Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence of Hippocampal Sclerosis in Progression: A Case Report

Summary: A 32-month-old child presented in status epilepticus (SE) involving the left side of the body. Fast spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging (FSE-MRI) with hippocampal volumetry performed ≤24 h after the seizure showed increased T₂ signal of the right hippocampus, but no atrophy. Complex partial seizures (CPS) appeared at age 33 months, and three more episodes of SE occurred between 33 and 37 months of age. Follow-up FSE-MRI at 34 and at 45 months of age demonstrated progressive hippocampal atrophy with resolution of the increased T₂ signal. Her CPS became intractable and, at age 51 months, she underwent right temporal lobectomy. In the ensuing 5 months, she has had only one major motor seizure. This case demonstrates that acute increased hippocampal T₂ signal intensity can occur soon after SE and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) may become evident within months in the setting of recurrent early childhood SE. This observation may support the hypothesis that early childhood SE can lead to HS. Furthermore, this case suggests that years of temporal lobe CPS may not be necessary for development of HS.     

垂体腺瘤侵袭海绵窦的术前MRI判断

目的探讨垂体腺瘤侵袭海绵窦的MRI诊断标准。方法回顾性分析经手术治疗的206例垂体腺瘤病人的临床资料。计算分析MRI诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值(PPV)及阴性预测值(NPV)。结果本组206例垂体腺瘤中,垂体腺瘤侵袭海绵窦96例,肿瘤全切26例,部分切除70例；未侵袭海绵窦110例,肿瘤全切94例,部分切除16例。结论海绵窦未受侵袭的MRI标准：①垂体瘤与海绵窦问存在正常垂体(PPV,100%)；②海绵窦内侧静脉丛完整(PPV,100%)；③海绵窦内颈内动脉被肿瘤包绕低于25%(NPV,100%)；④肿瘤未侵越颈内动脉的内侧壁(NPV,100%)。海绵窦被侵袭的MRI标准：①颈内动脉被肿瘤包绕高于45%；②3个或3个以上海绵窦静脉丛消失；③海绵窦外侧静脉丛消失。     

脑静脉和静脉窦血栓形成的磁共振影像诊断

随着脑动脉闭塞性疾病在诊断及治疗方面的发展,脑静脉系统闭塞性疾病的危害日益为临床工作所重视。例如脑静脉窦闭塞死亡率较高(20%～78%)[1],而早期诊断早期治疗可以大     

Magnetic Resonance Cisternography in the Diagnosis of Delayed Iatrogenic Cerebrospinal Fistula: A Case Report

A 52–year–old woman presented with a clinical picture consistent with bacterial meningitis 3 years after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Diagnosis of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula was made clinically, and the site of the fistula was confirmed using magnetic resonance cisternography. The utilization of this technique in the diagnosis of CSF disorders is gaining popularity. Its usefulness in the context of other imaging modalities is discussed.     

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cauda Equina Syndrome in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Report

A case of ankylosing spondylitis associated with massive dural ectasia is presented. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics are shown, and possible causes are discussed.     

MRI表现酷似颅内感染的多灶性脑梗死1例报告

目的:报道1例头颅MRI表现酷似颅内感染的多灶性脑梗死。方法:患者行头颅MRI检查,脑脊液等检测,脑标本行多部位病理检查。结果:MRI:两侧额叶及胼胝体膝部、体部多发片状异常信号,T1WI稍低信号,T2WI稍高信号,FLAIR高信号,DWI稍高信号,增强后病灶环形强化。病理诊断:脑动脉重度粥样硬化伴大脑顶叶、基底节、胼胝体及脑桥多发梗死伴出血灶形成。结论:多灶性脑梗死头颅MRI增强亦可出现酷似颅内感染的多灶性环型增强。     

Dural Sinus Thrombosis with Nonsymptomatic Persistent Falcine Sinus: A Case Report

A 24-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital after convulsive status epilepticus. A cerebral magnetic resonance venography revealed a persistent fetal falcine sinus. Additionally, the posterior third of the superior sagittal sinus was hypoplastic and the abnormal deep venous drainage was accompanied. These abnormalities had already been detected by magnetic resonance imaging several years ago. In the present scan, we discovered a sinus thrombosis in the hypoplastic superior sagittal sinus. In the cerebral angiography, we observed delayed venous return in the left parieto-occipital lobe and hypothesized that cerebral venous stasis due to the thrombus caused the convulsive status epilepticus. The patient was treated with intravenous administration of heparin along with an antiepileptic drug, and she recovered with no neurological defects. In the present case, the falcine sinus and the anomalous venous return were likely congenital while the status epilepticus was derived from thrombosis in the hypoplastic superior sagittal sinus. Although the falcine sinus functioned as an alternative pathway for the superior sagittal sinus, the hypoplastic superior sagittal sinus itself may also play an important role as a venous drainage channel.     

Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has shown high sensitivity in the diagnosis of acute arterial strokes. The pathophysiology of cerebral venous thrombosis with associated venous stroke appears to differ from that of arterial strokes. The purpose of this study was to describe DWI findings in venous strokes. METHODS: The authors reviewed 3 adults with superior sagittal sinus thrombosis who underwent DWI and magnetic resonance imaging within 24 hours of symptom onset. DWI was obtained at 1.5 T using the multishot echo planar technique (TR = 8000, TE = 97, field of view = 30 x 19 cm, slice thickness = 6.0 mm, interslice gap = 0.5 mm, matrix 128 x 128, NEX = 1). The diffusion gradients were applied in 3 orthogonal directions with 3 increasing b values (0-1000 s/mm2) to create average (trace) DWI images. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated on a pixel-by-pixel basis and displayed as ADC maps. RESULTS: DWI showed hyperintensities in patients 1 and 2 and hypointensity in patient 3 in corresponding to parenchymal lesions on conventional images. As compared to the homologous uninvolved location in the contralateral hemisphere, ADC values were decreased (0.53 x 10(-3) mm2/s [patient 1] and 0.68 x 10(-3) mm2/s [patient 2]) and increased (1.1 x 10(-3) mm2/s [patient 3]). The ADC ratio of the lesion in the involved to uninvolved side was 88% (patient 1), 81% (patient 2), and 120% (patient 3). CONCLUSION: Acute cerebral venous strokes may contain cytotoxic edema and/or vasogenic edema on DWI scans. DWI may be helpful in diagnosing cerebral venous thrombosis in cases with cryptic presentations.     

Post-infectious Opsoclonus and Reversible Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes: A Case Report and Review of the Literatures

Purpose: Opsoclonus is a rare neurological disorder in adult. The etiology of opsoclonus includes parainfectious, paraneoplastic, toxic, and metabolic disorders. We reported an old female with post-infectious opsoclonus who had a benign clinical course and reversible brain MRI lesions, and its review of the literature. Case Report: A 67-year-old woman presented with opsoclonus and truncal ataxia for two weeks. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the hyperintensity lesions in bilateral medial thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of pons on Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging. Investigations of neoplasm and autoimmune disorders showed negative findings. Clinical symptoms subsided in two-week duration and MRI abnormalities also disappeared one month later. Conclusion: A benign clinical course and reversible MRI lesions could be found in the patients with postinfectious opsoclonus such as our case. However, detailed investigations and long-term follow-up are needed to exclude paraneoplastic or other systemic and immunological disorders.     

经颅多普勒超声诊断直窦血栓一例

<正>经颅多普勒超声(transcranial Doppler,TCD)是一种无创性超声检查技术,广泛应用于动脉疾病的血流动力学评估。由于颅内静脉解剖的特殊性及静脉血流的低流速,TCD对于颅内静脉疾病的诊断难度较大。文献报道当TCD检测到双侧大脑中深静脉、基底静脉及直窦血流速度均增快时,可诊断为上矢状窦血栓。但是,在其他部位静脉窦血栓时,关于TCD的血流动力学特征尚无报道。     

原发性血小板增多症致颅内静脉窦血栓形成一例

正1病例资料患者,女性,24岁,主因"左眼视物模糊1个月"于2015年12月就诊本院神经内科。患者1个月前于劳累、情绪紧张后出现左眼视物模糊,伴左眼眶周痛,偶有恶心,视物模糊逐渐加重,无头痛、呕吐、一过性黑蒙、耳鸣、视物成双、四肢麻木无力等,外院诊断"视神经炎",并给予激素冲击治疗,上述症状一度曾有好转,但激素减量过程中左眼视物模糊再次加重。既往史:体健,否认外伤史和手术史,否认