Esophago-intestinal anastomosis in gastrectomy

The method for application of the esophago-intestinal anastomosis after total gastrectomy for cancer of the stomach has been developed. Over 400 patients were operated on by this method. Substantial decrease of postoperative complications' rate was observed, particularly--faibure of sutures of the anastomoses have been developed only in 0.9% of patients. Reflux-esophagitis in long-term postoperative period was detected only in 2.2% of patients due to the usage of afferent loop of the bowel for the creation of valvular mechanism. Regarding the simplicity of the procedure, high reliability and favourable functional abilities of this anastomosis, the authors recommend it for wide application in surgical practice.     

A comparison of cholecysto- and choledochoenterostomy for obstructing pancreatic cancer

This report compares the efficacy of cholecystoenterostomy and choledochoenterostomy for relief of biliary obstruction due to pancreatic cancer. From 1976 to 1988, 109 biliary enteric bypass procedures were performed on patients with pancreatic carcinoma considered unresectable at exploration. Sixty-four of these patients underwent cholecystoenteric anastomosis (CCEA) and 45 choledochoenteric anastomosis (CDEA). Thirty-day operative mortality was 6.3 per cent for CCEA and 8.8 per cent for CDEA; the mean length of survival after operation was 7.8 months for CCEA and 8.9 months for CDEA. Of the 64 patients who underwent CCEA, all but two experienced short-term (greater than 60 days) relief of jaundice and pruritus. These patients were found to have an obstructed cystic duct and a cholecystectomy and choledochojejunostomy were performed. Five other patients in the CCEA group had recurrence of jaundice for an overall failure rate of 10.9 per cent. Operative morbidity in this group was 14 per cent. One of the patients in the CDEA group had an early recurrence of jaundice and three others experienced late recurrence, for an overall failure rate of 8.8 per cent. Operative morbidity in this group was 16 per cent. We conclude that these procedures have comparable morbidity and mortality. Although a few patients with cholecystoenteric anastomosis will develop recurrent jaundice, the simplicity of the procedure, the shorter operative time, and the equivalent relief of symptoms make it a useful procedure and one we believe preferable in high-risk patients.     

Long-Term Functional Outcome of Colonic J-pouch Reconstruction After Low Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer

Purpose To evaluate the long-term functional outcome of colonic J-pouch reconstruction after low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer in a prospective study. Methods We compared the functional outcome of 46 patients who underwent J-pouch reconstruction (J-group) and 49 patients who underwent straight anastomosis (S-group) after LAR for rectal cancer. We evaluated clinical function using a 17-item questionnaire about different aspects of bowel function. Physiologic reservoir function was evaluated by manovolumetry. Results Among the patients with an ultralow anastomosis (≤4 cm from the anal verge), those in the J-group had fewer bowel movements during the day and at night, and less urgency, soiling, protective pad use, incontinence, and dissatisfaction with bowel function than those in the S-group. Among the patients with a low anastomosis (5–8 cm from the verge), those in the J-group had fewer bowel movements at night, and less urgency and soiling than those in the S-group. Moreover, reservoir function (reflected by the maximum tolerable volume, threshold volume, and compliance) was better in the J-group than in the S-group in both the ultralow and low anastomosis groups. Conclusion J-pouch reconstruction after low anterior resection creates a better stool reservoir than straight anastomosis, especially when the anastomosis is less than 4 cm from the anal verge, resulting in a better quality of life 3 years after rectal cancer resection.     

胃癌二次手术10例分析

目的 探讨胃癌行二次手术的原因及防治措施.方法 回顾性分析安徽省安庆市立医院肿瘤外科2010年1月-2015年2月单一手术组完成的667例胃癌患者的临床资料,其中有10例患者因术后严重并发症行二次手术,归纳总结这10例患者的临床特点和治疗经过.10例二次手术患者中,因术后腹腔内出血行止血术3例,因术后肠梗阻行单纯肠粘连松解术3例、行空肠侧侧吻合及空肠造瘘术1例,因术后黄疸再次手术2例,其中1例梗阻性黄疸,行粘连松解+穿孔修补+腹腔引流术;而另1例行剖腹探查术,术中未见胆管及肠管扩张,考虑淤胆.因引流管与肠系膜粘连,行腹腔引流管拔出术1例.结果 1例淤胆病例因肝功能衰竭而死亡;1例胃十二指肠动脉出血病例,行二次手术止血,术后再次出血,经介入予以成功止血.其余8例患者全部治愈,无再次并发症发生.结论 胃癌术后二次手术的常见原因主要是肠梗阻和出血;由于腹腔引流技术的进步,绝大多数术后消化道瘘无需再次手术处理.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的处理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）中胆管损伤的处理。方法回顾分析我院1992年3月-2006年10月8876例LC中16例胆管损伤的临床资料，其中胆总管横行剪断4例，电灼伤3例，胆总管部分撕裂伤4例，钛夹误夹5例。胆管裂口修补，T管支撑引流6例；游离两断端，行端端吻合，T管支撑引流3例；胆管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合5例；去肽夹2例。结果1例胆总管横行剪断后行胆管端端吻合，置T管支撑引流3个月，T管拔除3～5个月后因胆管狭窄，再次行胆管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合，术后未出现因胆管狭窄所引起阻塞性黄疸。2例因胆管空肠吻合口狭窄，分别于术后9、11个月再次行胆管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合，再手术后随访2～4年，未出现胆管炎症状、结石再形成。1例胆管完全性夹闭后行胆管空肠Roux—en-Y吻合术后胆道感染，反复发作。余12例均一次性临床治愈，其中10例随访3～4年，未出现任何不适。结论胆管损伤是LC的主要并发症，早期预防和积极处理胆管损伤是防止多次胆道手术的重要举措。     

Improved survival using oxygen free radical scavengers in the presence of ischemic bowel anastomosis

A rat model was developed to determine the efficacy of oxygen free radical scavenger compounds in improving small bowel anastomotic healing in ischemia. 50 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy and were divided into groups: I. sham operation; II. ischemia produced by ligation of mesenteric vessels along 3-5 cm of bowel; III. bowel transection and anastomosis; IV. ligation of vessels with bowel transection and anastomosis; V. ligation of vessels, bowel transection and IV administration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (5000 U/kg) prior to anastomosis. All surviving animals were sacrificed after 2 weeks. Anastomotic tensile strength and histology were evaluated. Percent survival and the average length of survival for all groups is seen in the table below. (table: see text) A significant decrease in survival was present with the anastomotic group and the ischemic anastomotic group when compared with controls. An improved survival similar to ischemia alone was present in SOD group. No significant difference was noted between SOD and control groups. The results of this study indicate an improved survival rate and length of survival similar to controls in animals undergoing ischemic and penetrating injury to the bowel with the use of oxygen free radical scavenger compounds prior to anastomosis.     

Laparoscopic versus open total mesorectal excision with anal sphincter preservation for low rectal cancer

Background The Laparoscopic approach has been applied to colorectal surgery for many years; however, there are only a few reports on laparoscopic low and ultralow anterior resection with construction of coloanal anastomosis. This study compares open versus laparoscopic low and ultralow anterior resections, assesses the feasibility and efficacy of the laparoscopic approach of total mesorectal excision (TME) with anal sphincter preservation (ASP), and analyzes the short-term results of patients with low rectal cancer.Methods We analyzed our experience via a prospective, randomized control trail. From June 2001 to September 2002, 171 patients with low rectal cancer underwent TME with ASP, 82 by the laparoscopic procedure and 89 by the open technique. The lowest margin of tumors was below peritoneal reflection and 1.5–8 cm above the dentate line (1.5–4.9 cm in 104 cases and 5–8 cm in 67 cases). The grouping was randomized.Results Results of operation, postoperative recovery, and short-term oncological follow-up were compared between 82 laparoscopic procedures and 89 controls who underwent open surgery during the same period. In the laparoscopic group, 30 patients in whom low anterior resection was performed had the anastomosis below peritoneal reflection and more than 2 cm above the dentate line, 27 patients in whom ultralow anterior resection was performed had anastomotic height within 2 cm of the dentate line, and 25 patients in whom coloanal anastomosis was performed had the anastomosis at or below the dentate line. In the open group, the numbers were 35, 27, and 27, respectively. There was no statistical difference in operation time, administration of parenteral analgesics, start of food intake, and mortality rate between the two groups. However, blood loss was less, bowel function recovered earlier, and hospitalization time was shorter in the laparoscopic group.Conclusion Totally laparoscopic TME with ASP is feasible, and it is a minimally invasive technique with the benefits of much less blood loss during operation, earlier return of bowel function, and shorter hospitalization.     

Laparoscopy in the management of pancreatic cancer: endoscopic cholecystojejunostomy for advanced disease.

Following a period of animal experimentation in pigs, a laparoscopic technique for sutured gastrointestinal and bilioenteric anastomoses was developed and its safety and efficacy tested in chronic experiments. The method involves the construction of a preformed external jamming loop knot and continuous suturing using a specially developed Endoski needle. The technique was used to construct a cholecystojejunostomy in five patients with advanced cancer of the pancreas (four hand-sutured and one stapled/sutured). Four of the patients recovered from the procedure with no complications, minimal postoperative discomfort and complete relief of their jaundice. In one patient relief of jaundice was slow due to blockage of the anastomosis by debris and blood clot; this resolved following removal of the inspissated material. This minimally invasive procedure has the potential for complete palliation with short hospital stay and avoids the hazards of endoscopic stenting such as encrustation and cholangitis.     

Modified Double-Stapling Technique in Low Anterior Resection for Lower Rectal Carcinoma

Purpose The original double-stapling technique (DST) using a standard linear stapler horizontally can be difficult in patients with a narrow pelvis or an ultralow anastomosis. We review our experience of performing a modified DST (IO-DST) with vertical division of the rectum achieved using an endostapler. Methods We retrospectively studied the clinical outcomes of 90 patients who underwent low anterior resection (LAR) for lower rectal carcinoma. Low anterior resection was performed with IO-DST in 34 patients (IO-DST group), with the single-stapling technique (SST) in 47 (SST group), and with per anal anastomosis (PAA) in 9 (PAA group). Results The distances from the anal verge to the tumor and to the anastomosis were significantly shorter in the IO-DST group than in the SST group (5.8 cm, 4.0 cm vs 7.0 cm, 5.0 cm, respectively), whereas it was equivalent in the IO-DST and PAA groups (5.0 cm, 4.0 cm). Blood loss was less in the IO-DST group than in the SST and PAA groups (400 ml vs 578 ml and 950 ml, respectively). The operative time was shorter in the IO-DST group than in the PAA group (281 min vs 327 min, respectively). There were no significant differences in the length of the distal surgical margin among the three groups. The IO-DST group patients suffered less bowel frequency than the SST group patients 1 month after surgery (2.5 times/day vs 4.0 times/day, respectively) and less than the PAA group patients more than 1 year after surgery (2.0 times/day vs 3.5 times/day, respectively). There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications or local recurrence among the three groups. Conclusions IO-DST is a feasible and safe procedure for performing low anastomosis, which results in less bowel frequency after LAR for lower rectal carcinoma.     

放射性肠炎并发急性肠梗阻的临床特点及治疗

目的:探讨放射性肠炎并发急性肠梗阻的临床特点和治疗方法.方法:对2006年10月-2011年3月收治的25例放射性肠炎并发急性肠梗阻病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:患者入院后均实施肠梗阻导管肠道减压及积极营养支持等非手术治疗,急症病情得到缓解后,经导管行选择性泛影葡胺小肠造影,显示梗阻部位的病理变化.全组24例接受了手术治疗,术中显示放射性损伤以盆腔和回肠为著,器官之间和肠袢之间界限不清,甚至相互融合形似冰冻状;13例行病变肠袢切除肠吻合术,10例行回肠-结肠短路吻合术,1例行右半结肠切除术,21例同时行小肠内置管排列术;1例行非手术治疗后梗阻解除.除1例肠切除患者术后因腹腔和肺部感染死亡外,全组96.0％ (24/25)获得治愈.23例随访6～24个月,远期有效率为95.7％( 22/23).结论:放射性肠炎并发急性肠梗阻采用恰当的非手术治疗可将急症手术转变为限期或择期手术,病变肠袢切除或肠短路吻合术联合小肠内置管排列术是较好的手术方式.     

Randomized comparison of straight and colonic J pouch anastomosis after low anterior resection.

OBJECTIVE. The authors compared clinical bowel function and complications of a low anterior resection with either a straight or colonic J pouch anastomosis. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA. Urgency and frequent bowel movements after rectal resection with a low anastomosis have been related to the loss of rectal reservoir function. Reconstruction with a colonic J pouch possibly can obviate some of this dysfunction. Earlier reports have been favorable, but they must be verified in randomized trials. METHOD. One hundred patients with rectal cancer in whom a sphincter-saving procedure was appropriate were randomized to reconstruction with either a straight or a colonic J pouch anastomosis. RESULTS. The incidence of symptomatic anastomotic leakage was lower in the pouch group (2% vs. 15%, p = 0.03). Eighty-nine patients could be evaluated after 1 year. The pouch patients had significantly fewer bowel movements per 24 hours, and less nocturnal evacuations, urgency, and incontinence. Overall well-being owing to the bowel function was rated significantly higher by the pouch patients. CONCLUSION. Reconstruction with a colonic J pouch was associated with a lower incidence of anastomotic leakage and better clinical bowel function when compared with the traditional straight anastomosis. Functional superiority was especially evident during the first 2 months.     

Single stage primary anastomosis without colonic lavage for left-sided colonic obstruction due to acute sigmoid volvulus: a prospective study of one hundred and ninety-seven cases

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of single‐stage resection and anastomosis for acute left‐sided colonic obstruction due to acute sigmoid volvulus without intraoperative lavage. Mechanical bowel preparation has been shown to be unnecessary for elective colorectal surgery. Colonic decompression without intraoperative lavage may simplify operations in acute left‐sided colorectal obstruction. Methods: Emergency resection of acute sigmoid volvulus was performed. This was followed by primary anastomosis without on‐table lavage after closed bowel decompression. Results: A total of 197 patients underwent bowel decompression, resection and primary colonic anastomosis. Two patients developed anastomosis leak, requiring re‐laparotomy, Hartmann's procedure and delayed closure. Two deaths occurred postoperatively; these were unrelated to the nature of the surgery. The mean hospital stay was 9.8 days. Conclusion: Primary colonic anastomosis can be safely done for obstructed left colon due to acute sigmoid volvulus without intraoperative colonic lavage.     

Short bowel syndrome in infancy and childhood. Analysis of survival in 60 patients

This report concerns 60 infants and children with short bowel syndrome, most commonly caused by necrotizing enterocolitis in this study. Resection of atretic or gangrenous bowel was performed in 53 patients, tapering enteroplasty and primary anastomosis was performed in 13 patients, and temporary enterostomies were performed in 40 patients. Second-look laparotomy was useful in two of four cases of questionable bowel viability. The ileocecal valve was resected in 33 patients and remained intact in 27. The mean length of remaining bowel was 58.4 cm (range 13 to 150 cm). Seven patients with total aganglionosis and mid to proximal small bowel extension were managed with an initial enterostomy, whereas three had a pull-through procedure with an aganglionic patch enteroplasty. All patients received total parenteral nutrition and early enteral feedings. Home hyperalimentation was attempted when 50 percent of the calorie intake was enteral. Intestinal adaptation required from 3 to 14 months. Frequent setbacks were related to catheter sepsis, rotavirus infection, carbohydrate intolerance, and liver dysfunction. The overall survival rate was 85 percent, with mortality due to liver failure and sepsis associated with total parenteral nutrition.     

Strategy for Surgical Management of Ileocolonic Anastomotic Recurrence in Crohn's Disease

After resection for ileocecal or ileocolonic Crohn's disease anastomotic recurrence is common, and many patients require further surgery. This study reviews our overall experience of surgery for ileocolonic anastomotic recurrence of Crohn's disease so we can propose a strategy for management. A series of 109 patients who underwent surgery for anastomotic recurrence after ileocecal or ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease between 1984 and 1997 were reviewed. Ileocolonic recurrence was treated by strictureplasty in 39 patients and resection in 70 (with sutured end-to-end anastomosis, 48; stapled side-to-side anastomosis, 22). Stapled anastomosis has been frequently used between 1995 and 1997. Short recurrence was mainly treated by strictureplasty, and long or perforating disease was resected. Coexisting small bowel disease was more common in the patients having strictureplasty. Septic complications (leak/fistula/abscess) related to the ileocolonic procedure occurred in 1 of 39 patients (3%) after strictureplasty, in 6 of 48 (13%) after resection with sutured anastomosis, and in none of 22 after resection with stapled anastomosis. The median duration of follow-up was 90 months after strictureplasty, 105 months after resection with sutured anastomosis, and 22 months after resection with stapled anastomosis. Altogether 18 of 39 patients (46%) after strictureplasty, 22 of 48 (46%) after resection with sutured anastomosis, and none of 22 after resection with stapled anastomosis required further surgery for suture line recurrence. In conclusion, strictureplasty is useful for short ileocolonic recurrence in patients with multifocal small bowel disease or previous extensive resection. Stapled side-to-side anastomosis was associated with a low incidence of complications, and early recurrence was not observed, although the duration of follow-up was short.     

36例腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的原因及处理

目的分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）胆管损伤的原因及影响因素,探讨其防治的措施。方法1998年1月-2007年2月,我院行LC 8600例,发生胆管损伤36例。术中发现31例,术后因黄疸、胆漏发现5例。肝总管无缺损横断20例,胆总管横断4例,肝总管游离横断缺损4例,肝总管钛夹不全夹闭3例,胆总管不全夹闭1例,胆囊管与肝总管交汇处撕裂损伤3例,电钩损伤胆总管1例。胆管对端吻合并置T管支撑引流24例,肝总管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合4例,T管支撑引流4例,胆-肠Roux-en-Y吻合1例,拔除钛夹3例。结果1例胆管对端吻合后2个月后T管拔除,术后胆管狭窄,3个月后行胆-肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;2例因胆管空肠吻合口狭窄,于术后11个月再次行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合。3例三次手术者随访2-3年,未出现胆管炎症状及结石再形成。1例术后反复发作胆管炎、黄疸、肝功损害,经多次住院抗炎、肝功支持治疗及加强预防,随访1年上述症状消失。余32例术后随访8-36个月,平均16个月,未出现任何不适,无胆管狭窄及其他并发症。结论术者对LC潜在危险性缺乏足够重视,盲目扩大手术适应证,手术操作粗糙、疏漏,经验不足,镜下不能正确判断Calot三角关系,器械使用不当,是发生胆管损伤的根本原因。严格掌握手术适应证,强化操作训练,把握中转开腹的时机,可减少胆管损伤的发生。     

The 2 STEP: an approach to repeating a serial transverse enteroplasty

Purpose

The serial transverse enteroplasty procedure (STEP) procedure is a successful and safe approach to lengthen small bowel in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). However, postlengthening dilatation may occur, which can lead to bacterial overgrowth and malabsorption. We addressed this problem by reperforming the STEP in 2 patients.

Methods

Two infants underwent the STEP procedure at 3 days and at 4 months of life for SBS secondary to intestinal atresia and gastroschisis. The patients' small bowel lengths were 20 and 32 cm before and 25 and 52 cm after the initial STEP. Nine and 8.5 months afterward, the patients developed dilatation of the small bowel and feeding intolerance. A second STEP procedure was undertaken with additional transverse firings of staplers between previously lengthened segments and tapering of redundant blind-ending portions of bowel.

Results

At operation, the bowel lengths were 45 and 62 cm. The second STEP left the patients with 61 and 73 cm of small bowel with a normalization of intestinal diameter. The first patient is doing well 5 months after surgery, and the second child tolerated increased enteral intake but died 1 year later from total parenteral nutrition-related liver failure.

Conclusions

This is the first report of a successful application of a second STEP procedure to further lengthen small bowel in SBS patients. Reapplication of the procedure requires careful stapling and a removal of small blind-ending segments to avoid further stasis.     

经肛肠梗阻导管联合腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠恶性梗阻

目的 评价经肛肠梗阻减压导管联合腹腔镜手术在结直肠恶性梗阻治疗中的应用价值.方法 2007年3月至2010年10月37例急性完全性结直肠恶性梗阻患者经肛置入肠梗阻导管至梗阻近端肠管,冲洗引流4～10 d后行腹腔镜探查并一期切除吻合.结果 37例患者中34例成功置入导管,导管引流时间为4～10 d,平均(5.8±1.6)d.置入肠梗阻导管后(3.8±1.3)d(1～7 d)患者腹痛、腹胀症状消失.与入院时腹围(92 4±7)cm相比,手术时腹围(84±6)cm,明显缩小(P=0.013).其中31例患者减压后完成腹腔镜一期根治切除吻合,术后患者恢复顺利,无严重并发症.结论 经肛型肠梗阻减压导管联合腹腔镜手术治疗急性结直肠梗阻安全、有效,可将急诊手术转为限期手术,在适当的肠道准备后腹腔镜下根治手术并一期吻合是可行的.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transanal drainage tube followed by laparoscopic surgery in management of malignant colorectal obstruction. Methods From March 2007 to October 2010, 37 patients with colorectal cancer manifesting acute complete mechanical obstruction were treated by ileus tube drainage. After irrigation and drainage ranging from 4 to 10 days, the radical operations and anastomosis were performed by laparoscopy. Results The drainage tubes were successfully implanted in 34 patients. The decompression time of patients was (5. 8 ±1.6) d, ranging from 4 to 10 d. The abdominal pain and bloating symptoms were faded away after (3. 8 ±1.3) d (1 to 7 d) drainage. And comparing to that of patients when admission, abdominal circumference significantly reduced from ( 92 ± 7 ) cm to (84 ±6)cm(P =0. 013) before surgery. Thirty-one cases were performed radical resection and anastomosis by laparoscopy after decompression. Postoperative recovery was smooth, and there was no serious complication. Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery followed decompression by transanal ileus tube is effective and safe for acute lower colorectal obstruction. Emergency surgery may be converted to limit surgery by this method. After appropriate bowel preparation, laparoscopic radical surgery and anastomosis is feasible.     

A modified method of laparoscopic side-to-side esophagojejunal anastomosis: report of 14 cases

Background  Alimentary tract reconstruction after laparoscopic total gastrectomy is a technical challenge. Although feasible, reconstruction through a small incision has several drawbacks. The authors therefore report a modified method of laparoscopic side-to-side esophagojejunal anastomosis developed at their hospital. Methods  The side to side esophagojejunal anastomosis was completed with a endo-GIA firing, followed by transection of the jejunum and esophagus with another firing of endo-GIA. Results  This modified procedure was performed successfully for 14 patients with gastric cancer. The mean operation time for this procedure was 42.5 ± 10.2 min. No postoperative death, fistula, or hemorrhage occurred. All the patients were followed up for a mean period of 14.5 months with no cancer recurrence at the anastomosis or anastomotic stricture. All the patients had a barium swallow test 6–2 months after the operation. The mean maximum diameter of the anastomosis was 3.8 cm (range, 3.0–4.2 cm). Four patients experienced temporary symptoms of dumping syndrome or dysphagia, which disappeared 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion  The authors consider this modified laparoscopic side-to-side esophagojejunal anastomosis to be safe, less challenging, and more economical, providing an alternative for alimentary tract reconstruction after laparoscopic total gastrectomy.     

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目的 总结6例短肠综合征病人肠管倒置手术失败的教训，强调合理选择手术适应证的重要性和必要性，提出短肠综合征合理的治疗策略，方法 回顾性分析6例短肠综合征病人，均在外院接受肠管倒置手术，除1例为结肠倒置外，其余均为小肠倒置，倒置肠管长度从10～50cm不等，5例小肠倒置手术均在广泛肠切除的同时进行，术后1例出现吻合口瘘，4例出现肠梗阻。结果 1例病人因肝功能衰竭于术后5年死亡，1例病人放弃治疗，1例行肠瘘及倒置小肠切除治愈，2例行倒置肠管切除治愈，1例行倒置肠管复位治愈。治愈病人依靠普通饮食和部分肠内营养支持维持正常营养状况。结论 短肠综合征病人应首选肠康复治疗和小肠移植。只有极少数病人适宜进行肠倒置手术，手术时倒置肠管不应超过10cm，手术时机应在广泛肠切除2年以后进行．手术时应注意倒置肠管的血液供应，避免肠缺血。     

Total rectal resection,mesorectum excision,and coloendoanal anastomosis: A therapeutic option for the treatment of low rectal cancer

Background: There is recent and sporadic evidence indicating that patients with very low rectal cancer may be treated via a sphincter-saving procedure, obviating the need for abdominoperineal resection and definitive colostomy. This study confirms these findings. Methods: From March 1990 to October 1994, 79 patients affected with primary low rectal cancers were submitted for total rectal resection, mesorectum excision, and coloendoanal anastomosis. All lesions were located within 8 cm of the anal verge (within 6 cm in 64 cases). Results: Eight patients relapsed at the pelvic level, and one patient only at the paraanastomotic site. Postoperative morbidity attributable to the procedure was low. A perfect continence was documented in 66% of cases after colostomy closure, and many patients (63%) had one or two bowel movements a day. Sixty-two patients of this series are alive, 49 without actual evidence of disease. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 56 months (median 23). Conclusions: The clinical and pathological data derived from this study suggest that radical mesorectum excision more than a large clearance margin of resection remains the most important factor in reducing the incidence of local relapse after low rectal cancer surgery and that total rectal resection and coloendoanal anastomosis is a suitable and safe option to traditional, demolitive surgical techniques.Presented at the 48th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, March 23–26, 1995.