铸钢、铸铁工人尘肺患病率的差异

通过职业性体检，发现机械行业铸钢和铸铁工人的尘肺患病率存在明显差异，前者显著高于后者。作业场所空气中粉尘浓度的监测资料表明，尽管两厂劳动条件和粉尘浓度相似，但铸钢厂粉尘分散度和游离ＳｉＯ２含量明显高于铸铁分厂，其原因是铸铁生产的造型原料中除石英砂外，还含有少量白泥和煤粉所致。     

不同职业人群健康状况调查分析

目的　探讨某地职业人群健康状况 ,为在不同职业人群中开展卫生保健提供科学依据。方法　采用健康体检及资料分析方式研究。结果　该地区职业人群疾病检出位于前三位的分别是代谢性疾病 (15 .96 % ) ,心血管疾病 (13.96 % ) ,肝胆疾病 (12 .38% )。其中静坐式职业人群上述疾病的发病情况明显高于厂矿、企业职工。结论　应重视不同职业人群疾病防治措施的研究和落实。     

Tuberculin reactivity among California Hispanic migrant farm workers

We conducted a cross-sectional study of tuberculin reactivity among residents of two northern California migrant-farm-worker housing centers. Participants completed a brief health questionnaire and were offered tuberculin skin testing with radiologic and medical follow-up. Four hundred and sixty-nine persons (estimated participation rate: 70%) completed questionnaires. All but one were Hispanic. Two hundred and ninety-six (63%) participants completed tuberculin skin testing and 49 (16.6%) showed reactivity (≥10 mm induration at 48–72 hours). Increased prevalence was seen for the 15–39-year age group (vs. persons younger than 15: OR 2.59; 95% CI 0.79–8.47), former smokers (vs. never smokers: OR 3.11; 95 %CI 1.20–8.09), and persons born outside the U.S. (OR 2.09; 95% CI 0.66–6.61). Prophylaxis with isoniazid was recommended for 23 persons; nine (39%) completed therapy. No cases of active tuberculosis were found. Prevalence of tuberculin reactivity in this population is lower than reported among Hispanic farm workers in the eastern and midwestern U.S. Higher prevalence may obtain among California farm workers not included in the study population, including homeless, single, and highly mobile persons. Public-health efforts in this population should focus on ever-smokers, young adults, and persons born outside the U.S. Am. J. Ind. Med. 32:600–605, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

低氧环境下军事作业人员的心理健康特征的探讨

为了解低氧环境下军事作业人员的心理健康状况，应用ＳＣＬ—９０精神卫生自评量表，对８０名高原军事作业人员进行心理健康状况的测试研究。结果显示：高原军事作业人员的心理健康水平低于中国成人常模。分析原因主要是，１高原低氧环境因素的影响。由于环境条件所限，难以充分满足心理需求，容易产生心理困扰。２部队严格的纪律和紧张的军事训练，使心理负荷加重。     

Mortality of workers hired during world war II

There has been some suggestion that men first hired during World War II do not show the typical healthy worker effect and may have been more unhealthy than their counterparts who entered military service. We have studied 41,000 workers at six plants to determine whether men hired during World War II had higher mortality than men hired just before or after WWII. No evidence was found of any “unhealthy WWII worker” effect. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

深圳市福田区2006～2007年从业人员高血压检查分析

[目的]分析深圳市福田区饮食、公共场所从业人员高血压患病状况.[方法]整群抽样法对所有办理健康证人员进行血压测量及活动量调查. [结果]17岁以上70261名从业人员中,高血压患病率为1.25%.20～29岁以上26138名从业人员中,高血压患病率0.20%,30～39岁以上17196名从业人员中,高血压患病率为1.48%,随年龄增长丽上升,40岁以上从业人员中,高血压患者占61.5%,患病率为46%;高血压病分级以Ⅰ、Ⅱ级为主,占84.6%. [结论]高血压病防治对象以加岁以上人群为主,应合理膳食,科学健身以及定期开展高血压筛查.     

脑力和体力者血糖血脂的对比研究

[目的]探讨在相似饮食条件下,同一地域内的体力劳动者和脑力劳动者的血糖、血脂等代谢指标的差异。为防治糖、脂代谢异常及代谢综合征提供生活方式干预治疗的依据。[方法]分别对四川成都某电力公司外特勤人员(体力劳动)279例和四川成都某通讯公司中层管理人员(脑力劳动)107例测定其体重、身高、FBG,TC、TG、LDL_c、HDL_c、BMI进行组间比较。[结果]两组间性别构成,年龄,身高,体重,体重指数等差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);两组间TG均数高于正常,FBG、TC、LDL_c、HDL_c均数在正常范围内差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。在相似饮食条件下,同一地域内的体力劳动者和脑力劳动者,在体重、身高无差异的情况下,体力劳动者的FBG、TC、TG、LDL_C低于脑力劳动者;HDL_C高于脑力劳动者,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。[结论]适度体力劳动有利于防治糖、脂代谢异常及代谢综合征(MS)。     

羊水过少发生率升高相关因素分析

目的:探讨羊水过少发生率升高的影响因素。方法:采用回顾性分析方法,对2003年8月～2006年8月在我院分娩产妇羊水过少的相关资料进行分析。结果:①3年来我院分娩产妇羊水过少发生率为7.5%(160/2135),明显高于国内报道的0.4%～4.0%和国外报道为0.5%～5.5%,亦明显高于我科曾统计的1995年8月～2000年8月在我院住院分娩产妇的羊水过少发生率5.1%(186/3656);②羊水过少高发于40孕周后,孕周≥40周羊水过少发生率明显高于<40周(P<0.05);③孕妇年龄越大,羊水过少发生率越高,孕妇年龄>33岁与<30岁比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05);④脑力劳动者比体力劳动者羊水过少发生率高(P<0.05)。结论:妇女适龄生育、加强产前检查、孕期身心放松及注意休息、多喝水、避免延期妊娠及过期妊娠等可能会减少羊水过少的发生率。     

职业心理紧张与体力和脑力劳动者脑力能力关系分析

目的探讨不同劳动类型的劳动者脑力能力和职业心理紧张间的关系.方法现况调查,以随机整群抽样的方法对某地区485名劳动者进行职业紧张问卷(Occupational Stress Questionnaire,OSQ)调查和脑力能力(包括客观测量和主观自评)的测定.结果劳动者心理紧张强度和脑力能力主、客观指标在不同文化程度组和劳动类型组差异均有显著性(P＜0.05);高紧张强度组脑力能力主、客观指标得分均低于其他两组(P＜0.05);心理紧张强度与劳动者脑力能力主、客观指标均呈显著负相关关系(P＜0.01).结论文化程度、劳动类型和心理紧张强度与劳动者脑力能力有密切关系,高度的紧张会导致脑力能力的下降.     

Should professionals caring for children be vaccinated? Community perspectives on health care and child care worker immunisation

ObjectiveSeveral immunisations including influenza and pertussis are specifically recommended for healthcare workers (HCW) and childcare workers (CCW). This study aimed to assess community attitudes to HCW and CCW immunisation recommendations for pertussis and seasonal influenza.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted by Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) from April to May 2011. Statistical analyses used data weighted to the South Australian population by probability of selection, age, gender and geographical location using benchmarks derived from the 2009 Census population figures.ResultsAlmost all respondents supported vaccination of HCWs and CCWs against pertussis and influenza. For pertussis, 95.3% agreed nurses, 94.9% agreed doctors and 94.7% agreed CCWs have an obligation to be vaccinated. For influenza, 91.4% agreed nurses, 90.7% agreed doctors and 89.9% agreed CCWs have an obligation to be vaccinated. We identified higher support for protection against pertussis compared to influenza for all three groups of workers (p < 0.001). There were higher concerns if CCWs compared to HCWs were not vaccinated against pertussis (OR = 2.78) and influenza (OR = 1.99). Young (18–30 years) and older age (60+ years) and lower educational attainment were predictors of support for HCWs and CCWs to be vaccinated against influenza. For pertussis, lower educational attainment was a predictor of support for HCWs immunisation.ConclusionsCommunity support for CCW and HCW immunisation is strong with CCW immunisation was considered a priority. Pertussis immunisation was considered a higher priority than influenza immunisation for HCWs and CCWs. CCW immunisation should be considered for inclusion in public health immunisation programmes.     

2012年青岛市部分建筑工地农民工结核病防治知识知晓情况调查

[目的]了解建筑工地农民工对结核病防治知识和防治政策的知晓情况,为制定针对建筑工地农民工健康促进策略提供科学依据。[方法]2012年3月,对青岛市455名建筑工地农民工进行问卷调查。[结果]合计调查423人,结核病防治知识知晓率为38．06％。结核病防治知识知晓率,男性为37．24％,女性为27．41％（P〈0．01）;18～29岁为29．13％,30~39岁为44．81％,40~49岁为36．10％,50~64岁为34．57％（．P〈O．01）;小学及以下文化为15．70％,初中为38．19％,高中为47．56％（P〈0．01）。423人中,4．26％主动了解过有关肺结核病的知识,13．00％曾主动向别人讲解过所了解的肺结核病知识;44．44％的人表示对待得了肺结核的邻居或同事会更加关心,4．73％表示不来往;获知肺结核信息的最主要途径是听别人说的,占60．99％。[结论]建筑工地农民工结核病防治知识及行为现状不容乐观,应加强农民工结核病健康促进和健康教育工作。     

振动作业工人振动觉阈值测定意义的研究

本文用AU-02A型振动觉测定仪测定了172名接振工人和308名对照者的振动觉阈值。结果表明,接振组各指的振动觉阈值高于对照组,且两组间有极显著性差异;振动觉阈值的变化与指别、性别无关;振动觉阈值的改变出现较早,且随工龄、年龄的增长而明显增高;接振组白指者的振动觉阈值明显地高于非白指者。认为用该法测定振动觉阈值可作为局部振动病的早期诊断和诊断指标之一。     

Musculoskeletal disorders in relation to age and occupation in Swedish construction workers

BACKGROUND: Physical exposure load varies between trades in the construction industry. Our hypothesis is that the prevalence of MSD in a trade, reflects the level of physical exposure; the aim of the study was to describe MSD in relation to age and occupation within the industry. METHODS: The study is based on data from self-administered questionnaires filled out by 85,191 males in the Swedish construction industry. RESULTS: Construction workers had higher age-adjusted prevalence of MSD than foremen and office workers. In general prevalence rates increased steadily with age. Scaffolders showed the highest prevalence of MSD in all body locations. Elevated prevalence of neck disorders was found in crane operators, insulators, and painters, and of lower back and lower extremity disorders in roofers and floorers. CONCLUSION: MSD increase with age. The variation between trades of MSD prevalence seems to correspond to the variation with respect to physical exposure.     

Health characteristics by longest held occupation and industry of employment: United States, 1980

Although the potential for early detection of disease has been of central importance in the evolution of worker notification policy and practice, it is not the only positive outcome of medical intervention. The provider-patient encounter also creates an important opportunity for patient-centered risk communication that may result in workplace modifications as well as lifestyle changes to reduce the likelihood of subsequent illness and injury—both work and nonwork related. At the same time, it may signal the beginning of a series of social, legal, and political actions that may have positive or negative consequences for notified workers. This article identifies several important roles for members of the medical community relating to worker and community notification programs and explores the readiness of health care professionals in assuming these roles. It is suggested that health care providers lack both the training and sociopolitical sensitivity needed for meaningful participation in the notification process. This article addresses possible short-term and long-term approaches to enhancing the readiness of health care providers and suggests that effective intervention with notified workers requires a willingness to step beyond the confines of the medical model. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

某厂沥青作业工人肝血流图分析

为研究煤焦沥青烟气对人体肝脏供血功能影响。本文选择８６名某厂沥青作业工人为接触组,同时选择２６８名无毒物接触史的健康人为对照组。对肝血流图指标：收缩波幅（ｈｓ）、舒张波幅（ｈｄ）、Ｚ波（ｄｚ／ｄｔ）波幅、Ｏ波（ｄｚ／ｄｔ）波幅、快速充盈时间（ΔＴ）及充盈指数（ｇ）、扩张指数（Ｙ）进行各组间比较分析。结果接触组肝动脉瞬时灌注量、门静脉瞬时灌注是及弹性均与对照组存在显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。高剂量接     

2004年济南铁路部门部分40岁以上脑力劳动者慢性病患病情况调查

[目的]了解长期从事脑力劳动者的健康状况及疾病患病特点,以便为制定相应防治措施提供依据。[方法]2004年8~10月,在济南铁路部门抽取1 509名40岁以上中高级知识分子和科级以上的行管干部进行调查。[结果]调查1 509人,90.46%患有1~6种慢性病,男性、女性与合计患病率均随年龄的增加而増高。检出的16种慢性病中,冠心病(30.35%)、高脂血症(24.19%)、前列腺肿大(21.40%)、高血压(18.22%)、骨关节病(15.13%)、慢性支气管炎(9.48%)居前6位。标化患病率,冠心病、高脂血症、糖尿病、骨关节病、慢性肾脏病女性高于男性(P<0.01),慢性支气管炎、恶性肿瘤、脑供血不足男性高于女性(P<0.01或<0.05)。[结论]中老年脑力劳动者所患慢性病主要是冠心病,前列腺增生是中老年男性的常见病。     

铸工尘肺16例病理分析

本文报告16例尸检铸造工人的职业史、部分X线胸片所见、肺脏病理形态学改变和部分病例肺内粉尘的X线荧光光谱与X线衍射分析结果。铸铁工人发生的尘肺性病变属尘斑气肿型，铸钢工人则呈强合性尘肺的病理改变。     

外来务工住院患者统计调查

目的了解外来务工者住院基本情况，为卫生部门合理配置卫生资源提供信息。方法统计调查了杭州、宁波地区2所二级甲等中医医院2006年外来务工出院患者的年龄、病种构成。结果外来务工者住院以20～40岁年轻的患者为主，病种以创伤性疾病和女性生育及相关的疾病居多，以骨伤科、妇产科和外科的住院比例最高。结论由于外来务工住院者的大量增加，卫生资源需求量也随之增加，建议合理调配卫生资源，缓解住院难现象。     

医务人员在控烟中的作用

吸烟是人类健康所面临的最大且又可以预防的行为危险因素,世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》充分强调医务人员对于烟草控制的特殊贡献与其重要性。医务工作者可通过带头禁烟、提供戒烟服务以及组织宣传,推进控烟立法等全面参与控烟工作。