The older man's heart and heart disease.

CAD is the most common cause of death in older men and was present in 44% of 664 men, mean age 80 years. Independent risk factors for new coronary events in older men include increasing age, prior CAD, cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, high serum total cholesterol, and low serum HDL cholesterol. In older men with hypertension, echocardiographic LVH is a powerful independent predictor of new coronary events, atherothrombotic brain infarction, and CHF. In 554 older men with a mean age of 80 years, two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography demonstrated that the prevalence of aortic stenosis was 14%, 1 + aortic regurgitation or greater was 31%, rheumatic mitral stenosis was 0.4, 1 mitral regurgitation or greater was 32%, mitral annular calcium was 35%, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was 3%, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy was 1%, left atrial enlargement was 29%, LVH was 41%, and abnormal LVEF was 29%. The prevalence and incidence of CHF increase with age in older persons. The prevalence of a normal LVEF associated with CHF as a result of prior myocardial infarction or hypertension was 22% in men aged 60 to 69 years, 33% in men aged 70 to 79 years, 41% in men aged 80 to 89 years, and 47% in men aged 90 years or older.     

心脏术后低心排的监护

随着心脏外科技术的不断发展和完善，心脏手术越来越普及，但是部分患者由于病情较重、心脏功能较差、手术时间较长、手术及体外循环损伤等原因，术后仍然有部分患者发生低心排，严重影响术后康复，甚至危及生命。因此加强术后监护，及时发现和处理可能出现的异常情况，可减少并发症，降低死亡率。现将我院心脏术后发生低心排25例的监护体会报道如下。     

Accessing heart dynamics to estimate durations of heart sounds

Segmentation of the phonocardiogram into its major sound components is the first step in the automated diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities. Almost all of the existing phonocardiogram segmentation algorithms utilize absolute amplitude or frequency characteristics of heart sounds, which vary from one cardiac cycle to the other and across different patients. The objective of this work is to provide an efficient phonocardiogram segmentation technique, under difficult recording situations, by utilizing the underlying complexity of the dynamical system (heart) giving rise to the heart sound. Complexity-based segmentation is invariant to amplitude and frequency variations of the heart sound and yields better time gates for heart sounds.     

Options for interventional heart catheterization in congenital heart disease

Parallel to the rapid advances in the surgical options in treating congenital heart defects pioneering innovations in interventional cardiology could establish alternative treatment to surgery for these patients. On the one hand there is a trend to interventionally cure simple heart defects, but on the other hand interventional procedures can often only support surgical treatment. This review gives a limited overview over the recent possibilities and problems of the interventional cardiology and therefore focuses on balloon dilatation of congenital valve or vessel stenoses, on device closure of intracardiac defects and on the implantation of stents for the enlargement of elastic or long stenoses.     

心率变异性与冠心病相关性研究

目的探讨心率变异性(HRV)的临床意义。方法选择以"胸痛待查"患者,行动态心电图(AECG)及冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查。按CAG结果分为CAD(冠心病)组与非CAD组。对比分析AECG所获得的心率变异性指标。结果 CAD组HRV各指标均不同程度低于非CAD组,其中两组间SDNN、rMSSD、pNN50差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论冠心病患者心率变异性降低;冠心病患者心脏自主神经功能紊乱,以迷走神经紊乱为主。