血脂水平与动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发性脑缺血的相关性

目的 探讨血脂水平与动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)后迟发性脑缺血（DCI）的相关性。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年12月收治的74例aSAH的临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析检验性别、年龄、动脉瘤位置、动脉瘤大小、世界神经外科医师联盟（WFNS）分级、改良Fisher分级、Hunt-Hess分级、治疗方式、总甘油三脂、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、脂蛋白(a)、载脂蛋白A、载脂蛋白B等因素与DCI的关系。结果 74例中,65例入院后检测血脂,20例出现DCI,45例未出现DCI,aSAH后DCI的发生率为30.8%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示高甘油三酯及改良Fisher分级是aSAH后DCI发生的独立危险因素。结论 及时检测aSAH患者的血脂水平和对患者进行改良Fisher分级对DCI的诊断治疗均有参考价值。     

Subarachnoid hemorrhage rebleeding in the first 24 h is associated with external ventricular drain placement and higher grade on presentation: Cohort study

BackgroundRebleeding after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) confers a poor prognosis; however, risk factors and differential outcomes associated with early rebleeding in the first 24 h after symptom presentation are incompletely understood.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of all aSAH presenting to our institution between 2001 and 2016 was performed. Early rebleeding events were defined as clinical neurologic decline with radiographically confirmed acute intracranial hemorrhage within 24 h after symptom presentation. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess clinical associations, with a specific focus on baseline Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), and modified Fisher scores.ResultsOf 471 aSAH cases, 33 (7%) experienced early rebleeding. Multivariate regression identified extraventricular drain (EVD) placement (OR = 2.16, P = 0.04) and WFNS 3–5 (OR = 2.69, P = 0.02) as significant predictors of early rebleeding. Good functional outcomes were observed in 8 patients with early rebleeding (24%), all of whom underwent aneurysm treatment. Higher SAH grade prior to rebleeding (WFNS 3–5) was significantly associated with increased odds of an unfavorable functional outcome (OR = 8.09, P < 0.01). Anticoagulation, aneurysm size and location were not significantly associated with either early rebleeding incidence or functional outcome.ConclusionsEarly rebleeding in aSAH is associated with unfavorable functional outcomes. EVD placement and higher SAH grade on presentation appear to be significantly and independently associated with increased risk of rebleeding within first 24 h, as well as unfavorable long-term functional outcome; however, the clinical benefit of hyper-acute aneurysm treatment requires further investigation.     

Best Motor Response Predicts Favorable Outcome for “True” WFNS Grade V Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

BackgroundThe universal application of ultra-early surgery for World Federation of Neurological Societies (WFNS) grade V aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients may lead to the increased implementation of unnecessary treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to refine the patient selection process for timely definitive treatment.MethodsFrom January 2011 to March 2020, a total of 517 aSAH patients were treated at our institution. Among these, 177 aSAH patients with WFNS grade V on admission were identified from our database. Patients with improved grades in response to the initial supportive treatment, with clinical or radiological signs of herniation, and with irreversible signs of brain damage such as bilaterally dilated pupils and global ischemia on follow-up CT scan were excluded. The outcome of definitive treatment for 54 patients without herniation who remained with WFNS grade V after the initial supportive treatment were analyzed to seek any factor for a favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale 0–2).ResultsAmong 54 patients, 19 (35.2%) had a favorable outcome after a definitive treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the best motor response (BMR) 4 on Glasgow Coma Scale was significantly associated with favorable outcomes (odds ratio, 3.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–13.0, p = 0.03). The positive predictive value of BMR 4 was 48.3%.ConclusionsAlbeit being simple, BMR 4 may facilitate the prompt aggressive treatment for patients with WFNS grade V including those with “true” grade V who do not have any clinical and radiological signs of herniation.     

Analysis of risk factors correlated with angiographic vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage using explainable predictive modeling

Cerebral vasospasm (CAV) is a major complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) was used to analyze the contribution of risk factors on the development of CAV. We obtained data about patients (n = 343) treated for aSAH in our hospital. Predictive factors including age, aneurysm size, Hunt and Hess grade, and modified Fisher grade were used as input to analyze the contribution and correlation of factors correlated with CAV using a random forest regressor. An analysis conducted using an XAI model showed that aneurysm size (27.6%) was most significantly associated with the development of CAV, followed by age (20.7%) and Glasgow coma scale score (7.1%). In some patients with an estimated artificial intelligence-selected CAV value of 51%, the important risk factors were aneurysm size (9.1 mm) and location, and hypertension is also considered a major influencing factor. We could predict that Fisher grade 3 contributed to 20.3%, and the group using Antiplatelet contributed to 12.2% which is expected to lower cerebral CAV compared to the Control group (16.9%). The accuracy rate of the XAI system was 85.5% (area under the curve = 0.88). Using the modeling, aneurysm size and age were quantitatively analyzed and were found to be significantly associated with CAV in patients with aSAH. Hence, XAI modeling techniques can be used to analyze factors correlated with CAV by schematizing prediction results in some patients. Moreover, poor Fisher grade and use of postoperative antiplatelet agent are important factors for prediction of CAV.     

Association of cerebrospinal fluid advanced oxidation protein products levels with early brain injury and prognosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A preliminary prospective study

ObjectivesIn this study, we investigated the time course in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) levels in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), and ascertained the relationship between the levels of AOPPs and early brain injury (EBI), hydrocephalus and prognosis of patients with aSAH.MethodsWe measured the CSF AOPPs levels in 50 patients with aSAH at 1–3 d, 4–6 d, 7–9 d, and 10–12 d after hemorrhage. The modified Fisher grades, Hunt-Hess grades, CSF IL-6 levels, peripheral blood count of white blood cells, cerebral edema scores and hydrocephalus were used to assess the severity of brain injury. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were used to assess the prognosis. Patients with mRS scores greater than 2 were considered to have a poor outcome.ResultsCSF AOPPs levels were significantly higher in patients with aSAH with poor prognosis, compared to patients with good prognosis and peaked in the early stage. Among patients with aSAH, the levels of CSF AOPPs on days 1–3 were significantly correlated with modified Fisher grades, Hunt-Hess grades, CSF IL-6 levels, peripheral blood count of white blood cells, and cerebral edema scores. Also, in patients with hydrocephalus, early CSF AOPPs levels were significantly elevated. Levels of CSF AOPPs in aSAH patients on days 1–3, 4–6, and 7–9 were independently associated with poor prognosis at the 90-day follow-up, and the optimal area under the curve (AUC) values for CSF AOPPs levels were found on days 1–3.ConclusionsAOPPs may serve as the potential biomarker to assess the severity of EBI and prognosis in patients with aSAH.     

Organic psychiatric disorders after aneurysmal SAH: outcome and associations with age,bleeding severity,and arterial hypertension

OBJECTIVES: The Lindqvist & Malmgren's system was used to describe the outcome of organic psychiatric disorders (OPDs) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and their associations with age, bleeding severity, and pre-existing arterial hypertension (preAH). MATERIAL AND METHOD: OPDs were diagnosed at 3, 6, and 12 months after aSAH in a prospective cohort study (n=63). Reaction level (RLS85), World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Committee SAH scale (WFNS), Fisher, and hydrocephalus grades were assessed at admission. RESULTS: At 3/6/12 months, 60/49/38% had an Astheno-emotional disorder (AED), 4/5/5% had emotional-motivational blunting disorder (EMD) and 19/19/16% had Korsakoffs amnestic disorder (KAD). AED was associated with preAH, whereas EMD/KAD, but not AED, was associated with a higher mean age, worse median RLS85 levels, WFNS grades, and Fisher grades. CONCLUSIONS: OPDs were diagnosed in 59% of the patients at 12 months after aSAH. AED, the most common OPD, had the highest recovery rate and was associated with preAH. Use of organic psychiatric diagnoses for evaluation of outcome after aSAH and other brain injuries is encouraged.     

颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者血压变异性与预后的相关性研究

目的 本文旨在探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage，aSAH）患者血压 变异性对预后的影响。      

Ultra-Early Induction of General Anesthesia for Reducing Rebleeding Rates in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

ObjectiveRebleeding of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is one of the significant risk factors for poor clinical outcome. The rebleeding risk is the highest during the acute phase with an approximate rebleeding rate of 9-17% within the first 24 h. Theoretically, general anesthesia can stabilize a patient's vital signs; however, its effectiveness as initial management for preventing post-aSAH rebleeding remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and safety of ultra-early general anesthesia induction for reducing the rebleeding rates among patients with aSAH.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively evaluated patients with aSAH who were admitted to our department between January 2013 and December 2019. All the patients underwent ultra-early general anesthesia induction as initial management regardless of their severity. We evaluated the rebleeding rate before definitive treatment, factors influencing rebleeding, and general anesthesia complications.ResultsWe included 191 patients with two-third of them having a poor clinical grade (World Federation of Neurological Society [WFNS] grade IV or V). The median duration from admission to general anesthesia induction was 22 min. Rebleeding before definitive treatment occurred in nine patients (4.7%). There were significant differences in the Glasgow Coma Scale score (p = 0.047), WFNS grade (p = 0.02), and dissecting aneurysm (p <0.001) between the rebleeding and non-rebleeding patients. There were no cases of unsuccessful tracheal intubation or rebleeding during general anesthesia induction.ConclusionUltra-early general anesthesia induction could be performed safely in patients with aSAH, regardless of the WFNS grade; moreover, it resulted in lower rebleeding rate than that reported in previous epidemiological reports.     

Incidence of delayed seizures,delayed cerebral ischemia and poor outcome with the use of levetiracetam versus phenytoin after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Current guidelines recommend against the use of phenytoin following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) but consider other anticonvulsants, such as levetiracetam, acceptable. Our objective was to evaluate the risk of poor functional outcomes, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and delayed seizures in aSAH patients treated with levetiracetam versus phenytoin. Medical records of patients with aSAH admitted between 2005–2012 receiving anticonvulsant prophylaxis with phenytoin or levetiracetam for >72 hours were reviewed. The primary outcome measure was poor functional outcome, defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score >3 at first recorded follow-up. Secondary outcomes measures included DCI and the incidence of delayed seizures. The association between the use of levetiracetam and phenytoin and the outcomes of interest was studied using logistic regression. Medical records of 564 aSAH patients were reviewed and 259 included in the analysis after application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. Phenytoin was used exclusively in 43 (17%), levetiracetam exclusively in 132 (51%) while 84 (32%) patients were switched from phenytoin to levetiracetam. Six (2%) patients had delayed seizures, 94 (36%) developed DCI and 63 (24%) had mRS score >3 at follow-up. On multivariate analysis, only modified Fisher grade and seizure before anticonvulsant administration were associated with DCI while age, Hunt-Hess grade and presence of intraparenchymal hematoma were associated with mRS score >3. Choice of anticonvulsant was not associated with any of the outcomes of interest. There was no difference in the rate of delayed seizures, DCI or poor functional outcome in patients receiving phenytoin versus levetiracetam after aSAH. The high rate of crossover from phenytoin suggests that levetiracetam may be better tolerated.     

SSRI/SNRI Use is Not Associated with Increased Risk of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After aSAH

Background

To determine the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)/selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) use on the risk of symptomatic vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in patients hospitalized with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods

Retrospective review of consecutive patients with aSAH at Mayo Clinic, Rochester from January 2001 to December 2013. The variables collected and analyzed included age, sex, SSRI/SNRI use, active smoking, transfusion, modified Fisher score, WFNS grade, and outcome at discharge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with DCI, symptomatic vasospasm, and poor outcome (modified Rankin score 3–6) within 1 year.

Results

579 [females 363 (62.7 %)] patients with a median age of 55 (IQR 47–65) years were admitted with aSAH during the study period. WFNS at nadir was IV–V in 240 (41.5 %), and modified Fisher score was 3–4 in 434 (75.0 %). 81 (13.9 %) patients had been prescribed an SSRI or SNRI prior to admission and all continued to receive these medications during hospitalization. Symptomatic vasospasm was present in 154 (26.4 %), radiological infarction in 172 (29.5 %), and DCI in 250 (42.9 %) patients. SSRI/SNRI use was not associated with the occurrence of DCI (p = 0.458), symptomatic vasospasm (p = 0.097), radiological infarction (p = 0.972), or poor functional outcome at 3 months (p = 0.376).

Conclusions

The use of SSRI/SNRI prior to and during hospitalization is not associated with DCI or functional outcome in patients with aSAH.

     

Impact of aneurysm morphology on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage severity,cerebral infarction and functional outcome

ObjectiveAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with high morbidity. The objective was to evaluate, whether specific morphological aneurysm characteristics could serve as predictive values for aSAH severity, disease-related complications and clinical outcome.MethodsA total of 453 aSAH patients (mean age: 54.9 ± 13.8 years, mean aneurysm size: 7.5 ± 3.6 mm) treated at a single center were retrospectively included. A morphometric analysis was performed based on angiographic image sets, determining aneurysm location, aneurysm size, neck width, aneurysm size ratios, aneurysm morphology and vessel size. The following outcome measures were defined: World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade 4 and 5, Fisher grade 4, vasospasm, cerebral infarction and unfavorable functional outcome.ResultsRegarding morphology parameters, aneurysm neck width was an independent predictor for Fisher 4 hemorrhage (OR: 1.1, 95%CI: 1.0–1.3, p = 0.048), while dome width (OR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.86–0.97, p = 0.005) and internal carotid artery location (OR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.1–4.2, p = 0.028) predicted vasospasm. None of the analyzed morphological characteristics prognosticated functional outcome. Patient age (OR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.93–0.96, p < 0.001), WFNS score (OR: 4.8, 95%CI: 2.9–8.0, p < 0.001), Fisher score (OR: 2.3, 95%CI: 1.4–3.7, p < 0.001) and cerebral infarction (OR: 4.5, 95%CI: 2.7–7.8, p < 0.001) were independently associated with unfavorable outcome.ConclusionsThe findings indicate a correlation between aneurysm morphology, Fisher grade and vasospasm. Further studies will be required to reveal an independent association of aneurysm morphology with cerebral infarction and functional outcome.     

The costs and prognostic characteristics of ischaemic neurological deficit due to subarachnoid haemorrhage in the United Kingdom

Background   Delayed ischaemic neurological deficit (DID) following subarachnoid haemorrhage from aneurysm rupture (aSAH) is a serious complication and a major cause of mortality and morbidity. No empirical estimates of resource use and costs of patients with delayed ischaemic deficit compared to those without have been reported to date. Methods   A detailed cost analysis of the UK National Health Service health care costs of DID was performed using resource use data from the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) over the 24 months following haemorrhage. Resource use categories included direct health care and employment-related costs. A prognostic model of baseline predictors of DID and overall total health care costs was also constructed. Results   Mean (standard deviation) total health care costs at 24 months follow-up were estimated to be ￡ 28175 (￡ 26773) in the DID group and ￡ 18805 (￡ 17287) in the no DID group, a significant difference (95 % confidence interval) of ￡ 9370 (￡ 6880 to ￡ 12516). This cost difference was driven by statistically significant differences on imaging and investigations, longer length of stay and higher cost of complications and adverse events experienced by patients with DID. Patients with DID also spent on average 62 days less in paid employment than patients without this complication. The prognostic model found CT Fisher grading, WFNS grade, aneurysm location and time from aSAH to intervention statistically significant baseline predictors of delayed ischaemic deficit. Conclusion   Patients who developed DID incurred substantially higher costs and a significantly slower resumption of employment than patients without at 24 months follow-up after aSAH. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (DOI) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Evaluation of a revised Glasgow Coma Score scale in predicting long-term outcome of poor grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients

Although many scales attempt to predict outcome following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), none have achieved universal acceptance, and most scales in common use are not statistically derived. We propose a statistically validated scale for poor grade aSAH patients that combines the Hunt and Hess grades and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores; we refer to this as the Poor Grade GCS (PGS).The GCS scores of 160 poor grade aSAH patients (Hunt and Hess Grades 4 and 5) were recorded throughout their hospital stay. Outcomes were assessed by the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Analysis of variance and the Chi-square test were used to guide an analysis of GCS breakpoints according to outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the ability of the Hunt and Hess, GCS, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Grading Scale, and the PGS to predict long-term outcome.Outcome analysis revealed significant breakpoints in admission GCS scores: PGS-A (GCS 10–12); PGS-B (GCS 8–9); PGS-C (GCS 5–7); PGS-D (GCS 3–4) (p < 0.001). In surgical patients, 95.2% of PGS-A, 58.1% of PGS-B, 35.4% of PGS-C, and 28.6% of PGS-D had a favorable one-year outcome. When controlling for age, sex, and operation status, PGS was the only scale predictive of long-term outcome. The odds ratios (OR) for unfavorable outcome according to PGS admission scores (with PGS-A as the reference) were: PGS-B, OR = 14.2 (95% CI 1.5–140.5); PGS-C, OR = 38.5 (95% CI 4.2–340.0); and PGS-D, OR = 63.4 (95% CI 5.6–707.1). In addition to PGS admission scores, an age of 70 or greater was a significant predictor of poor outcome with an OR of 7.5 (95% CI 1.8–30.7). No patients with a PGS-C or PGS-D over the age of 70 had a favorable long-term outcome.Therefore, elements of the Hunt and Hess and GCS can be combined into the PGS to predict long-term outcome in poor grade aSAH patients. However, patients with PGS-C and PGS-D over the age of 70 should be assessed carefully prior to definitive treatment.     

Does the method of treatment of acutely ruptured intracranial aneurysms influence the incidence and duration of cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcome?

OBJECTIVES: Cerebral vasospasm remains the leading cause of death and permanent disability after subarachnoid haemorrhage. This study determined whether the method of aneurysm treatment plays an important role in determining the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and its clinical consequences. METHODS: Admission data, cranial computed tomography (CT), treatment details, transcranial Doppler (TCD) results, and clinical outcomes of patients who had surgical or endovascular management of their ruptured aneurysm were recorded and subject to multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Between January 1995 and December 1999, 292 eligible patients (206 female, 86 male) had definitive aneurysm treatment at our unit. 212 patients were clipped, 80 coiled. There was no significant difference in patient age, pre-treatment neurological grade, Fisher grade, or timing of treatment in the two groups. 48.3% patients developed TCD detected cerebral vasospasm and 16.1% patients developed permanent ischaemic neurological deficit. At clinical follow up, 84.2% of patients were well (mGOS 1 and 2) with a cumulative death rate of 6.5% from all causes. The only significant predictor of TCD-detected cerebral vasospasm was patient age (inversely, p = 0.004). Increased patient age, vasospasm, poor pre-treatment WFNS, and higher CT Fisher grades correlated with a poor discharge GOS. However, only poor pre-treatment WFNS grade and patient age correlated with poor GOS at follow up (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The treatment method had no influence on the incidence or duration of TCD detected vasospasm and there was no significant difference in outcome at discharge or follow up between those patients who had surgery or endovascular management of their aneurysms.     

Relationship Between Hemoglobin Concentrations and Outcomes Across Subgroups of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Objective  Anemia predicts poor outcome following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We hypothesized that this association would be stronger among patients with more severe SAH, since these patients are likely to be more vulnerable to secondary brain injury in the form of reduced cerebral oxygen delivery. Methods  Daily nadir hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations over 2 weeks following SAH were retrieved in 245 consecutive patients, and compared between those with a favorable versus unfavorable outcome. The analysis was repeated with patients dichotomized as follows: WFNS score 4–5 vs. 1–3; modified Fisher score (MFS) 4 vs. 0–3; and vasospasm present vs. absent. Mixed effect models and multivariable analysis using the generalized estimating equation were employed to assess correlated data with repeated measures. Results  Patients with an unfavorable outcome consistently had lower Hb concentrations, especially between days 6–11 following SAH (P ranging from <0.001 to 0.009), as well as a greater fall in Hb over time (β = −0.07, P < 0.001). This was true regardless of WFNS score, MFS, or the presence or absence of vasospasm. However, the effect was somewhat more pronounced among patients with higher WFNS and modified Fisher scores. Conclusion  Lower Hb levels are associated with worse outcomes regardless of SAH severity or the development of vasospasm. This finding may imply that a lower Hb concentration is largely a marker for a greater degree of systemic illness, rather than necessarily causing direct harm. However, the association is somewhat stronger among patients with more severe SAH. Thus, if there is a benefit for maintaining higher Hb levels with transfusions or erythropoietin, it may be more pronounced among these patients. Supported in part by the Louise Nerancy endowment of The University of Virginia.     

Unilateral craniotomy for bilateral cerebral aneurysms

Multiple intracranial aneurysms located bilaterally in the anterior circulation are usually clipped sequentially by separate craniotomies or a bilateral craniotomy. However, in selected patients, bilateral aneurysms can be clipped on both sides in a single sitting through a unilateral approach and unilateral craniotomy without causing morbidity. We present our technique and results of bilateral aneurysms clipped through a unilateral craniotomy from the ruptured aneurysm side. Ten patients (between 2006 and 2008) aged 20 years to 67 years with bilateral supratentorial anterior circulation saccular aneurysms, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Scale (WFNS) score subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) grades 1 and 3, Fisher grades 2 and 3, were operated with unilateral orbito–pterional craniotomy and clipping of bilateral aneurysms. A total of 23 aneurysms, 12 located contralaterally, were successfully clipped with a good outcome in nine patients and no mortality at all. We therefore conclude that the unilateral orbito–pterional approach can be safely employed in selected patients harboring bilateral supratentorial saccular aneurysms and presenting with SAH, having WFNS grade 1 to 3, Fisher grade up to grade 3. The brain must be lax intra-operatively. Wide opening of the basal cisterns, 3rd ventriculostomy, and clipping of ruptured aneurysms are the important steps to be performed first before clipping the contralateral aneurysm thus avoiding a second craniotomy.     

Systemic Inflammation Response Index and Systemic Immune-inflammation Index for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

ObjectivesInflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the progress of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). As novel inflammatory markers, systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and systemic immune-inflammation (SII) index could reflect clinical outcomes of patients with various diseases. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether initial SIRI and SII index were associated with prognosis of aSAH patients.MethodsA total of 680 patients with aSAH were enrolled. Their prognosis was evaluated with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months, and unfavorable clinical outcome was defined as mRS score of 3-6. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to identify cutoff values of SIRI and SII index for predicting clinical outcomes. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to explore relationships of SIRI and SII index with prognosis of patients.ResultsOptimal cutoff values of SIRI and SII index to discriminate between favorable and unfavorable clinical outcomes were 3.2 × 10⁹/L and 960 × 10⁹/L, respectively (P < 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). In multivariate analysis, SIRI value ≥ 3.2 × 10⁹/L (odds ratio [OR]: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.46–3.24; P = 0.021) and SII index value ≥ 960 × 10⁹/L (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.24–2.74; P = 0.040) were independent predicting factors for poor prognosis after aSAH.ConclusionsSIRI and SII index values are associated with clinical outcomes of patients with aSAH. Elevated SIRI and SII index could be independent predicting factors for a poor prognosis after aSAH.     

颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者预后的多因素分析

目的探讨影响颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析本院2007年1月至12月收治的119例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的临床资料,井进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的年龄、Fisher分级和Hunt—Hess分级与预后具有显著相关性（P〈0．01）,其OR值分别是0．921、0．153和0．228,其95％可信区间分别是（0．864-0．981）、（0．063-0．374）和（0．116-0．449）。结论动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的年龄、Fisher分级和Hunt—Hess分级是影响患者预后的危险因素,且随着年龄的增长,Fisher分级和Hunt—Hess分级的增加,患者的预后明显愈差。     

Association of baseline frailty status with clinical outcome following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

ObjectivesAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is an emergent neurosurgical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. The prognostic significance of baseline frailty status in aSAH patients has not been previously evaluated in a large, nationally representative sample.Materials and MethodsClinical outcomes data from the National Inpatient Sample from 2010-2018 were compared among sub-cohorts stratifying admissions by increasing frailty thresholds [(assessed using the 11-point modified frailty index (mFI-11)]. The previously validated NIS-SAH Severity Score (NIS-SSS) and NIS-SAH Outcome Measure (NIS-SOM) were utilized. Complex samples multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess adjusted associations and discrimination of frailty for endpoints.ResultsAmong 64,102 aSAH hospitalizations (mean age 55.4 years), 20.4% of admissions were classified as robust (mFI=0), 43.4% as pre-frail (mFI = 1), 24.9% as frail (mFI = 2), and 11.2% as severely frail (mFI ≥ 3). Following multivariable analysis adjusting for age and aSAH severity, increasing frailty was independently associated with NIS-SOM (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.09-1.21; p < 0.001), extended length of hospital stay (eLOS) (OR = 1.08, 1.02-1.13; p = 0.008), neurological complications (OR = 1.08, 1.03-1.13; p < 0.001), and medical complications (OR = 1.14, 1.08-1.21; p < 0.001). Based on ROC curve analysis, frailty achieved an AUC of 0.59 (0.58-0.60) and 0.54 (0.53-0.55) for NIS-SOM and eLOS, respectively. Age and NIS-SSS demonstrated significantly greater discrimination for NIS-SOM [AUC 0.69 (0.68-0.70) and 0.79 (0.78-0.80), respectively), while NIS-SSS achieved significantly greater discrimination for eLOS [(AUC 0.74 (0.73-0.75)] in comparison to both age and frailty.ConclusionsThis national database evaluation of frailty in aSAH patients demonstrates an independent association between increasing frailty and poor functional outcome. Age and aSAH severity, however, may be more robust prognostic factors.     

颅内破裂微小动脉瘤介入治疗预后的危险因素分析

目的 探讨颅内破裂微小动脉瘤介入治疗预后的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2012年2月1日至2016年2月1日介入治疗的52例颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的临床资料。出院后6个月采用改良Rankin量表评分判定预后,0~2分预后良好,3~6分预后不良。采用多因素Logistic回归分析检验预后危险因素。结果 43例采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞,9例采用支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞;完全栓塞26例,近完全栓塞26例。术后发生明显并发症（脑血管痉挛、肺部感染、颅内感染）共16例。40例预后良好,12例预后不良。多因素Logistic回归分析显示术前Hunt-Hess分级高、术前Fisher评分高、术后发生并发症是颅内破裂微小动脉瘤介入治疗不良预后的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 介入治疗颅内破裂微小动脉瘤可取得良好效果;术前要根据病人Hess-Hess分级、Fisher分级评估病情,制定个性化治疗方案,预防和减轻并发症,从而提高介入治疗的效果。