Magnetic resonance imaging of the clavicular ossification

Assessment of the degree of ossification of the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilage is of vital importance in forensic age diagnostics of living individuals aged more than 18 years. To date, reference studies on the assessment of clavicular ossification using imaging procedures only relate to conventional radiography and computed tomography (CT). In this study, magnetic resonance (MR) scans of 54 sternoclavicular joints of bodies aged between 6 and 40 years were evaluated prospectively. All of the examined medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilages permitted an assessment of the degree of ossification. Stage 2 was first observed at the age of 15.0 years, the earliest age at which stage 3 was observed was 16.9 years, and stage 4 was first observed at the age of 23.8 years. The observed age intervals of the respective degrees of ossification correspond to the known data from X-ray and CT scan examinations. The achieved results should be examined with a larger number of cases. A modified examination protocol is required for the MR examination of the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilage for the purpose of forensic age diagnostics of living individuals.     

A new analytical cut-off point for determining 18 years of age using MRI on medial clavicular epiphysis

Evaluation of the ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis plays a key role in forensic age estimation. The purpose of the present study was to assess a new numerical cut-off at the age of 18 years, taking into consideration Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of the medial clavicular epiphysis. We analyzed 163 MR scans of Italian subjects aged between 14 and 25 years. Using the data obtained we calculated two ratios: REM-1 (ratio between the length of the whole epiphysis and the length of the metaphysis) and REM-2 (ratio between the length of epiphyseal-metaphyseal fusion and the length of the metaphysis). In 68 out of 163 cases it was not possible to measure REM-2. The reproducibility was demonstrated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.80). REM-1 and REM-2 were compared in each category of age (adult and minor) by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The cut-off points for measurements of REM-1 and REM-2 were determined by logistic regression. For REM-1, the cut-off scores were 0.83 for all individuals (accuracy = 94.77%) and males (accuracy = 96.05%), and 0.86 for females (accuracy = 92.30%). For REM-2, the cut-off values were 0.40 for all individuals and males (accuracy = 100.00%), and 0.41 for females (accuracy = 100.00%). Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for age classification based on REM-1 and REM-2 were constructed, showing that REM-2 had the highest discriminative power. Thus, a new cut-off model for predicting the age of majority has been introduced, conducting a quantitative analysis thanks to the use of a high-resolution imaging tool.     

Applicability of the Calce method for age estimation in an Indian population: A clinical CT-based study

Age estimation is one of the prerequisites of human identification. Age-progressive changes in the pelvis offer useful evidence for forensic age estimation across all age groups. The acetabulum presents as a durable and taphonomic degradation resistant age marker, and, can be employed for analysing age-progressive changes described by Calce. The present study aimed at determining the applicability of the Calce method for age estimation in an Indian population based on a computed tomographic examination of the acetabulum. Additionally, different morphological features defined by Calce were evaluated to identify the feature which contributes most towards the process of age estimation. CT images obtained from clinically undertaken examinations of individuals aged 17 years and above were scrutinized according to the features defined within the Calce method. No statistically significant bilateral or sex differences were observed. An overall accuracy of 76.66% was observed on applying the Calce method to an Indian population, with lower accuracy percentages for individuals aged 40 years and above. The associated overall inaccuracy and bias were found to be 9.45 and 8.88 years, respectively. Within the various features, acetabular groove was found to contribute most towards the overall accuracy, and apex growth the least. Considering this weighted proportion, population specific models should be derived to render greater applicability to the method for age estimation.     

3.0 T MRI THRIVE技术在颈部疾病中增强效果的评判

目的探讨3.0 T MRI T1高分辨率各向同性容积采集(T1 high resolution isotropic volume excitation,THRIVE)技术在颈部疾病检查中增强效果的评判。资料与方法使用Philips Achieva 3.0 T MR成像仪16通道头颈联合线圈对36例临床怀疑有颈部疾病的患者进行常规横断位、冠状位及矢状位SE T1WI抑脂序列增强扫描,随后进行THRIVE抑脂序列增强扫描并对其进行多平面重组(MPR),并对两种方法增强效果进行分析和评价。结果所有患者均成功完成SE T1WI抑脂和THRIVE抑脂增强序列扫描检查。SE T1WI和THRIVE序列两组增强图像的抑脂效果有统计学意义(Z=18.722,P<0.001)。对运动伪影的控制情况THRIVE序列比传统SE T1WI序列好(Z=4.758,P=0.029)。结论 THRIVE抑脂增强序列成像时间短,抑脂效果好,能较好地显示颈部结构及病变,从而更能满足临床诊断需求。     

3.0T磁共振在胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤诊断中的价值

目的 探讨3.0T磁共振在胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析6例经手术后病理证实的胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤患者的MRI表现,并与病理结果对照.结果 6例患者中病灶均显示管壁增厚,管腔不同程度狭窄,最大病灶大小约6.1 cm ×2.6 cm ×2.4 cm.MRI主要表现T1WI等信号3例,稍低信号3例;T2WI脂肪抑制表现为等信号2例,稍高信号4例;DWI序列中,6例病灶均为高信号.动态增强扫描,4例病灶动脉期明显强化,其中3例静脉期及延迟期强化减弱,另1例静脉期及延迟期持续强化;2例病灶始终呈轻中度强化.2例发生于胃部病灶及1例发生于直肠的病灶向壁外浸润.结论 胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤多表现为T1WI上等或稍低信号,T2WI上等或稍高信号,DWI扩散受限,动态增强扫描呈“快进快出”表现.MRI对其诊断和鉴别诊断有重要价值.     

单纯乳腺导管内癌的3．0T MR影像表现（附97例）分析

目的 分析乳腺导管内癌（DCIS）的3.0T MRI影像学特点,探讨磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）对DCIS的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析单纯DCIS 97例,依据乳腺影像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS-MRI）,记录DCIS的形态学、病变强化至120s时的峰值（％）、时间-信号曲线（TIC曲线）及DWI特征.结果 97例共检出100个DCIS病灶.其中点状/斑点状病灶3个（3％）,非肿块样强化病灶83个（83％）,肿块型病灶14个（14％）.非肿块样强化病灶中,以段状（48个）和局灶区域状（22个）分布最常见,43.4％呈集簇状强化.所有病灶平均120s强化峰值为172％±54％.TIC曲线以平台型（Ⅱ型）最多见.87个病灶DWI扩散受限,肿块型与非肿块型病变平均ADC值分别为（1.07±0.22）×10-3mm2/s及（1.23±0.15）×10-3 mm2/s.结论 DCIS的典型形态为段样分布的集簇状强化,TIC常表现为Ⅱ型.DWI可提高DCIS检出的敏感性.     

Utility of Postmortem Autopsy via Whole-Body Imaging: Initial Observations Comparing MDCT and 3.0T MRI Findings with Autopsy Findings

Objective

We prospectively compared whole-body multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and 3.0T magnetic resonance (MR) images with autopsy findings.

Materials and Methods

Five cadavers were subjected to whole-body, 16-channel MDCT and 3.0T MR imaging within two hours before an autopsy. A radiologist classified the MDCT and 3.0T MRI findings into major and minor findings, which were compared with autopsy findings.

Results

Most of the imaging findings, pertaining to head and neck, heart and vascular, chest, abdomen, spine, and musculoskeletal lesions, corresponded to autopsy findings. The causes of death that were determined on the bases of MDCT and 3.0T MRI findings were consistent with the autopsy findings in four of five cases. CT was useful in diagnosing fatal hemorrhage and pneumothorax, as well as determining the shapes and characteristics of the fractures and the direction of external force. MRI was effective in evaluating and tracing the route of a metallic object, soft tissue lesions, chronicity of hemorrhage, and bone bruises.

Conclusion

A postmortem MDCT combined with MRI is a potentially powerful tool, providing noninvasive and objective measurements for forensic investigations.     

Basilar artery atherosclerotic plaques distribution in symptomatic patients: A 3.0 T high-resolution MRI study

Purpose

To investigate basilar artery atherosclerotic plaque distribution characteristics in symptomatic patients using 3.0 T high-resolution MRI.

Materials and methods

Thirty-eight patients with recent ischemic strokes or transient ischemic attacks were included. Conventional angiographic luminal imaging of these patients showed at least 30% basilar artery stenosis. Patients then underwent basilar artery high-resolution MRI examinations (T2WI, T1WI and post-contrast enhanced T1WI in short axial and long axial views). The narrowest lumen plaque distribution was evaluated by cross-section division into four equal arcs (right, ventral, left and dorsal arcs) on the short axial T2-weighted images. The percent plaque fraction was calculated as arc plaque area/luminal area × 100, with each compared by analysis.

Results

The basilar artery lumens and walls were clearly shown in all 38 patients. The median plaque area sizes were 2.73 mm² (range: 1.04–5.29 mm²) on the ventral wall, 0.59 mm² (range: 0–1.50 mm²) on the left wall, 0.87 mm² (range: 0–2.68 mm²) on the dorsal wall, and 0.36 mm² (range: 0–1.80 mm²) on the right wall. The mean plaque fraction percentages were 21.6% (range: 7.9–34.0%) on the ventral wall, 4.6% (range: 0–10.0%) on the left wall, 6.3% (range: 0–16.3%) on the dorsal wall, and 2.6% (range: 0–12.9%) on the right wall. On the ventral wall, the plaque fraction percentage was significantly greater than the remaining three arcs (P = .000).

Conclusions

Basilar artery atherosclerotic plaques were mainly distributed at the ventral site of the artery. High-resolution MR examination may provide helpful information to minimize endovascular therapy risk complications in basilar artery atherosclerotic disease.     

3.0T常规MRI与MR髋关节造影诊断髋臼唇撕裂的对比研究

目的 在3.0 T场强中,比较常规髋关节MRI及MR髋关节造影对髋臼唇撕裂的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析44例髋关节病变患者的患侧髋关节常规MRI及MR髋关节造影资料,将每例患者的臼唇划分为前、上、后3处区域(共计132处),确定有无撕裂,并进行分型.其中5例患者经髋关节镜检查.对于常规MRI及MR髋关节造影获得的臼唇撕裂及分型数据差异比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验,一致性比较采用Kappa检验.结果 常规MRI与MR髋关节造影诊断完全相同者计116处臼唇,只有16处存在诊断差异.其中,前者诊断无撕裂而后者诊断撕裂者9处,前者诊断撕裂但后者诊断无撕裂者6处,其余1处两者均诊断为撕裂但分型不同.常规MRI与MR髋关节造影的评价差异没有统计学意义(Z=0.347,P＞0.05),且具有极好的一致性(K=0.781,P＜0.01).在接受关节镜的5例患者中,常规MRI、MR髋关节造影及关节镜结果均完全吻合.结论 对髋臼唇撕裂,3.0 T常规髋关节MRI可获得与MR髋关节造影基本相同的诊断效果.     

T2WI 3.0T盆腔风车采集技术在子宫腺肌症及子宫肌瘤中的应用价值

目的探讨3.0 T风车采集(MVXD)技术T2WI在子宫腺肌症及子宫肌瘤中的应用价值。方法前瞻性收集2018年3月至5月北京协和医院超声证实有子宫肌瘤或临床疑诊为子宫腺肌症的患者,均在围排卵期行盆腔3.0 T MRI检查,采集常规轴面快速自旋回波(TSE)T2WI、轴面MVXD T2WI、矢状面TSE T2WI、矢状面MVXD T2WI图像。2名医师分别对4个序列图像进行子宫轮廓清晰程度、运动伪影、对病变的识别能力、诊断确信程度及整体图像质量评分。采用Cohen Kappa法评价2名医师间评分的一致性,采用Wilcoxon配对符号秩和检验比较采用常规TSE及轴面MVXD序列采集T2WI图像质量的差异。结果20例患者纳入研究,均采集了常规轴面TSE T2WI及轴面MVXD T2WI;19例采集了常规矢状面TSE T2WI及矢状面MVXD T2WI。9例仅存在明显子宫腺肌症病灶,6例仅存在明显子宫肌瘤,5例同时合并子宫腺肌症及子宫肌瘤。和传统的常规TSE序列相比,2名医师采用MVXD序列采集的矢状面T2WI和轴面T2WI中,均对子宫轮廓清晰程度、运动伪影、整体图像质量方面的评分更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2名医师对图像评价的Kappa值为0.615~0.971,一致性均为好或非常好。结论将T2WI MVXD技术应用于子宫肌瘤或子宫腺肌症患者,相较于常规T2WI技术有利于改善图像质量,且不牺牲对病变的识别、诊断能力。     

3.0 T MRI评价高强度聚焦超声治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效

目的 探讨使用3.0 T MRI评价高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗子宫肌瘤的短期疗效价值.方法 对35例(共51个)子宫肌瘤患者HIFU治疗前后行MRI平扫和增强扫描,分别测量治疗前后子宫肌瘤及正常子宫壁T1WI、T2WI及T1WI增强的绝对信号强度(ASI),并计算治疗前后子宫肌瘤与正常子宫壁信号值的对比噪声比(CNR)、信号强度比(SIR).采用配对t检验.结果 子宫肌瘤在HIFU治疗前T1WI和T1WI增强的平均ASI、CNR、SIR及T2WI的平均ASI、SIR值与治疗后的差异有统计学意义[T1WI(ASI:t=-2.981,P=0.004;CNR:t=-2.147,P=0.037;SIR:t=-4.578,P=0.000),T1WI增强(ASI:t=13.868,P=0.000;CNR:t-9.084,P=0.000;SIR:t=19.676,P=0.000),T2WI(ASI:t=-2.569,P=0.013;SIR:t=-2.235,P=0.030)],而T2WI的平均CNR值在治疗前后的差异无统计学意义(t=0.860,P=0.394).正常子宫壁在HIFU治疗前T1WI、T2WI及T1WI增强的平均ASI值与治疗后的差异无统计学意义(T1WI:t1.361,P=0.180;T2WI:t=-0.518,P=0.607;T1WI增强:t=0.400,P=0.691).结论 MRI作为显示软组织最好的影像学技术,可作为评价HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤疗效的无创性检查方法.     

New MRI findings in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: high signal in the globus pallidus on T 1-weighted images

We report a 49-year-old woman with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). In addition to typical high-signal lesions on proton-density and T 2-weighted images there was high signal in the globus pallidus bilaterally on T 1-weighted images. The latter feature has not been described previously and probably due to deposition of prion protein, as found at autopsy. Received: 15 July 1998 Accepted: 28 September 1998     

MRI不同序列对子宫内膜癌定性和定量诊断的价值

目的比较DWI与T 2WI诊断子宫内膜癌敏感性以及测量病变大小准确性的差别,以更好地指导临床医师阅读MRI。方法34例子宫内膜癌患者术前均已行多模态3.0T MRI检查,以术后病理为金标准,比较这两种序列诊断EC的灵敏度,同时分别比较两种序列测量癌灶上下径、左右径与术后径线的差别。结果DWI诊断子宫内膜癌的敏感性(97%)高于T 2WI(80%),DWI所测得癌灶上下径、左右径与术后均有差别(P上下径=0.002,P左右径=0.002),T 2WI均无差别(P上下径=0.579,P左右径=0.261)。结论DWI可明显提高MRI诊断子宫内膜癌的敏感性,而T 2WI测量癌灶大小的准确性更高。     

MRI在膝关节软骨病变中的应用及研究进展

膝关节是人体最大最复杂的关节,关节软骨在维持关节正常活动中起到重要作用。关节软骨病变是影响膝关节稳定性的重要因素。磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）对诊断膝关节软骨病变具有良好的空间分辨率和组织对比度,是目前评价关节软骨病变最有效的无创技术,其在膝关节疾病诊断中的应用日益广泛并显示出独特的优势。     

Atypical MRI features of Wilson's disease: high signal in globus pallidus on T1-weighted images

Most reports of MRI in Wilson's disease have been of abnormal low-signal lesions on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. In contrast, we report three patients who had high-signal lesions in the globus pallidus on T1-weighted images, a finding seen in patients with portal-systemic encephalopathy. The possible causes include the paramagnetic effect of copper or iron and accumulation of Alzheimer type II glial cells. Received: 26 January 1996 Accepted: 1 April 1996     

MRI in chronic toluene abuse: low signal in the cerebral cortex on T2-weighted images

Abstract MRI may be helpful in showing brain toxicity associated with chronic toluene inhalation. We report clinical and MRI findings over 3 years in a man with gradual neurologic decline secondary to toluene abuse. Cerebral atrophy most prominently involved the corpus callosum and cerebellar vermis. On T2-weighted images, loss of gray-white matter contrast, diffuse supratentorial white matter high-signal lesions, and low signal in the basal ganglia and midbrain were seen. In addition, MRI showed abnormal labor cortical low signal on T2-weighted images, most prominent in the primary motor and visual cortex. This cortical T2 shortening, not previously described in this condition, may reflect iron deposition. Received: 14 October 1997 Accepted: 18 December 1997     

3.0T高分辨率MRI综合评估主动脉顺应性和肱动脉内皮功能的可行性研究

目的 探讨3.0T高分辨率MRI综合评估主动脉顺应性和外周肱动脉内皮功能的可行性.方法 选取32名健康志愿者,对每名志愿者在1～2h内重复行2次MR检查,检查项目包括胸主动脉脉搏波传导速度(PWV),升主动脉(AA)、近段胸降主动脉(DA)和远段降主动脉(DDA)的扩张度(AD),以及肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD).PWV扫描应用时间分辨率为4.7～7.8 ms的二维相位对比层间速率编码技术获得数据,利用时间分辨率为18.75 ～ 31.25 ms的MR电影技术评估AD和FMD.对前后2次扫描图像质量行整体评分并对前后一致性行Kappa检验,对于重复扫描所得的2次PWV、AD和FMD结果的可重复性行组内相关系数分析(ICC)分析;利用Bland-Altman plot分析图评价重复检查所得2次结果间的一致性.结果 32名志愿者64次检查均成功完成,每次检查均可在30 min左右完成.前后2次图像整体评分分别为(3.53±0.62)、(3.41±0.67)分,两次结果间一致性良好(Kappa值=0.776,P＜0.05).5个指标前后2次检查可重复性分析结果显示可重复性较高:PWV分别为(4.33 ±0.88)、(4.36±0.88) m/s,AA-AD分别为(8.60±3.11)×10-3、(8.59±3.10)× 10-3/mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),DA-AD分别为(6.95±2.44)×10-3、(6.95±2.42)×10-3/mm Hg,DDA-AD分别为(10.54±2.91) ×10-3、( 10.55±2.90)×10-3/mm Hg,FMD分别为(24.94±12.55)％、(24.92±12.38)％(ICC值分别为0.95、0.97、0.99、0.98和0.94,P值均＜0.01).2次检查主动脉PWV、AA-AD、DA-AD、DDA-AD、肱动脉FMD的95％一致性限分别为-0.55 ～0.50、-0.11 ～0.12、-0.08 ～0.08、-0.23 ～0.21、-1.46～1.51,最大差值占最小平均值的比例分别为38.53％、9.65％、3.86％、5.68％、42.37％,均＜50％,各数值之间一致性良好.结论 3.0T高分辨MRI可在一次检查中完成主动脉PWV、AD和外周肱动脉FMD的综合功能性评价,且有良好的可重复性,具备临床使用的可行性.     

3.0 T血氧水平依赖功能MRI技术对注入碘对比剂后肾脏损害评价的实验研究

目的 探讨3.0 T血氧水平依赖功能MRI(fMRI-BOLD)技术在碘对比剂大鼠肾脏损害评价中的应用价值.方法 29只SD大鼠分别于注入碘对比剂前、注入碘对比剂碘普胺后20 min、24 h、48 h、72 h不同时间点进行常规MR序列及BOLD序列扫描;注入碘对比剂前作为对照组.BOLD序列扫描图像在工作站处理后,测量大鼠肾脏皮质、外髓及内髓的T2*值,计算表观自旋-自旋弛豫率(R2*值)(R2*值=1/T2 *值).对照组大鼠双肾不同部位R2*值的比较采用方差分析,对照组和实验组不同时间、不同部位右肾和左肾R2*值的比较采用t检验.结果 对照组大鼠左、右肾脏外髓R2*值[分别为(31.76±2.73)/s和(32.77±3.07)/s]均高于相应皮质[分别为(30.20±3.48)/s和(28.84±3.11)/s]及内髓[分别为(29.54±2.42)/s和(28.37±2.80)/s],F值分别为3.357和14.961,P值均＜0.05.左肾和右肾内髓、外髓和皮质的R2*值差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).注入碘对比剂后不同时间点,以外髓R2*值变化明显.在注射对比剂20 min时,肾脏外髓R2*值最高[右肾和左肾分别为(44.58±3.13)/s和(43.57±3.84)/s],24 h后R2*值逐渐降低[右肾和左肾分别为(42.89±3.40)/s和(42.07±4.82)/s].内髓及皮质R2*值仅表现为轻微改变.结论 R2*值能反映出大鼠肾脏皮、髓质氧分压的变化,判断髓质缺血缺氧程度.BOLD成像技术能反映肾脏皮髓质氧代谢情况,评估肾脏损害程度,是一种简单、可行及重复性较好的方法.     

3.0T MRI评价早期COPD引起的右心改变的实验研究

目的:探讨3.0T MRI对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)继发心脏功能及形态学改变的评估作用.方法:使用15头健康中国小型猪,采用木瓜蛋白酶及胰蛋白酶建立早期COPD动物模型,自建模开始第0、5、10、15、20周行心脏MRI扫描,测量并分析心脏功能参数及各形态学指标在疾病发展过程中的变化规律;同期进行肺功能测量,采用Spearman相关分析法分析肺功能各指标与心脏形态学、功能参数的相关性.结果:在早期COPD的病程中,舒张末期右心室肌质量、右心室与左心室肌质量比均增大,造模组各周舒张末期右心室肌质量、右心室与左心室肌质量比与造模前均存在显著差异(P均=0.001);右室舒张末期容积随疾病进展而逐渐减少,但仅造模前与造模后第20周差异有统计学意义(P＝0.000);右室射血分数(RVEF)在造模第20周末与造模前差异有统计学意义(P＝0.001);舒张末期右心室肌质量与呼气气道阻力(Re)、吸气气道阻力(Ri)、功能残气量(FRC)、肺总量(TLC)均相关(r=0.422、0.381、0.360、0.262,P均＜0.05);舒张末期右心室与左心室肌质量比与Re、Ri、FRC、TLC均相关(r=0.401、0.350、0.357、0.283,P均＜0.05);右室舒张末容积与Ri、FRC、TLC均呈负相关(r＝-0.343、-0.343、-0.259,P均＜0.05).结论:MRI可评估早期COPD引起的心脏功能及形态改变,右室舒张末期容积及舒张末期右心室与左心室肌质量比是重要的评估指标.     

The applicability of Kvaal methods and pulp/tooth volume ratio for age estimation of the Turkish adult population on cone beam computed tomography images

The contraction of the pulp chamber with secondary dentin apposition is a significant morphological dental age predictor in adults. The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of Kvaal’s method and pulp/tooth volume ratio on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and develop a valid method for the Turkish adult population. In this study, 211 single-rooted teeth, extracted for orthodontic and periodontal reasons, of 134 patients with ages ranging from 16 to 71 years, were used. Each sample was scanned using CBCT. According to the reported technique (Kvaal’s method), teeth were analysed on CBCT images. Additionally, pulp/tooth volume ratio was calculated using ITK-SNAP 3.4.0 software. The relationship between age and morphological variables was calculated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression models were established for each tooth, age as dependent variable, and morphological variables as independent variables. The determination of coefficients of the Kvaal’s modified regression models were found in a range from 0.296 to 0.550. The pulp volume and the pulp/tooth volume ratio showed statistically significant differences between age groups (p < 0,001). Pulp volume and pulp/tooth volume ratio is a significant index for age. Linear measurement and ratios on CBCT images were insufficient estimates of the age of the Turkish population.