食道心房调搏对窄QRS波室上性心动过速机制研究

目的：了解食道心房调搏（TEAP）对窄QRS波室上性心动过速机制的鉴别。方法：采用无创性TEAP技术,对145例有心动过速史但无器质性心脏病的患者进行检查,诱发窄QRS汉心动过速。结果：检出的窄QES波折返阵性发性室上性心动过速中,房室折返性心;动过速及房室结内折返性心动过速占约大多数,房性折返性心动过速极少。结论：TEAP是鉴别窄QRS波PSVT机制的一种安全,有效的方法。     

窄QRS波心动过速的分类

窄QRS波心动过速是指QRS波时限≤100ms的心动过速，除房室旁路引起的房室折返性心动过速的折返环涉及心室外，其他均起源于希氏束或希氏束以上，临床称为室上性心动过速。     

房室旁道合并房室结双径路形成的窄QRS波群心动过速

阵发性室上性心动过速中最常见的类型为房室旁道参与折返形成的顺向性房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）和房室结双径路折返引起的慢快型房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）,两者均为窄QRS波群,心动过速频率又比较接近,有时较难鉴别。尤其隐匿性房室旁道合并存在房室结双径路者,因窦性心律时无心室预激表现,     

阵发性室上性心动过速的药物治疗

阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)是临床上常见的一种快速性心律失常。广义的室上性心动过速包括窦性心动过速、房性心动过速、房室交界区性心动过速、房室折返性心动过速、心房扑动和心房颤动等;狭义上讲,阵发性室上性心动过速是指具有突然发作、突然终止特点的快速整齐的窄QRS波群的心动过速,发生机制上特指房室旁路或房室结双径路引起的折返性心动过速。此类疾病的治疗目的主要是针对心动过速的终止,药物终止仍然是最常用的治疗手段,多非预防性用药。由于近年来射频消融技术的成熟,成功率高,并发症少,具有根治性的特点,几乎已成为反复发作…     

窄QRS波心动过速的远程心电诊断

目的探讨窄QRS波心动过速的形成机制,以及体表心电图对形成机制的诊断价值。方法 2016年1月1日至2017年12月31日上海交通大学远程心电诊断中心所有数字化心电图数据入选统计。结果①窄QRS波心动过速,共计心电图记录1184人次,采自于941例病例,最终713例入选统计。②按有无窦性或其他室上性异位心律心电图对照,将病例分为"有对照组"(316例)和"无对照组"(397例)。有对照组,58.5%被判断有P波,无对照组,44.8%被判断疑似有P波,有对照组更易判断有无P波(P<0.001)。③有对照组和无对照组,在有P波者中,RP间期相似文献   

体表心电图对阵发性窄QRS波心动过速鉴别诊断及定位的价值探讨

目的探讨体表心电图对阵发性窄QRS波心动过速鉴别诊断及定位的价值。方法选取2017年5月-2019年5月我院内科住院收治的阵发性窄QRS波心动过速患者76例,住院期间已明确电生理机制,将患者依据电生理机制分为房性心动过速、房室结折返性心动过速和房室折返性心动过速三组。比较三组患者体表心电图鉴别的灵敏度、特异度及准确度。结果诊断房性心动过速的关联指标是R-P^1/P^1-R≥1,特异度为87%,敏感度为50%。诊断房室折返性心动过速的关联指标是平行联合试验,特异度33%,敏感度77%;ST-T改变特异度为67%,敏感度为76%;R-P^1/P^1-R<1,特异度为78%,敏感度为68%。诊断房室结折返性心动过速的关联指标是平行联合试验,特异度为33%,敏感度为77%;R-P^1/P^1-R<1,特异度为60%,敏感度为63%;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联假s波,特异度为100%,敏感度为59%;V1导联假r^1波,特异度为100%,敏感度为56%。结论在房室结折返性心动过速和房室折返性心动过速两种类型的心动过速鉴别中,平行联合试验能够明显提升检测的敏感度(即阳性检出率),体表心电图对阵发性窄QRS波心动过速的鉴别及定位有着重要意义。     

窄QRS波群心动过速的分类

窄QRS波群心动过速（NQRST）是指QRS波时限小于或等于100ms的心动过速。除房室旁路引起的房室折返性心动过速的折返环涉及心室外,其他均源于希氏束或希氏束以上。临床上称为室上性心动过速。心脏电生理技术的普及和导管射频消融术的广泛开展,对一些复杂的体表心电图的分析和诊断起到了相当于病理解剖学的验证。但体表心电图仍是分析心律失常最重要、最不可缺少的基本手段。现将几种类型的NQRST的诊断综述如下。     

食管心房调搏检查对窄QRS波群心动过速的诊断意义

目的 探讨食管电生理检查对窄QRS波群心动过速诊断的临床意义。方法 比较98例窄QRS波群心动过速食管和心内电生理检查的结果。结果 98例窄QRS波群心动过速97例分型诊断一致：房室折返性心动过速52例，房室结内折返性心动过速32例，心房内折返性心动过速和心房扑动各5例，房性自律性心动过速、窦房折返性心动过速和室性心动过速各1例。6例房性心动过速与54例房室折返性心动过速起源两种检查结果完全一致。结论 食管心房调搏对窄QRS波群心动过速的分型诊断和初步定位诊断具有很高的准确性，故可作为必要检查，有助筛选射频导管消融病例。     

碎裂QRS波对心肌缺血及心肌梗死的诊断价值

目的分析心电图碎裂QRS波对急性心肌缺血及陈旧性心肌梗死的诊断价值。方法选择10例心电图出现碎裂QRS波患者,应用心肌核素断层显像技术识别心肌缺血及心肌瘢痕。结果10例患者行心肌核素灌注显像,静息与负荷结果显示,7例心电图碎裂QRS波与无灌注的心肌瘢痕有关;1例碎裂QRS波显示急性心肌大范围灌注不良,提示心肌缺血;1例碎裂QRS波为跨越冠状动脉供血支配导联分布,1例碎裂QRS波无心肌灌注缺损。结论心电图碎裂QRS波对急性心肌缺血和/或陈旧性心肌梗死的诊断有重要作用。     

病史在宽QRS波心动过速鉴别中的意义

病史是鉴别宽QRS波心动过速的基石。只要病情允许,宽QRS波心动过速的诊断与鉴别诊断应从仔细询问病史开始。一.有助于鉴别宽QRS波心动过速的病史1.猝死生还猝死生还者的宽QRS波心动过速绝大多数是室速/室颤。2.血流动力学不稳定血流动力学不稳定的宽QRS波心动过速是室速的可能性大,但并非绝对如此[1]。3.心动过速发作与终止方式(1)突发突止:折返机制室速的发作可以呈突发突止的特点,但其与室上性心动过速发作,如窦房折返、房内折返性心动过速、房室结或房室折返性心动过速,不易鉴别。但部分室上速可能通过Valsalva动作等刺激迷走神经的方法终止,有助于鉴别[2]。(2)药物终止心动过速:腺苷/ATP能终止室上速(敏感性90%,特异性和阳性预测值分别为93%和     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.