牙周洁治术中复方硼砂漱口降低气雾污染的临床疗效观察

目的探讨牙周洁治术中的气雾污染状况，做好医护人员职业防护。方法选取无口腔及上呼吸道感染、无慢性疾病、无传染病及其他禁忌证的患者40例，随机分为试验组（20例）和对照组（20例）。试验组患者在牙周洁治术中采用复方硼砂漱口，对照组患者采用清水漱口。2组患者分别在洁治术前、术后进行口腔细菌采样；术前、术中10min、20min、30min和手术结束5个时段进行空气采样做细菌培养，并对结果进行分析。结果试验组患者牙周洁治中空气采样、洁治后口腔采样细菌培养结果远远低于对照组，P〈0．01，差异有统计学意义。结论复方硼砂消毒作用好、性质稳定。在牙周洁治过程中采用复方硼砂漱口，可随时清除洁治术中口腔内和汽雾中的细菌和微生物，降低了环境污染，增强了口腔科医护人员职业防护。     

青少年固定正畸中定期洁治对牙周健康的影响

目的探讨青少年固定正畸中定期洁治对牙周健康的影响。方法选取我院口腔科于2012年2月至2014年5月收治的青少年固定正畸患者80例作为临床研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组患者以刷牙法保持口腔清洁,而观察组患者在对照组的基础上同时还使用0．2％的洗必泰液进行每月一次的牙周洁治。6个月后,检测两组患者的牙龈指数、菌斑指数、龈沟出血指数,并做统计学分析。结果观察组患者的牙龈指数、菌斑指数、龈沟出血指数的检测情况明显优于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论定期洁治能够有效降低牙周组织的炎症反应,对青少年固定正畸患者的牙周健康具有积极的影响。     

口腔洁治患者治疗前血源性病原体检测及意义

目的探讨口腔洁治患者治疗前血源性病原体检测的必要性。方法选择2012年4-9月在某院口腔门诊就诊的口腔洁治患者1 929例,治疗前进行乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）抗体、人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）抗体和梅毒血清学（TRUST）检测。结果口腔洁治前,10～20岁组患者HBsAg的阳性率为2.50%;21～40岁组HBsAg、抗HCV、抗HIV、TRUST阳性率分别为7.14%、0.79%、0.26%、0.53%;≥41岁组HBsAg、抗HCV、抗HIV、TRUST阳性率分别为4.06%、1.41%、0.09%、0.26%。结论在口腔洁治患者治疗前进行血源性病原体检测,以获得患者洁治前或口腔诊疗前的血源性疾病感染情况,有利于医院感染的防控。     

27951例牙周科门诊人群就医行为调查分析

目的通过调查分析综合性医院牙周专科门诊人群就医行为,为针对性开展牙周病的防治提供临床依据。方法收集2013年8月~2016年12月于解放军第306医院口腔中心牙周科门诊患者资料,回顾性分析就诊人群的年龄、性别、就医行为等。结果27951例牙周科初诊患者中,男性患者多于女性,25~64岁人群为就诊患者主体;20886例患者进行龈上洁治,占总例数74.72%;4008例患者记录牙周检查表,占总例数14.33%,在4008例记表患者中,仅有671例(16.73%)患者复查2次以上牙周检查表,大多数患者在60~240 d内进行第1次复查。结论大多数患者牙周基础治疗止于龈上洁治,且复诊次数少,复查间隔长。     

Er∶YAG激光照射用于慢性牙周炎基础治疗的短期疗效研究

目的研究Er∶YAG激光照射用于慢性牙周炎基础治疗的短期疗效。方法选取我院2016年8月至2019年5月收治的60例慢性牙周炎患者,随机分为对照组和观察组各30例。所有患者接受超声洁治1周后,对照组行超声龈下刮治、根面平整术治疗,观察组行超声龈下刮治、根面平整术治疗后再行Er∶YAG激光照射治疗,比较两组的治疗效果。结果两组患者超声洁治后第1周、第4周和第8周的菌斑指数、探针出血指数、牙周附着丧失指数比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);超声洁治后第4周和第8周,两组患者的菌斑指数、探针出血指数、牙周附着丧失指数均显著低于超声洁治后第1周(P <0.05)。结论采用Er∶YAG激光照射治疗慢性牙周炎获得的短期疗效与牙周基础治疗的效果相似,临床上可根据患者的实际情况决定是否选择Er∶YAG激光照射辅助治疗。     

锥形束CT检查在口腔正畸治疗中的应用价值

目的：分析研讨口腔正畸治疗中为患者结合锥形束CT检查的临床价值。方法：选取2021年6月～2022年1月入院的60例口腔正畸患者，随机分为观察组及观察组，各30例。观察组患者采用X射线检查配合治疗，观察组患者在此基础上实施锥形束CT检查配合治疗，对比两组患者治疗效果。结果：治疗后，观察组患者SNB高于观察组，SNA和ANB低于观察组（P<0.05）；观察组患者不良反应发生率低于观察组（P<0.05）；观察组患者吞咽、咀嚼、语言均高于观察组（P<0.05）；观察组患者上中切牙凸距离和上中切牙倾角大于观察组，磨牙移位距离小于观察组（P<0.05）；观察组患者牙齿整齐程度、咬合接触情况、前牙覆合覆盖率高于观察组（P<0.05）。结论：口腔正畸治疗患者采取锥形束CT检查可改善患者正畸效果。     

超声龈上洁治器械治疗菌斑性龈炎的临床疗效研究

目的：分析超声龈上洁治器械治疗菌斑性龈炎的临床疗效。方法：将2018年6月～2020年6月本院接收治疗的菌斑性龈炎患者78例作为研究对象，按照患者治疗方法的不同分为观察组（超声龈上洁治器械治疗）和对照组（常规治疗），对比分析两组患者牙周附着丧失、探诊深度、菌斑指数、VAS评分、GBI以及BOP阳性位点率、治疗前后GI水平变化、咀嚼功能、治疗时间、临床疗效。结果：相较于对照组患者，观察组患者VAS评分、GBI以及BOP阳性位点率明显降低，对比统计学差异明显（P<0.05）；相较于对照组患者，观察组患者牙周附着丧失、探诊深度、菌斑指数明显更低，对比统计学差异明显（P<0.05）；治疗前，两组患者GI水平变化、咀嚼功能对比并无明显差异（P>0.05），治疗后，相较于对照组，观察组GI减少值与咀嚼功能明显更高，治疗时间更短，对比统计学差异明显（P<0.05）；两组患者之间临床疗效对比可见，观察组患者明显更高，统计学差异明显（P<0.05）。结论：在菌斑性龈炎患者的临床治疗中对患者采用超声龈上洁治器械治疗将更有利于降低患者牙周附着、菌斑指数等水平，并降低患者GBI以...     

种植体支抗在口腔正畸治疗中的应用

目的分析种植体支抗在口腔正畸治疗中的应用价值。方法将行口腔正畸治疗的68例患者随机分为观察组与对照组各34例。对照组采用横腭杆支抗正畸治疗法,观察组采用种植体支抗的正畸疗法。比较两组患者的治疗成功率及效果。结果观察组34例共植入后牙区种植体68枚加强支抗,种植两周后脱落4枚,脱落率为5.88%;10个月后,观察组磨牙移位距离明显小于对照组（P〈0.05）,而上中切牙倾角和上中切牙凸距差明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）;两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论种植体支抗应用于口腔正畸治疗,操作简单,稳定性好,在口腔正畸学发展中扮演着重要角色。     

固定矫治患者的牙周保健

为防止固定矫治中患者的牙周组织损伤,我们在对54例固定矫治患者进行口腔卫生宣教的基础上,对其中27例进行定期牙周洁治,并用雅皓丁硼乳膏配合牙周用药,维护了患者牙周组织的健康。现报告如下: 1 资料和方法 1.1 临床资料选择全身及牙周组织健康、因牙颌畸形需固定矫治患者54例,其中男性27例,女性27例,年龄12～22岁。采用单盲随机法分为2组,对照组27例,男15例,女12例,平均年龄13.2岁;洁治用药组27例,男13例、女14例,平均年龄13.5岁。 1.2 方法 2组患者均使用TN矫治器。对照组:进行口腔卫     

新癀片治疗牙周病38例临床观察

牙周病是口腔常见病和多发病。是牙齿支持组织（牙周组织,包括牙槽骨、牙周韧带、牙骨质、牙龈）所患的疾病。此类疾病易反复发作,细菌、牙菌斑、牙结石、创伤、食物嵌塞、不良修复体等造成牙龈萎缩、牙槽骨吸收,致使牙齿松动,最后导致牙齿脱落。传统治疗包括牙周基础治疗（控制菌斑如刷牙、龈上洁治、龈下刮治和根面平整）和药物治疗。     

新冠肺炎个人防护有效培训形式研究

 目的 探讨个人防护用品穿脱培训的有效形式。方法 将医务人员随机分为三组(第一组:视频培训;第二组:现场演示培训;第三组:一对一实操培训)进行个人防护用品穿脱培训,培训结束后对三组人员进行考核,评价培训效果。穿脱个人防护用品步骤考核采用评分表评分和定性的方法(脱防护服之前涂荧光粉以判断脱时荧光粉是否沾染衣服或皮肤的定性方法)考核。结果 每组考核169人,第三组考核合格率为85.21%,高于第二组(56.21%)、第一组(34.32%);护理、医技、医疗三类岗位中,以护理人员考核合格率最高(71.57%,141/197),医技人员合格率最低(42.11%,64/152);在穿脱个人防护用品步骤考核中,以佩戴医用口罩的密合性试验、脱连体防护服+手卫生合格率最低(分别为64.69%、60.95%)。三组培训成员、三类不同岗位类别,以及穿、脱个人防护用品各步骤考核合格率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.005)。荧光定性检测合格率为69.43%。结论 一对一实操的培训优于现场演示和视频培训,培训时应着重强调医用防护口罩的密合性试验,脱防护服时避免其污染衣服或皮肤。     

Survey of the use of personal protective equipment and prevalence of work related symptoms among dental staff.

OBJECTIVES: Dental instruments such as the right angle or straight handpiece, air turbine, and ultrasonic scaler have the ability to produce dental aerosols containing water, saliva, microorganisms, blood, tooth particles, lubricating oil, and restorative materials. The purpose of this study was to find out whether personal protective equipment (mask, glasses) was used by dental personnel, and to investigate possible work related disease in the dental profession. METHODS: Cross sectional data were collected with a self administered questionnaire sent to 69 randomly chosen general dental practices in the West Midlands Region. All members of the dental team completed questionnaires (dentists (n = 122); nurses (n = 115); hygienists (n = 86); and receptionists (n = 74) and answered questions on use of personal protective equipment and the prevalence of upper and lower respiratory tract, eye, and skin symptoms (reported and work related). Reception staff were included as a low exposure, control group. Also, a longitudinal study of dental hygienists was carried out on 31 people who had taken part in a similar study five years earlier. RESULTS: Use of a face mask and glasses differed between clinical groups with hygienists and nurses being the most and least prevalent users respectively. Although several reported symptoms were significantly more prevalent among clinical staff, only one work related symptom (skin rashes or itchy or dry skin) was reported by the clinical staff more than by the non-clinical receptionists. Among female clinical staff, age < 35 years and atopy were the factors that predisposed to work related symptoms. Also, reported symptoms were related to duration of use of instruments that generated aerosols. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a low level of work related symptoms in dentistry, but highlights a group vulnerable to prolonged exposures to dental aerosols. It also supports the need for enforcement of the use of personal protective equipment among dental nurses.     

发热、血钠联合中性粒细胞百分比对肺结核继发结核性脑膜炎的诊断价值

 目的 探讨发热、血钠联合中性粒细胞百分比对肺结核继发结核性脑膜炎（TBM）的诊断价值。方法 收集2015年10月—2018年10月某院收治的肺结核患者临床资料，将146例诊断为肺结核继发TBM的患者作为研究组，按入院时间以1∶4的比例分层抽取584例肺结核未继发TBM的患者作为对照组，比较两组患者血钠、中性粒细胞百分比、临床发热症状指标及三者联合诊断肺结核继发TBM的效能，计算曲线下面积（AUC）并确定临界点。结果 30条纤维支气管镜使用后未清洗前，内镜外表面RLU中位值为911.5，合格率为16.7%；酶洗后机洗前，内镜外表面RLU中位值为234.0，合格率为43.3%。每组30条纤维支气管镜经消毒剂分别浸泡消毒5、3 min后的气管镜外表面RLU中位值分别为25.0、23.5，合格率均为100.0%。血钠及中性粒细胞百分比诊断肺结核继发TBM患者的临界点分别为135.30 mmol/L、73.40%。发热、血钠、中性粒细胞百分比及三者联合诊断肺结核继发TBM的AUC（95%CI）分别为0.732（0.688~0.776）、0.768（0.719~0.818）、0.727（0.679~0.776）、0.845（0.807~0.882），差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；敏感度分别为80.82%、56.85%、65.07%、63.70%，特异度分别为65.58%、87.50%、73.46%、89.38%，前三者曲线下面积差异无统计学意义，三者联合诊断效能更高。结论 发热、血钠<135.30 mmol/L或血中性粒细胞百分比>73.40%对肺结核继发TBM均有诊断意义，三者无明显优劣之分，但三者联合对肺结核继发TBM有更高的诊断价值。     

外周血单个核细胞TLR3信号通路活化在重组乙型肝炎表面抗原免疫应答中的作用

目的探讨外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)Toll样受体3(TLR3)信号通路的活化在重组HBsAg(rHBsAg)免疫应答中的作用及机制。方法收集13名健康献血者外周血制备血液制品时滤除的白细胞, 分离培养PBMC后分别给予TLR3激动剂聚肌苷酸-聚胞苷酸(Poly I:C组)及PBS(对照组)处理, 48 h后收集部分细胞, 采用流式细胞术检测TLR3信号通路蛋白水平;在活化(Poly I:C组)/未活化(对照组)TLR3信号通路后, 采用rHBsAg处理两组PBMC 72 h, 采用流式细胞术检测PBMC中树突状细胞(DC)、T、B淋巴细胞及其亚群比例。采用配对t检验、配对资料的符号秩和检验和典型相关分析进行统计学分析。结果 Poly I:C组PBMC TLR3信号通路中TLR3蛋白阳性细胞百分比(19.21%)、TLR3蛋白表达量(8 983.95)、NF-κB蛋白的表达量(26 193.13)、磷酸化NF-κB(pNF-κB)蛋白阳性细胞百分比(13.73%)及其占NF-κB的比例(16.03%)、磷酸化IRF3(pIRF3)蛋白阳性细胞百分比(12.64%)及其占IRF3的比例(...     

COVID-19 Mask Usage and Social Distancing in Social Media Images: Large-scale Deep Learning Analysis

BackgroundThe adoption of nonpharmaceutical interventions and their surveillance are critical for detecting and stopping possible transmission routes of COVID-19. A study of the effects of these interventions can help shape public health decisions. The efficacy of nonpharmaceutical interventions can be affected by public behaviors in events, such as protests. We examined mask use and mask fit in the United States, from social media images, especially during the Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests, representing the first large-scale public gatherings in the pandemic.ObjectiveThis study assessed the use and fit of face masks and social distancing in the United States and events of large physical gatherings through public social media images from 6 cities and BLM protests.MethodsWe collected and analyzed 2.04 million public social media images from New York City, Dallas, Seattle, New Orleans, Boston, and Minneapolis between February 1, 2020, and May 31, 2020. We evaluated correlations between online mask usage trends and COVID-19 cases. We looked for significant changes in mask use patterns and group posting around important policy decisions. For BLM protests, we analyzed 195,452 posts from New York and Minneapolis from May 25, 2020, to July 15, 2020. We looked at differences in adopting the preventive measures in the BLM protests through the mask fit score.ResultsThe average percentage of group pictures dropped from 8.05% to 4.65% after the lockdown week. New York City, Dallas, Seattle, New Orleans, Boston, and Minneapolis observed increases of 5.0%, 7.4%, 7.4%, 6.5%, 5.6%, and 7.1%, respectively, in mask use between February 2020 and May 2020. Boston and Minneapolis observed significant increases of 3.0% and 7.4%, respectively, in mask use after the mask mandates. Differences of 6.2% and 8.3% were found in group pictures between BLM posts and non-BLM posts for New York City and Minneapolis, respectively. In contrast, the differences in the percentage of masked faces in group pictures between BLM and non-BLM posts were 29.0% and 20.1% for New York City and Minneapolis, respectively. Across protests, 35% of individuals wore a mask with a fit score greater than 80%.ConclusionsThe study found a significant drop in group posting when the stay-at-home laws were applied and a significant increase in mask use for 2 of 3 cities where masks were mandated. Although a positive trend toward mask use and social distancing was observed, a high percentage of posts showed disregard for the guidelines. BLM-related posts captured the lack of seriousness to safety measures, with a high percentage of group pictures and low mask fit scores. Thus, the methodology provides a directional indication of how government policies can be indirectly monitored through social media.     

Modified full-face snorkeling mask for thoracic surgery and otolaryngology surgical use: comfort and usability assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background:A worldwide personal protection equipment (PPE) shortage has emerged during COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to the high incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care providers. To address this lack of PEE, new solutions have been researched. Among those, full-face snorkeling masks demonstrated to be an interesting option. Among surgical specialties otolaryngologists and thoracic surgeons are at high risk of infection, due to the close contact with airway secretions.Objectives:We tested the comfort and usability of a modified full-face snorkeling mask (Ocean Reef Mask Aria QR+) as a protective device for otolaryngologic and thoracic surgeries.Methods:The mask was customized with a 3D-printed adaptor supporting many industrial filter types, including FFP3 and heat and moisture exchangers (HME). We evaluated surgical performances of the mask, both subjectively, with a questionnaire filled in by the surgeons, as well as objectively, monitoring transcutaneous PCO₂ and PO₂ values of surgeons during surgical procedures.Results:The modified full-face snorkeling mask was tested during 9 otolaryngologic and 15 thoracic surgery procedures. The device demonstrated very good overall vision quality with some limitations regarding lateral vision and almost no difficulties in usability. Water condensation into the mask was absent in almost every case. Both PO₂ and PCO₂ parameters remained within normal ranges during every procedure.Discussion:The modified full-face snorkeling mask can be an innovative PPE. In the current COVID-19 pandemic scenario, the worldwide shortage of protective masks and goggles may exploit this ready-to-use and low-cost solution, especially for high-risk surgical procedures.     

Variation of Ultrasonic Renal Volume between Hypertensive and Non-Hypertensive Individuals in Relation to Body Size Parameters

BackgroundEstimation of renal size is vital for the diagnosis of abnormal structural change on the kidneys due to the adverse effects of chronic diseases like hypertension. This study evaluated renal volume by ultrasound in relation to body size parameters, notably body mass index (BMI) and body surface area(BSA) in hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals.MethodsA hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from February to September 2018 at the Radiology department of the Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC). The study included consecutively selected samples of 85 ambulatory hypertensive patients and 60non-hypertensive controls recruited consecutively on voluntary basis. After receiving verbal consent, each subject underwent abdominal ultrasound examination and length, width and thickness of both kidneys were measured and used for estimation of renal volume. The statistical evaluation included independent samples t-tests for mean differences with regard to ultrasonic renal measurements between hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups.ResultsA total of 145 adults aged 16 – 80 years (mean ±SD=44 ±17) participated in the study. In the hypertensive group, mean renal volume of 97.7cm³ for the right kidney and104.4cm³ for the left kidney whereas in the control group, it was 101.1cm³ for the right and 111.8 cm³ for the left kidney. The mean right renal volume to BSA ratio was 58.2cm³/m² in hypertensive group, while it was 62.6cm³/m² among the control group (p=0.076). The mean left renal volume to BSA of the patients was 62.2cm³/m² and significantly (p=0.012) lower than that of the non-hypertensive group, which was 69.3 cm³/m².ConclusionSlightly smaller bilateral renal volume among hypertensive patients as compared the controls was obtained.     

Particle Filtration Efficiency Testing of Sterilization Wrap Masks

ObjectivesNon-traditional materials are used for mask construction to address personal protective equipment shortages during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Reusable masks made from surgical sterilization wrap represent such an innovative approach with social media frequently referring to them as “N95 alternatives.” This material was tested for particle filtration efficiency and breathability to clarify what role they might have in infection prevention and control.MethodsA heavyweight, double layer sterilization wrap was tested when new and after 2, 4, 6, and 10 autoclave sterilizing cycles and compared with an approved N95 respirator and a surgical mask via testing procedures using a sodium chloride aerosol for N95 efficiency testing similar to 42 CFR 84.181. Pressure testing to indicate breathability was also conducted.ResultsThe particle filtration efficiency for the sterilization wrap ranged between 58% to 66%, with similar performance when new and after sterilizing cycles. The N95 respirator and surgical mask performed at 95% and 68% respectively. Pressure drops for the sterilization wrap, N95 and surgical mask were 10.4 mmH₂O, 5.9 mmH₂O, and 5.1 mmH₂O, respectively, well below the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health limits of 35 mmH₂O during initial inhalation and 25 mmH₂O during initial exhalation.ConclusionsThe sterilization wrap’s particle filtration efficiency is much lower than a N95 respirator, but falls within the range of a surgical mask, with acceptable breathability. Performance testing of non-traditional mask materials is crucial to determine potential protection efficacy and for correcting misinterpretation propagated through popular media.     

Estimation of the percutaneous absorption of styrene in an industrial situation

This field study was designed to compare the level of styrene absorbed percutaneously with that absorbed by inhalation in a real situation in the fiberglass-reinforced polyester industry. Methods: The study protocol consisted of comparisons of the patterns of urinary excretion of styrene metabolites by four groups of workers, all of whom performed the same task at the same time in the same workshop but wore the following different protective equipment: total protection with an insulating suit and mask, respiratory equipment only, percutaneous protection only, and no protection. Results: The urinary excretion level of the group with total protection did not significantly differ from that of the group with respiratory protection only. Conclusions: Precutaneous absorption is not a particularly important pathway for styrene absorption during stratification work in the polyester industry. Completely insulating personal protective equipment provides no greater level of protection than does a respirator at positive pressure alone. Received: 14 April 1998 / Accepted: 4 August 1998     

苏州队列人群的胃癌发病状况及其危险因素

目的:描述苏州队列人群胃癌发病状况,探索苏州市胃癌发病的环境危险因素,为预防胃癌提供科学依据。方法:研究对象来自中国慢性病前瞻性研究苏州队列,2004-2008年开展基线调查,随后进行长期随访至2013年12月31日,剔除自报既往诊断消化性溃疡、恶性肿瘤以及入组半年内罹患胃癌者,共纳入50 136名研究对象。采用Cox...