脑膜瘤全切除术后复发与其MRI影像学特征相关性分析

目的探讨高复发脑膜瘤的MRI影像学特征,以及MRI影像学特征与脑膜瘤病理分级及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达的关系,以指导临床治疗和预后评估。方法选取自1992年至2002年经我科诊治的有MRI资料的脑膜瘤病例(SimpsonⅠ级和Ⅱ级切除)77例,分为复发组与非复发组,比较两组患者的MRI影像学特征;并应用石蜡标本进行病理学检查及PCNA免疫组织化学检测,比较分析MRI特征与肿瘤复发及病理分级和PCNA标记指数(LI)的关系。结果①分叶状或蘑菇状、边界不清和位于大的静脉窦周围的脑膜瘤复发率较高,脑膜尾征与脑膜瘤的复发无关;②脑膜瘤的PCNALI值大者易复发;③内皮型脑膜瘤复发率高于其他类型脑膜瘤,病理分级级别越高越易复发。结论分叶状或蘑菇状、边界不清和位于大的静脉窦周围的脑膜瘤易复发,临床应采取综合措施,延缓或避免肿瘤复发。     

脑膜瘤术后复发的相关因素分析

目的 探讨脑膜瘤术后复发的相关因素.方法 回顾性研究405例颅内脑膜瘤,对其临床资料进行统计学分析,寻找复发的相关因素.结果 37例脑膜瘤术后复发,其特点表现为患者年轻、术前存在癫痫、肿瘤基底位于矢状窦旁及鞍结节、蝶骨嵴、颅眶沟通等颅底部位、体积大、不规则形、瘤周水肿明显或瘤内存在低密度、手术切除程度低或病理级别高.结论 脑膜瘤术后复发的相关因素包括年龄、术前癫痫、肿瘤部位、最大径、形状、瘤周水肿、病理类型以及手术切除程度等.     

Early postoperative emergency department presentation predicts poor long-term outcomes in patients surgically treated for meningioma

Previous authors have identified a number of factors that predict morbidity, mortality, and recurrence in patients undergoing resection of a meningioma. We sought to study a novel potential prognostic indicator: early postoperative visit to the emergency department (ED). We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 239 patients who underwent a meningioma resection at our institution between 2001 and 2013 with over 3 months of follow-up postoperatively. All postoperative entries in the medical record were reviewed to identify any ED visit with a neurologic or wound-related complaint within a 90 day postoperative period. The relationships between ED presentation, tumor grade, and extent of surgical resection with future risk of operative recurrence and mortality were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Variables associated with increased risks of mortality or operative recurrence in a univariate analysis were then included in the multivariate logistic regression model. Patients with a postoperative ED visit were found to be significantly more likely to die during the follow-up period (23.0% versus 4.85%, p < 0.0001) or develop an eventual operative recurrence (12.2% versus 3.0%, p = 0.0131). Postoperative ED presentation was found to be associated with a higher risk of mortality and operative recurrence independent of pathological tumor grade (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0102, respectively). Presentation to the ED is associated with significantly higher rates of future operative recurrence and mortality in patients with recent meningioma resections. This poor prognostic relationship is independent of tumor pathological grade. Increased vigilance and follow-up may be warranted in such patients.     

基质金属蛋白酶-9在脑膜瘤复发和残瘤生长中表达的意义

目的 探讨基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达在颅内脑膜瘤患者经手术治疗后复发和残瘤生长中的意义.方法 选择因复发或残瘤生长而进行手术的脑膜瘤患者44例(71个脑膜瘤标本)做为实验组,同期非复发性脑膜瘤患者30例00个脑膜瘤标本)做为对照组,应用Envision免疫组化法检测脑膜瘤MMP-9的表达.分析不同手术次数、切除程度和病理分级间肿瘤MMP-9表达及患者无进展生存期(RFS)的差异. 结果实验组患者脑膜瘤MMP-9表达高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且实验组中手术次数越多,患者MMP-9表达有增高趋势;与WHO Ⅰ级脑膜瘤患者比较.WHO Ⅱ级患者MMP-9表达增高,RFS降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 MMP-9的高表达可能参与脑膜瘤的复发和残瘤生长过程.     

脑膜瘤全切除术后复发的组织病理学因素分析

目的 通过对患者的年龄、性别、脑膜瘤组织学分型及分级等因素的分析,了解它们与肿瘤复发间的关系.方法 56例脑膜瘤标本分为复发组(n=30)、初发组(n=26),对全部病理标本进行组织学分级,统计学分析组织学分级与肿瘤复发之间的关系.结果 复发组上皮型17例(56.67%),纤维型7例(23.33%),两型比较,P＜0.05.复发组组织病理学分级Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级者比率显著高于初发组(P＜0.01).患者的年龄、性别2组对比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 脑膜瘤复发在组织病理学分型上以上皮型居多,脑膜瘤组织学分级越高复发率越高.     

老年脑膜瘤术后发生并发症的危险因素分析

目的 探讨老年（年龄≥65岁）脑膜瘤术后发生并发症的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年12月手术治疗的227例老年脑膜瘤的临床资料。术后并发症是指导致住院时间延长、术后神经功能缺失或需行各项临床操作甚至二次手术的异常情况,分为神经系统并发症（如颅内出血、癫痫、脑脊液漏、颅内感染、新发神经功能障碍、精神症状等）和全身并发症（如切口愈合不良、肺部感染、心功能异常、肝肾功能损害、消化道出血、深静脉血栓等）。结果 227例中,术后56例（24.67%）有并发症,其中神经系统并发症39例,全身并发症21例。多因素logistic回归分析显示,术前KPS评分<80分、肿瘤最大直径≥6 cm、肿瘤未全切除是术后发生神经系统并发症的独立危险因素（P<0.05）;美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、术前血清白蛋白<35 g/L、术中异体输血是术后发生全身并发症的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 老年脑膜瘤术后并发症发生率较高。肿瘤大小及切除程度与术后神经系统并发症有关,而术前身体状况（例如ASA分级、KPS评分、血清白蛋白）、术中输血与术后全身并发症相关。     

Effect of tranexamic acid on intraoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing excision of intracranial meningioma

Surgical excision of meningioma is often complicated by significant blood loss requiring blood transfusion with its attendant risks. Although tranexamic acid is used to reduce perioperative blood loss, its blood conservation effect is uncertain in neurosurgery. Sixty adults undergoing elective craniotomy for meningioma excision were randomized to receive either tranexamic acid or placebo, initiated prior to skin incision. Patients in the tranexamic acid group received intravenous bolus of 20 mg/kg over 20 min followed by an infusion of 1 mg/kg/h till the conclusion of surgery. Intraoperative blood loss, transfusion requirements and estimation of surgical hemostasis using a 5-grade scale were noted. Postoperatively, the extent of tumor excision on CT scan and complications were observed. Demographics, tumor characteristics, amount of fluid infusion, and duration of surgery and anesthesia were comparable between the two groups. The amount of blood loss was significantly less in tranexamic acid group compared to placebo (830 ml vs 1124 ml; p = 0.03). The transfusion requirement was less in tranexamic acid group (p > 0.05). The patients in tranexamic acid group fared better on a 5-grade surgical hemostasis scale with more patients showing good hemostasis (p = 0.007). There were no significant differences between the groups with regards to extent of tumor removal, perioperative complications, hospital stay or neurologic outcome. To conclude, administration of tranexamic acid significantly reduced blood loss in patients undergoing excision of meningioma. Fewer patients in the tranexamic acid group received blood transfusions. Surgical field hemostasis was better achieved in patients who received tranexamic acid.     

右美托咪定对脑膜瘤患者术后血浆中脑源性神经生长因子水平的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定对脑膜瘤患者术后血浆中脑源性神经生长因子(Brain-derived neurotro-phic factor,BDNF)水平的影响.方法 选择2017年7月-2019年6月120例脑膜瘤患者展开研究,将患者随机分为对照(生理盐水)组和右美(右美托咪定)组,每组各60例;记录2组患者拔管时间,比较2...     

Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of venous infarction after meningioma surgery in 705 patients

Central to safe and effective surgical resection of meningiomas is consideration of the venous anatomy both near and intrinsic to the tumor. The exact incidence of venous infarction following meningioma surgery has not been established. To determine this incidence, we present a large multivariate analysis of 705 patients undergoing craniotomy for resection of a histologically proven meningioma at our institution between 1991 and 2007. Clinical information was retrospectively reconstructed using patient medical records and radiologic data. Venous infarctions were identified by postoperative CT scans or MRI that demonstrated the typical imaging findings. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association with approach used and the rate of venous infarction, controlling for multiple independent variables. The overall rate of venous infarction (n = 705) was 2.0% of all patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9-3.0%). Interestingly, on multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found the use of a bifrontal craniotomy was the sole independent predictor of venous infarction in this regression model (odds ratio, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.03-9.77; p < 0.05). We found that the rate of venous infarction was significantly reduced in the extended bifrontal group compared to the group not receiving biorbital osteotomies (0% versus 8.9%, ??²p < 0.05). We demonstrated that the most important factor determining the risk of venous infarction is the approach used to access the tumor.     

脑膜瘤复发因素的术前评估及对策

目的 探讨脑膜瘤复发的相关因素，做到术前预测，为选择合适术式提供依据。方法 对125例脑膜瘤患的术前CT／MRI等影像学资料进行回顾性研究，将可能影响脑膜瘤复发的相关因素进行统计学分析，发现其中规律。结果 脑膜瘤的密度、形状与复发密切相关。结论 密度不均匀且较低、界限不清伴瘤周水肿的脑膜瘤及扁平形脑膜瘤明显易复发；肿瘤附着点处硬膜的广泛切除是防止脑膜瘤复发的关键。     

Psychiatric hospitalization: reasons for admission and alternatives to admission in South Auckland, New Zealand

OBJECTIVE: To describe reasons for admission and alternatives to admission in a government funded acute inpatient unit. METHOD: Reasons for admission and alternatives to admission were rated for a consecutive sample of 255 admissions to an acute psychiatric unit in Auckland, using interviews with staff and case note review. RESULT: Most patients had a functional psychosis and were admitted involuntarily. Forty percent came from areas of marked social deprivation. The major reasons for admission were for reinstatement of medication (mainly linked to non-concordance with prescribed medication), intensive observation, risk to self and risk to others. Only 12% of admissions could have been diverted, of whom most would have required daily home treatment. For those still admitted at 5 weeks, 26% could have been discharged, mainly to 24 h nurse-staffed accommodation. If the alternatives had all been available, simulated bed-day savings were 11 bed years per year. Simulated bed day savings were greater through implementing early discharge than by diverting new admissions. CONCLUSION: Greater availability of assertive community treatment and of interventions to improve medication concordance may have prevented a small number of admissions. For patients admitted longer than 5 weeks, it appeared that greater availability of 24 h nurse-staffed accommodation would have allowed considerable bed-day savings.     

IL-3、IL-6和IL-8在人脑膜瘤中的表达和作用

目的：探讨白细胞介素（IL）－3、IL－6和IL－8在脑膜瘤细胞中的表达和作用，以及体外针对这种生长调节环路抑制脑膜瘤细胞增殖的可行性。方法：原代培养起21例脑膜瘤细胞。采用ABC免疫细胞化学法明确IL－3、IL－6和IL－8在脑膜瘤细胞中的表达，并选用四唑盐（MTT）比色法观察上述细胞因子及IL－3单抗对脑膜瘤细胞增殖的调控作用。结果：脑膜瘤细胞可分泌IL－3、IL－6和IL－8。IL－3和IL－8皆以剂量依赖关系刺激培养脑膜瘤细胞增殖，而IL－8仅在10ng/ml时对脑膜瘤细胞增殖的刺激效应有统计学差异。IL－3单抗以剂量依赖关系分别抑制正常脑膜瘤细胞及50％V／V脑膜瘤培养是取液刺激的脑膜瘤细胞增殖。结论：IL－3、IL－6和IL－8为脑膜瘤自泌细胞因子；IL－3和IL－6刺激体外培养脑膜瘤细胞增殖；IL－3单抗抑制体外培养脑膜瘤细胞增殖，为脑膜瘤的生物治疗提供新 的理论基础。     

多排三维螺旋CT血管造影在脑膜瘤手术前评估中的应用

目的评估多排三维CT血管造影(3D-CTA)对脑膜瘤手术治疗的指导价值。方法对48例CT、MRI临床证实为脑膜瘤患者术前行3D-CTA检查,其中病变位于矢状窦镰旁17例、蝶骨嵴12例、嗅沟7例、小脑幕6例、鞍结节4例、桥小脑角2例。CTA图像采用遮盖容积重建(SVR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和彩色表面阴影显示法(SSD)3种处理技术。对三维图像进行旋转、切割及相关测量,模拟最佳手术入路,对其影像学特点与手术中所见进行对比研究。结果3D-CTA能清楚显示脑膜瘤的形态及其与邻近大血管、颅骨的三维关系和静脉窦的开放程度,为术中正确处理静脉窦提供可靠的信息。可以模拟手术入路时观察到的血管,为手术前选择手术入路提供了重要信息,提高手术的安全性。结论3D-CTA提供了脑膜瘤与邻近血管和颅骨的三维空间图像,可清晰显示脑膜瘤与周围大血管关系,可以从多角度模拟手术路径,选择最佳手术入路,在脑膜瘤术前评估中有其独特的价值。     

良性脑膜瘤术后复发及预后相关因素分析

目的探讨性别、年龄、手术切除程度、肿瘤周围水肿、有无“脑膜尾征”、肿瘤形状、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、有无钙化、肿瘤界限等因素与良性脑膜瘤术后复发及预后的关系。方法对72例经术后病理证实为良性脑膜瘤患者进行回顾性分析。结果手术切除程度、肿瘤周围水肿、有无“脑膜尾征”、肿瘤形状、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、有无钙化、肿瘤界限等因素与良性脑膜瘤术后复发及预后显著相关。结论尽可能彻底的手术方式有助于减少术后良性肿瘤的复发，手术切除程度、肿瘤周围水肿、有无“脑膜尾征”、肿瘤形状、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、有无钙化、肿瘤界限等因素可做为良性脑膜瘤的术后复发的预测指标．并成为制定术后综合治疗方案的依据．     

Awake far lateral craniotomy for resection of foramen magnum meningioma in a patient with tenuous motor and somatosensory evoked potentials

We report a patient with an infratentorial lesion resected under a far-lateral approach during awake craniotomy to optimize intraoperative monitoring. A 72-year-old man presented with falls, difficulty walking, and lower extremity weakness. MRI revealed a 2.2 by 2.3 by 2.8 cm mass at the right cervicomedullary junction, with mass effect on the adjacent spinal cord. During two attempts during surgical positioning under general anesthesia, motor evoked potentials were lost. Each time the operation was aborted. During the third operation, the patient underwent monitored, light anaesthesia and was awakened periodically to confirm conscious motor function. The operation proceeded without complication, and postoperatively there was no further decrease in motor function. This is, to our knowledge, the first use of an awake operation for an infratentorial meningioma via the far-lateral approach, demonstrating the technique may be used safely and can be useful in optimizing motor function monitoring.     

Use of the EpiNet database for observational study of status epilepticus in Auckland,New Zealand

The EpiNet project has been established to facilitate investigator-initiated clinical research in epilepsy, to undertake epidemiological studies, and to simultaneously improve the care of patients who have records created within the EpiNet database. The EpiNet database has recently been adapted to collect detailed information regarding status epilepticus. An incidence study is now underway in Auckland, New Zealand in which the incidence of status epilepticus in the greater Auckland area (population: 1.5 million) will be calculated. The form that has been developed for this study can be used in the future to collect information for randomized controlled trials in status epilepticus.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Status Epilepticus".