴丁基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺缩合及肼解等反应制得抗菌剂泰利霉素的特定侧链化合物4-[4-(吡啶-3-基)咪唑-1-基]丁胺,总收率24%.     

10,11-二氢-5H-二苯并[b,f]氮杂的合成

以邻硝基甲苯为起始原料 ,经缩合、加氢还原、磷酸成盐得 2 ,2′-二氨基联苄二磷酸盐 ,再经环合制得 10 ,11-二氢 - 5 H -二苯并 [b,f]氮杂。总收率 6 3.5 %。     

盐酸维拉唑酮的合成

以5-溴水杨醛和溴代丙二酸二乙酯为起始原料,经醚化、环合、酰胺化、取代及脱保护反应制得关键中间体5-(1-哌嗪基)苯并呋喃-2-甲酰胺(5).另用5-氰基吲哚和4-氯丁酰氯经酰化、还原制得3-(4-氯丁基)-5-氰基-1H-吲哚(7).5和7经缩合及与盐酸成盐制得盐酸维拉唑酮,总收率为36.3％(以5-溴水杨醛计).     

Identification of in vitro rat metabolites of 1-phenylcyclohexene

In vitro metabolites of 1-phenylcyclohexene produced by the 10,000g supernatant fraction from rat liver homogenates were identified by a combination of spectrometric, chromatographic, and synthetic techniques. Initial oxidation occurred in the 3-position of 1-phenylcyclohexene to yield 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexen-3-one and 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexen-3-ol. Further allylic oxidation at the 6-position occurred to form 1-phenyl-6-hydroxy-1-cyclohexen-3-one and 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexene-3,6-diol. Trans-1-phenyl-1-cyclohexene-3,4-diol was also found and may have resulted from hydroxylation of 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexen-3-one alpha to the carbonyl to yield 4-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1-cyclohexen-3-one (not isolated) followed by carbonyl reduction. Oxidation of the double bond also occurred to give the cis and trans isomers of 1-phenylcyclohexane-1,2-diol as well as a compound postulated to be 1-phenylcyclohexane-1,2,3-triol.     

氧甲氢龙衍生物的合成

目的：设计合成氧甲氢龙的衍生物。方法：以3β-羟基-5α-雄甾烷-17-酮为原料经氧化开环、还原、缩合得到中间体17β-羟基-A-失碳-5α-雄甾烷-2-酮,此中间体与不同的酰氯反应生成的一系列C17位酰化产物再经过Baeyer -Villiger反应得到氧甲氢龙衍生物系列A;以3β-羟基-5α-雄甾烷-17-酮为原料与不同酰氯反应生成氧甲氢龙衍生物系列B;以3β-羟基-5α-雄甾烷-17-酮的酰化产物为原料经过Baeyer-Villiger反应得到氧甲氢龙衍生物系列C。结果与讨论 ：合成了3个系列22个未见报道的新化合物,目标化合物的结构均经H1-NMR、IR、MS谱确证。     

盐酸昂丹司琼有关物质B的合成

为了盐酸昂丹司琼的质控,合成了欧洲药典7.0中规定的有关物质B[6,6′-亚甲基双[9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)甲基]-1,2,3,9-四氢-4H-咔唑-4-酮]]:用4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷经重氮化及还原得到4,4′-二肼基二苯甲烷二盐酸盐,与1,3-环己二酮缩合后进行Fischer环合生成6,6′-亚甲基双(1,2,3,9-四氢4H-咔唑-4-酮),再经甲基化、与多聚甲醛进行羟醛缩合反应,最后与2-甲基咪唑进行Michael加成制得.     

Synthesis of 11 beta,13 beta- and 13 beta,16 beta-propano steroids: probes of hormonal activity.

Syntheses of 11 beta,13 beta- and 13 beta,16 beta-propano derivatives of 17 alpha-ethynyl-17 beta-hydroxygon-4-en-3-one are described. The 13 beta,16 beta bridge was constructed by intramolecular alkylation of the C-16 enolate anion from 3-methoxy-13 beta-[3'-(tosyloxy)propyl]gona-3,5-dien-17-one, the latter being obtained via Birch reduction of both aryl groups of 17 beta-hydroxy-3-methoxy-13 beta-(3'-phenoxypropyl)gona-1,3,5(10),8-tetraene (1). The 11 beta,13 beta bridge was constructed by Prins cyclization of 17 beta-acetoxy-3-methoxy-13 beta-(3'-oxopropyl)gona-1,3,5(10),9(11)-tetraene, itself obtained via Birch reduction of only the side-chain aryl group of 1. Binding affinities of certain of these compounds and substituted 13 beta-propyl derivatives of 17 alpha-ethynyl-17 beta-hydroxygon-4-en-3-one for the uterine cytosol receptor of progesterone are reported, and the origin of the high progestational activity of norgestrel and 11 beta-substituted progestins is discussed.     

5-Benzamidoisoquinolin-1-ones and 5-(ω-carboxyalkyl)isoquinolin-1-ones as isoform-selective inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 (PARP-2)

PARP-2 is a member of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family, with some activities similar to those of PARP-1 but with other distinct roles. Two series of isoquinolin-1-ones were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as selective inhibitors of PARP-2, using the structures of the catalytic sites of the isoforms. A new efficient synthesis of 5-aminoisoquinolin-1-one was developed, and acylation with acyl chlorides gave 5-acylaminoisoquinolin-1-ones. By examination of isoquinolin-1-ones with carboxylates tethered to the 5-position, Heck coupling of 5-iodoisoquinolin-1-one furnished the 5-CH═CHCO(2)H compound for reduction to the 5-propanoic acid. Alkylation of 5-aminoisoquinolin-1-one under mildly basic conditions, followed by hydrolysis, gave 5-(carboxymethylamino)isoquinolin-1-one, whereas it was alkylated at 2-N with methyl propenoate and strong base. Compounds were assayed in vitro for inhibition of PARP-1 and PARP-2, using FlashPlate and solution-phase assays, respectively. The 5-benzamidoisoquinolin-1-ones were more selective for inhibition of PARP-2, whereas the 5-(ω-carboxyalkyl)isoquinolin-1-ones were less so. 5-Benzamidoisoquinolin-1-one is the most PARP-2-selective compound (IC(50(PARP-1))/IC(50(PARP-2)) = 9.3) to date, in a comparative study.     

Studies on the in vivo biotransformation of the tobacco alkaloid beta-nicotyrine

This paper reports the results of studies on the in vivo metabolic fate of the tobacco alkaloid 1-methyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)pyrrole (beta-nicotyrine) in New Zealand white rabbits. Two previously characterized metabolites, 5-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrrolidinone (5-hydroxycotinine) and 2-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-3-pyrrolin-2-one, were present in low concentrations in the urine of the treated animals. The major urinary metabolite of beta-nicotyrine was identified as cis-3'-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrrolidinone (cis-3'-hydroxycotinine), the diastereoisomer of the major urinary metabolite of (S)-nicotine. The pathway leading to cis-3'-hydroxycotinine is proposed to proceed via autoxidation of 2-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)pyrrole, a postulated cytochrome P450-generated metabolite of beta-nicotyrine, followed by reduction of the carbon-carbon double bond present in the resulting 3-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one species. This proposal is supported by the in vivo biotransformation of 2-acetoxy-1-methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)pyrrole, a latent form of the putative hydroxypyrrole intermediate, to cis-3'-hydroxycotinine. The in vivo conversion of 5-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-3-pyrrolin-2-one to 5-hydroxycotinine is offered as evidence that supports the proposed reduction step.     

Adenosine deaminase inhibitors. Synthesis and biological evaluation of (+/-)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]imidazo[4,5-d] [1,3]diazepin-8-ol and some selected C-5 homologues of pentostatin

The synthesis of several analogues of (8R)-3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro- pentofuranosyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol (pentostatin, 1a) is described. Ring closure of 2-amino-1-(5-amino-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanone dihydrochloride (3) with triethyl orthoacetate or triethyl orthopropionate gave the C-5 methyl and ethyl ketoaglycons, 6,7-dihydro-5-methylimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8(3H)-one (4b) and 5-ethyl-6,7-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8(3H)-one (4c), respectively. Stannic chloride catalyzed condensation of the pertrimethylsilyl derivatives of 4b and 4c with a protected glycosyl halide afforded anomeric mixtures of ketonucleosides 3-(2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-beta- and -alpha-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-6,7-dihydro-5-methylimidazo[4,5-d] [1,3]diazepin-8(3H)-one (5b and 6b) and 3-(2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl)-beta- and -alpha-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-ethyl-6,7-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d]- [1,3]diazepin-8(3H)-one (5c and 6c), respectively. Subsequent separation of the anomers, followed by deprotection and reduction of 5b, 6b, and 5c, afforded the respective 8R and 8S isomers. Stannic chloride catalyzed condensation of pertrimethylsilyl ketoaglycon 4a with 2-(chloromethoxy)-1-(p-toluoyloxy) ethane to give ketonucleoside 6,7-dihydro-3-[[2-(p-toluoyloxy)ethoxy] methyl]imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8(3H)-one (9a) was followed by deprotection to 6,7-dihydro-3[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]imidazo[4,5-d][1,3] diazepin-8(3H)-one (9b) and then reduction to the racemic acyclic pentostatin analogue (+/-)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3-[ (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol (2). Ki values for the in vitro adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4; type I; calf intestinal mucosa) inhibitory activities of 1b, 1c, and 2 were determined to be 1.6 X 10(-8), 1.5 X 10(-6), and 9.8 X 10(-8) M, respectively. When compounds 2 and 9b were tested in combination with vidarabine against herpes simplex virus, type 1, in an HEp-2 plaque reduction assay, only compound 2 was able to potentiate the antiviral activity of vidarabine.     

Synthesis of D,L beta-aminomethyl derivatives of gamma-(p-chlorophenyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-one

Several new D,L beta-aminomethyl derivatives of gamma-(p-chlorophenyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-one have been synthesized. The derivatives of D,L beta-aminomethyl-beta-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-propionic acid 2-6 were used as the substrates. These compounds were obtained by the Mannich reaction from acid 1, cyclic secondary amines and formaldehyde. After the reduction with NaBH4, and cyclization, derivatives 2-6 were converted into the appropriate derivatives of tetrahydrofuran-2-one 9-13. Some of the obtained compounds (5, 6, 8, 11 and 12) showed depressant activity against the central nervous system.     

利伐沙班的合成

目的：研究利伐沙班的化学合成新方法。方法以对硝基苯胺为起始原料,通过开环后环合、还原制得4-（4-氨基苯基）-3-吗啉酮,再经加成、环合、脱保护、缩合4步反应生成最终产物利伐沙班。结果合成的利伐沙班的总收率为32.1％（以对硝基苯胺计）,其结构经红外光谱（ IR）、氢核磁共振（1 H-NMR）和质谱（ MS）确证。结论本研究原料价廉易得,合成操作简单,成本低,适合工业化生产。     

A CONVENIENT ROUTE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF CIS-1-SUBSTITUTED 1,2,3,4,4a,5,11,11a-OCTAHYDRO-6H-PYRIDO[3,2-b]CARBAZOLES AND 4-SUBSTITUTED 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,11c-OCTAHYDRO-7H-PYRIDO[2,3-c] CARBAZOLES AS POTENT DOPAMINE AGONISTS

The cis-1/4 substituted octahydropyrido[(3,2-b)/(2,3-c)]carbazoles have shown potent dopamine agonistic activity in vitro and in vivo. The reported method¹ of their synthesis involves hydrogenation at high temperature and pressure. Some attempts have been made to develop new methods.² So in order to explore an alternative method, the key intermediate 4-benzoyloxy cyclohexanone obtained from 1,4-cyclohesanediol by its benzoylation followed by oxidation is used. The 4-benzolyloxycyclohexanone on condensation with acrylamide through enamine intermediate gave 6-benzoyloxy-1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroquinoline-2-one, which on hydrolysis followed by reduction afforded 6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydroquinoline-2-one which on oxidation, Fischer Indolisation and LAH reduction followed by alkylation yielded the desired octahydropyrido-[(3,2-b)/(2,3-c)] carbozoles.